Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

OCCUPATIONAL STANDARD

BASIC ACCOUNT WORKS

NTQF Level II

Ministry of Education
August 2012
 Introduction
Ethiopia has embarked on a process of reforming its TVET-System. Within the
policies and strategies of the Ethiopian Government, technology transformation – by
using international standards and international best practices as the basis, and,
adopting, adapting and verifying them in the Ethiopian context – is a pivotal element.
TVET is given an important role with regard to technology transfer. The new
paradigm in the outcome-based TVET system is the orientation at the current and
anticipated future demand of the economy and the labor market.

The Ethiopia Occupational Standards (EOS) is the core element of the Ethiopian
National TVET-Strategy and an important factor within the context of the National
TVET-Qualification Framework (NTQF).They are national Ethiopian standards, which
define the occupational requirements and expected outcome related to a specific
occupation without taking TVET delivery into account.

This document details the mandatory format, sequencing, wording and layout for the
Ethiopia Occupational Standard which comprised of Units of Competence.

A Unit of Competence describes a distinct work activity. It is documented in a

standard format that comprises:
• Occupational title, NTQF level
• Unit code
• Unit title
• Unit descriptor
• Elements and Performance criteria
• Variables and Range statement
• Evidence guide

Together all the parts of a Unit of Competence guide the assessor in determining
whether the candidate is competent.

The ensuing sections of this EOS document comprise a description of the respective
occupation with all the key components of a Unit of Competence:
• the chart with an overview of all Units of Competence for the respective
occupation including the Unit Codes and the Unit Titles
• the contents of each Unit of Competence (competence standard)
• occupational map providing the technical and vocational education and training
(TVET) providers with information and important requirements to consider when
designing training programs for this standards, and for the individual, a career
path

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UNIT OF COMPETENCE CHART
Occupational Standard: Basic Account Works
Occupational Code: EIS BAW

NTQF Level II

EIS BAW2 01 0812 EIS BAW2 02 0812 EIS BAW2 03 0812

Work Effectively in the Work Effectively with Use Business
Financial Services Others Technology
Sector

EIS BAW2 04 0812 EIS BAW2 05 0812 EIS BAW2 06 0812

Process Customer Process Customer Develop
Accounts Transactions Understanding of the
Ethiopian Financial
System and Markets

EIS BAW2 07 0812 EIS BAW2 08 0812 EIS BAW2 09 0812

Develop Develop and Use a Develop and Use a
Understanding of Personal Budget Savings Plan
Taxation

EIS BAW2 10 0812 EIS BAW2 11 0812 EIS BAW2 12 0812

Develop Participate in Work Work in Team
Understanding of Debt Place Communication Environment
and Consumer Credit

EIS BAW2 13 0812 EIS BAW2 14 1012

Develop Business Apply Continuous
Practice Improvement
Processes (Kaizen)

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Occupational Standard: Basic Account Works Level II
Unit Title Work Effectively in the Financial Services Sector
Unit Code EIS BAW2 01 0812
Unit Descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and
knowledge required to correctly interpret and apply industry and
organisation procedures, guidelines, policies, ethical standards
and sustainability requirements to day-to-day work in the financial
services industry.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Work within 1.1. Guidelines, procedures, legislation and codes of
financial services practice applying to the financial industry are identified and
industry the effects on everyday work determined
guidelines,
procedures and 1.2. Workplace procedures and instructions for environmentally
legislation sustainable work practices are recognized and followed
and any potential improvements suggested to appropriate
personnel
1.3. Work tasks are carried out in accordance with specific
organization policy, guidelines and procedures
1.4. Work tasks are undertaken to meet the organization
philosophy, values and objectives in relation to customer
service, professional practice and ethical principles
1.5. Assistance in clarifying the application of the guidelines,
procedures and legislation is sought from appropriate
personnel where necessary
2. Communicate in 2.1. Effective listening and speaking skills are used in verbal
the workplace communication
2.2. Instructions or enquiries are responded to promptly and in
accordance with organizational requirements
2.3. Presentation of written information is conducted to meet
organizational standards of style, format and accuracy
2.4. Communication is used to develop and maintain positive
relationships, mutual trust and confidence
3. Work safely 3.1. Established safety procedures are followed when
conducting work
3.2. Designated persons are identified for reporting queries and
concerns about safety in the workplace
3.3. Actions are taken to eliminate workplace hazards or to
reduce risk
3.4. Organizational procedures are followed for responding to
emergency incidents

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4. Use workplace 4.1. Relevant information management systems and databases
technology are accessed and used according to organizational
procedures
4.2. Proprietary or organizational software is used effectively
to develop workplace documents, input and extract data and
make calculations
5. Work in a team 5.1. Support to team members is provided to ensure work
environment group goals are met
5.2. Constructive contribution is made to work group goals and
tasks
5.3. Information relevant to work with work group is shared to
ensure designated goals are met
5.4. Opportunities for improvement of work group activity are
shared with work group members
6. Develop effective
6.1. Work and personal priorities are identified and planned to
work habits achieve a balance between any competing priorities
6.2. Time management strategies are applied to work duties
6.3. Appropriate dress and behavior codes are followed as
required by the workplace, job role or customer contact

Variable Range
Guidelines, • anti-discrimination legislation
procedures, • Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) code of conduct
legislation and codes • relevant environmental legislation
of practice may • Finance code
include: • Financial Services Reform Act (FSRA)
• Financial Transaction Reports Act
• Industry codes of practice
• legislation covering competition, prudential regulation
• Anti-Money Laundering and Counter Terrorism Financing
Acts.
Environmentally • improving energy efficiency
sustainable work • increasing use of resources that are:
practices include: renewable
recyclable
reusable
recoverable
• recognising opportunities to reduce emissions of greenhouse
gases
• Reducing use of non-renewable resources.
Appropriate • Colleagues
personnel may • human resources staff
include: • managers or supervisors
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 • mentors
Organisation policy, • best practice guidelines
guidelines, and • organisation and customer charters
procedures may • organisation codes of practice
include: • complaint and grievance procedures
• customer services statements
• induction program
• industry policy documents
• industry procedures manuals
• operating manuals
Organisation • best practice guidelines
philosophy, values • organisation and customer charters
and objectives may • guidance from supervisor
include: • vision and mission statements
Verbal • answering enquiries from clients
communication may • answering telephone calls
include: • informal discussions
• requests from colleagues
• use of voice mail
Standards may • ethical behaviour expectations
include: • legislation
• organisational policies and procedures
• specified work standards
• standards set by work group
Safety procedures • completing required documentation
may include: • displaying health and safety brochures, magazines and other
material
• following OHS guidelines relevant to workplace
• keeping workplace clean and tidy
• City administration, Regional and Federal State legislation
• office practice manual
• undergoing operator training when using new equipment or
processes
Designated persons • designated health and safety officers
may include: • managers
• other persons authorised or nominated by the enterprise or
industry
• supervisors
• team leaders
Risk is: • The chance of something occurring in the workplace or when
carrying out job role activities that could result in injury or
damage to self or others.
Proprietary or • client contact systems
organisational • custom designed financial software
software may include • databases
• spreadsheets

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 • word processers
Support to team • explaining and clarifying
members may • helping colleagues
include: • problem solving
• providing encouragement
• providing feedback to a team member
• undertaking extra tasks if necessary

Evidence Guide
Critical aspects of Evidence of the ability to:
Competence • apply broad understanding of the relevant financial industry
and the way it operates to work to be carried out
• access, interpret and comply with organisation policy and
procedures
• communicate effectively with others and act as an effective
team member
• use proprietary and industry specific software effectively in
day-to-day activities
• interpret and comply with relevant workplace legislation and
codes of practice
• perform work within a quality customer service environment
• work in a safe and environmentally sustainable manner
Underpinning Demonstrates knowledge of
Knowledge and • ethical principles that apply to work in the financial services
Attitudes industry
• industry and organisation policies and procedures
• questioning and listening techniques
• relevant environmental and resource efficiency systems and
procedures for own work area
• relevant knowledge of industry codes of practice
• relevant legislation and statutory requirements that impact on
the industry, including occupational health and safety (OHS)
and sustainable practices
Underpinning Skills Demonstrates:
• communication skills to:
determine and confirm work requirements, using
questioning and active listening as required
seek help if required
liaise with others, share information, listen and understand
use language and concepts appropriate to cultural
differences
• numeracy and IT skills to:
undertake basic financial calculations
access and use appropriate software such as word
processors, spreadsheets and databases
access and use internet information
• literacy skills to:
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 read and interpret documentation from a variety of sources
and record, gather and consolidate basic financial
information
draft basic documentation
• teamwork skills to work effectively and cooperatively with
others
• planning and organising skills to implement environmental and
energy efficiency policies and procedures relevant to own
work area
• organisational skills, including the ability to plan and sequence
work
• learning skills to maintain knowledge of changes to
organization and industry operational requirements, ethical
behaviours and expectations
Resources Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implication including work areas, materials and equipment, and to
information on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Assessment Methods Competency may be assessed through:
• Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
• Observation / Demonstration
Context of Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a
Assessment simulated work place setting.

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Occupational Standard: Basic Account Works Level II
Unit Title Work Effectively with Others
Unit Code EIS BAW2 02 0812
Unit Descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and
knowledge required to work in a group environment promoting
team commitment and cooperation, supporting team members
and dealing effectively with issues, problems and conflict.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Develop effective 1.1. Own responsibilities and duties are identified in relation to
workplace workgroup members and activities are undertaken in a
relationships manner that promotes cooperation and good relationships
1.2. Time and resource constraints are taken into account in
fulfilling work requirements of self and others
1.3. Constructive feedback provided is encouraged,
acknowledged and acted upon by others in the workgroup
2. Contribute to 2.1. Support to team members are provided to ensure
workgroup workgroup goals are met
activities
2.2. Workgroup goals and tasks are contributed constructively
according to organizational requirements
2.3. Information relevant to work with workgroup is shared to
ensure designated goals are met
2.4. Strategies/opportunities for improvement of workgroup
are identified and planned in liaison with workgroup
3. Deal effectively 3.1. Differences in personal values and beliefs and their
with issues, importance in the development of relationships are
problems and respected
conflict
3.2. Any linguistic and cultural differences are identified in
communication styles and responded appropriately
3.3. Issues, problems and conflict encountered in the workplace
are identified
3.4. Assistance from workgroup members is sought when issues,
problems and conflict arise and possible ways of dealing
with them are suggested as appropriate or referred to the
appropriate person

Variable Range

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Responsibilities • Code of Conduct
and duties may • job description and employment arrangements
include: • organisation's policy relevant to work role
• skills, training and competencies
• supervision and accountability requirements including OHS
• team structures
Workgroup • coach/mentor
members may • other members of the organisation
include: • peers/work colleagues/team/enterprise
• supervisor or manager
Feedback on • formal/informal performance appraisals
performance • obtaining feedback from clients
may include: • obtaining feedback from supervisors and colleagues
• personal, reflective behaviour strategies
• routine organisational methods for monitoring service delivery
Support to team • explaining/clarifying
members may • helping colleagues
include: • problem-solving
• providing encouragement
• providing feedback to a team member
• undertaking extra tasks if necessary
Information to • acknowledging satisfactory performance
be shared may • acknowledging unsatisfactory performance
include: • assisting a colleague
• clarifying the organisation's preferred task completion
methods
• encouraging colleagues
• open communication channels
• workplace hazards, risks and controls
Strategies/oppor • career planning/development
tunities for • coaching, mentoring and/or supervision
improvement • formal/informal learning programs
may include: • internal/external training provision
• performance appraisals
• personal study

Evidence Guide
Critical aspects of Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:
Competence • providing support to team members to ensure goals are met
• seeking feedback from clients and/or colleagues and taking
appropriate action
• knowledge of appropriate conflict resolution techniques
Underpinning Demonstrates knowledge of:
Knowledge and • key provisions of relevant legislation from all levels of
Attitudes government that may affect aspects of business operations,

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 such as:
• anti-discrimination legislation
• ethical principles
• codes of practice
• occupational health and safety (OHS)
• organisational policies, plans and procedures
• workgroup member responsibilities and duties, and
relationship to individual responsibilities and duties
Underpinning Skills Demonstrates:
• literacy skills to read and understand the organisation's
policies and work procedures, to write simple instructions for
particular routine tasks and to interpret information gained
from correspondence
• communication skills to request advice, to receive feedback
and to work with a team
• technology skills to select and use technology appropriate to a
task
• Culturally appropriate communication skills to relate to people
from diverse backgrounds and people with diverse abilities.
Resources Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implication including work areas, materials and equipment, and to
information on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Assessment Methods Competency may be assessed through:
• Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
• Observation / Demonstration
Context of Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a
Assessment simulated work place setting.

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Occupational Standard: Basic Account Works Level II
Unit Title Use Business Technology
Unit Code EIS BAW2 03 0812
Unit Descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and
knowledge required to select, use and maintain a range of
business technology. This technology includes the effective use
of computer software to organise information and data.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Select and use 1.1. Appropriate technology and software applications are
technology selected to achieve the requirements of the task
1.2. Workspace, furniture and equipment are adjusted to suit
user ergonomic requirements
1.3. Technology is used according to organizational
requirements and in a way which promotes a safe work
environment
2. Process and 2.1. Files and records are identified, opened, generated or
organize data amended according to task and organizational requirements
2.2. Input devices are operated according to organizational
requirements
2.3. Data is stored appropriately and exit applications without
damage to or loss of, data
2.4. Manuals, training booklets and/or online help or help-desks
are used to overcome basic difficulties with applications
3. Maintain 3.1. Used technology consumables are identified and replaced
technology in accordance with manufacturer's instructions and
organizational requirements
3.2. Routine maintenance is carried out and/or arranged to
ensure equipment is maintained in accordance with
manufacturer's instructions and organizational requirements
3.3. Equipment faults are identified accurately and action is
taken in accordance with manufacturer's instructions or
report fault to designated person

Variable Range
Technology may • computer technology, such as laptops and personal
include: computers
• printers
• scanners
• photocopiers

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Software applications • email, internet
may include: • word processing, spreadsheet, database, accounting or
presentation packages
Organisational • correctly identifying and opening files
requirements may • legal and organisation policies, guidelines and requirements
include: • locating data
• log-on procedures
• manufacturer's guidelines
• OHS policies, procedures and programs
• saving and closing files
• storing data
Input devices may • Keyboard
include: • mouse
• numerical key pad
Storage of data may • appropriate storage/filing of hard copies of computer
include: generated documents
• storage in directories and sub-directories
• storage on CD-ROMs, hard and floppy disk drives or back-up
systems
Technology • back-up tapes
consumables may • CD-ROM
include: • floppy disks
• print heads
• printer ribbons and cartridges
• toner cartridges
• zip disks
Routine maintenance • in-house cleaning and servicing of equipment according to
may include: manufacturer's guidelines
• periodic servicing by qualified or manufacturer approved,
technician
• regular checking of equipment
• replacing consumables
Identifying equipment • checking repairs have been carried out
faults may include: • encouraging feedback from work colleagues
• keeping a log book of detected faults
• preparing a maintenance program
• regular back-ups of data
• regular OHS inspections
• routine checking of equipment

Evidence Guide
Critical aspects of Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:
Competence • selection and application of appropriate equipment and
software applications in relation to assigned task/s
• access, retrieval and storage of required data
• performance of basic maintenance on a range of office

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 equipment
Underpinning Demonstrates knowledge of:
Knowledge and • key provisions of relevant legislation from all levels of
Attitudes government that may affect aspects of business operations,
such as:
• anti-discrimination legislation
• ethical principles
• codes of practice
• occupational health and safety (OHS)
• organisational policies, plans and procedures, especially in
regard to file-naming and storage conventions
• organisational IT procedures including back-up and virus
protection procedures
• basic technical terminology in relation to reading help-files and
manuals
Underpinning Skills Demonstrates :
• literacy skills to identify work requirements; to understand and
process basic, relevant workplace information; and to follow
written instructions
• communication skills to request advice, to receive feedback
and to work with a team
• problem-solving skills to solve routine technology problems
Resources Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implication including work areas, materials and equipment, and to
information on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Assessment Methods Competency may be assessed through:
• Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
• Observation / Demonstration
Context of Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a
Assessment simulated work place setting.

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Occupational Standard: Basic Account Works Level II
Unit Title Process Customer Accounts
Unit Code EIS BAW2 04 0812
Unit Descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and
knowledge required to identify customer needs and process
customer financial accounts.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Identify customer 1.1. Requests for information on the range, options and features
account needs of account services available are addressed in a timely,
accurate and comprehensive manner, or referred if
necessary to other authorized personnel
1.2. Information is provided to customers to assist in the
selection of an appropriate product which outlines product
features, matches products to customer needs, describes
the cost of operation and the conditions of the accounts
1.3. Customers are assisted when completing relevant
documentation for selected services and products
2. Open customer 2.1. Potential account holders are interviewed to gather
account information required for the opening of accounts with
applicant identified for security purposes according to
organizational procedures
2.2. Information provided is assessed for accuracy and
sufficiency according to the standard organization
procedures
2.3. Completed documentation is verified for accuracy and
deposits are accepted ensuring that receipts and certificates
are issued
2.4. New applications and transactions are processed in
accordance with organization’s policies and procedures to
ensure the timely and accurate completion of the task
2.5. Information is provided to customer about the processes for
activating the account including the timeframe and
mechanisms for receiving transaction cards or deposit books
and the most cost effective way to use the account
3. Transfer or close 3.1. The account holder seeking to transfer or close an account
customer account is interviewed to gather the required information which is
assessed for accuracy and sufficiency according to the
standard organization procedures
3.2. Completed documentation is verified for accuracy and
applications for transfer or closure are processed in
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 accordance with organization’s policies and procedures to
ensure the timely and accurate completion of the task
3.3. Information about the finalization of the process is provided
in accordance with organization policies and procedures
4. Administer the 4.1. Standard organization processes and protocols are used to
process verify customer identity when collecting processed
documentation and cards from a branch
4.2. Customer queries or complaints about the operation of the
service are followed up with appropriate personnel according
to standard procedures
4.3. Reports are provided on account activity in line with
standard policies and procedures with any exception reports
responded to

Variable Range
Authorised personnel • dispute resolution officer
may include: • employees
• supervisors and managers
Information provided • accounts geared to the needs of particular groups such as:
to customer may customer deeming accounts
include descriptions youth accounts
of: • investment accounts
• retirement accounts
• savings accounts
Information required • amount of initial deposit
for opening accounts • other signatories to the account
may include: • primary account holder's:
name
address
contact details
• purpose for which the account will be used
• required links to other accounts held
Organisational • conducting the 100 point check of personal identification
procedures for • Identifying and matching customer with existing accounts held
customer within own financial institution.
identification may
include:
The accuracy and • authenticity of signatures
sufficiency of • checks against or links to existing customer account
information provided information
includes ensuring: • completeness of documentation
• provision of sufficient documentary evidence (points) to meet
the requirements for establishing a new account
Transaction • manual or electronic and may involve:

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processing may be: accurate data entry of transactions into relevant database
accurate completion of customer application forms and
transaction receipts
Customer account • Electronic Fund Transfer disputes
details may include: • electronic bill and other payments
• fees charged
• insurance
• investment, retirement savings
• payroll:
member chequeing
direct debit
• periodical payments
• transfers from other accounts
• visas and other plastic cards
Required information • account details to enable transfer of remaining funds
to transfer or close • details of possible complaints relating to the account
an account may • reasons for transfer or closure of accounts
include:

Evidence Guide
Critical aspects of Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:
Competence • thoroughly check customer account details and deal with
customers effectively following complaint and dispute
resolution policies and procedures where required
• implement customer account processing in accordance with
industry codes of practice and organisation policy
• maintain and use knowledge of range of products, features
and fees
Underpinning Demonstrates knowledge of:
Knowledge and • financial account products available and their features
Attitudes • policies and procedures in regard to customer account service
and techniques
• relevant industry codes of practice, including:
Consumer Credit Code
Financial Institutions (FI) Code
Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) Code of Conduct
• relevant legislation and statutory requirements, including:
Relevant Credit Reference Association
Financial Transaction Reports Act
Cheques and Payment Orders Act
• security checking procedures
• the operation and maintenance of equipment which may
include:
security equipment
transaction terminals
numerical display boards
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 calculators
scanners
Underpinning Skills Demonstrates :
• communication skills to:
determine and confirm customer account requirements,
using questioning and active listening as required
inform customers of account features and operation
resolve customer issues and conflicts
liaise with others, share information, listen and understand
use language and concepts appropriate to cultural
differences
• numeracy and IT skills to:
calculate premiums, repayment rates, etc
check transactions
access and use computer-based databases and systems
• problem solving skills to address customer account issues
• literacy skills to read documents and complete forms and
records accurately
• organisational skills, including the ability to plan and sequence
work
• teamwork skills to work cooperatively with others
• self-management skills for complying with organizational
procedures and requirements
Resources Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implication including work areas, materials and equipment, and to
information on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Assessment Methods Competency may be assessed through:
• Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
• Observation / Demonstration
Context of Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated
Assessment work place setting.

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Occupational Standard: Basic Account Works Level II
Unit Title Process Customer Transactions
Unit Code EIS BAW2 05 0812
Unit Descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and
knowledge required to process basic financial transactions for
customers in a retail financial organization.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Provide customer 1.1. Customer is greeted and served with respect and
service professionalism in accordance with the company service
standards and expectations
1.2. Customer is provided with information as required in a
timely, accurate and effective manner with any queries about
transactions answered fully and clearly to ensure customer
is appropriately informed
1.3. Transactions outside the knowledge or delegated authority
of the officer are referred to other personnel for resolution
as required
2. Process basic 2.1. Customer transactions are processed in an accurate and
financial timely manner using standard policies, procedures and
transactions systems
2.2. Documentation or systems entry to support transactions is
checked for accuracy and completeness and customer
account and transaction details maintained and verified
using correct procedures
2.3. Customer complaints and disputes are resolved or referred
to other authorized personnel and customer accounts are
rectified where necessary
2.4. Accurate reconciliation of subsidiary ledgers to general
ledger accounts is performed and fees appropriate to the
transaction are levied in accordance with standard
procedures
3. Administer the 3.1. Error records and exception reports are analyzed and
transaction
responded to according to standard procedures and within
process required timeframes
3.2. Activity reports monitoring the nature and level of transaction
activity are provided and database records or customer files
updated according to standard procedures and within
required timeframes
3.3. Customer records are stored safely, securely and in
accordance with standard processes and recognizing the

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 requirement to protect customer privacy and commercial
confidentiality

Variable Range
Information may be • account services, including:
related to: savings
retirement
superannuation
investment services
• processes for completing transactions including:
cash or non-cash transactions
cheques
debit/credit cards
• The interests of customer include knowledge of the changing
circumstances of the customer and how these contexts
influence customer needs in relation to financial, retirement,
investment and other services.
Authorised personnel • dispute resolution officer
may include: • employees
• supervisors and managers
Transactions may be • using manual or electronic systems
processed: • using the standard procedures and systems of the financial
services institution and may include:
bank cheques
credit card transactions
debits such as from:
savings accounts
cheque accounts
inward credits/outward payments
payroll deductions
Periodic payments.
The relevant financial • administrative and clerical systems
services • database and IT systems
organisation's • product and account and service range
policies, procedures • range of responsibility
and systems may • size, type and location of branch
relate or be • types of equipment used
influenced by:

Evidence Guide

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Critical aspects of Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:
Competence • thoroughly check customer account details
• interpret and comply with relevant legislation
• follow customer complaint and dispute resolution policies and
procedures
• Maintain and use knowledge of range of products, features
and fees.
Underpinning Demonstrates knowledge of:
Knowledge and • organisation products available and features
Attitudes • policies and procedures in regard to customer account service
and techniques
• relevant legislation and statutory requirements and industry
codes of practice including:
Consumer Credit Code
Credit Act
• security checking procedures
• the operation and maintenance of equipment which may
include:
security equipment
transaction terminals
numerical display boards
calculators
scanners
Underpinning Skills Demonstrates :
• communication skills to:
determine and confirm customer transaction requirements,
using questioning and active listening as required
resolve customer issues and conflicts
liaise with others, share information, listen and understand
use language and concepts appropriate to cultural
differences
• numeracy and IT skills to:
calculate transaction details
check transactions
access and use computer-based databases and systems
• problem solving and dispute resolution skills to address
customer transaction issues
• literacy skills to read documents and complete forms and
records accurately
• organisational skills, including the ability to plan and sequence
work
• teamwork skills to work cooperatively with others
• self-management skills for complying with organizational
procedures and requirements
Resources Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implication including work areas, materials and equipment, and to
information on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Assessment Methods Competency may be assessed through:

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 • Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
• Observation
Context of Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a
Assessment simulated work place setting.

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Occupational Standard: Basic Account Works Level II
Develop Understanding of the Ethiopian Financial System
Unit Title
and Markets
Unit Code EIS BAW2 06 0812
Unit Descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and
knowledge required to understand the financial systems and
markets operating in Ethiopia, including identifying the main
participants in financial markets, the role of the National Bank,
the impact of its decisions on business and consumers, key
factors that influence the Ethiopian economy and the role of
financial regulators.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Describe what is 1.1. Specific financial markets in Ethiopia are identified and
meant by the discussed
Ethiopian financial
markets 1.2. The purpose of financial markets and when they emerged
in Ethiopia are researched and discussed
1.3. The participants in the financial markets and the roles of
banks and financial institutions as financial intermediaries
are identified and their roles analyzed and discussed
2. Explain the 2.1. The role of the NBE as Ethiopia's central bank is
function and role researched and discussed and contrasted with other
of the National banking institutions
Bank of Ethiopia
(NBE) 2.2. The importance and effect of the NBE's monetary policy
on the Ethiopian economy and everyday consumers are
researched and discussed
3. Explain Ethiopia's 3.1. The various functions of money are explained and
monetary system society's motivations for holding money are outlined
3.2. The monetary cycle within the economy and on a global
scale and instruments traded on the short term money
market are described
3.3. The impact of increases and decreases in the money supply
and the importance of regulating the money supply of any
country is analyzed and discussed
4. Explain the key 4.1. The role and impact of global market situation and Federal
factors that and Regional State governments action on the economy are
influence the explored with reference to current events and issues
Ethiopian
economy 4.2. The impact of a change in domestic interest rates on
different sectors of the economy is analyzed and discussed
4.3. The impact of changes in consumer activity on the
Ethiopian economy is analyzed and discussed
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5. Describe the role 5.1. The main regulator of the financial system is identified
of regulators
5.2. The role of each regulator in protecting investors and
consumers and promoting confidence in the financial system
is explained using examples

Variable Range
Financial markets in • bond market
Ethiopia can include: • derivatives markets
• foreign exchange market
• money market including the short term money market
• options and futures markets
The purpose of • enabling participants to invest surplus funds by buying
financial markets securities
includes: • enabling participants to raise required funds by issuing
securities
Participants in the • banks and non-banking financial institutions
financial markets • investors:
may include: corporations
individuals
local and international governments
• speculators:
corporations
individuals
The role of the NBE • regulating banks and other financial institutions
includes: • maintaining financial stability and regulating the Ethiopian
Payments System
• managing government debt
• regulating the payments system
• setting and implementing monetary policy
The effect of the • changes in interest rates
NBE's monetary • flow on changes to employment, prices and production levels
policy may include: • increases or decreases in the supply of money in the
Ethiopian economy
• acting to avoid or minimise a systemic collapse of financial
institutions
• The role of the NBE in regulating the Ethiopian Payments
System may include:
fulfilling its regulatory responsibilities by controlling risks
and promoting efficiencies
participating in the financial system as banker to the
national payment system of government
providing facilities for final settlement of transactions
The different • as a means of exchange for acquiring goods and services
functions of money • indications of relative values between goods and services
may include: • measure of liquidity

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Motivations for • precautionary demand for money to pay future expenses
holding money may which may not be anticipated
include: • speculative demand for money to be able to take advantage
of future price changes in favour of the purchaser
• transactions demand for money to pay everyday predictable
expenses
Instruments traded • bills of exchange
on the short term • commercial bills
money market • government bills
include: • promissory notes
• treasury bills
Consumer activity • applications for home loans
may include: • purchase of private health insurance
• purchase of university education
• purchase or building of residential accommodation
• retail spending
• tourism within Ethiopia by Ethiopians
Main regulator in the • Financial Intelligence Centre
financial system may
include:

Evidence Guide
Critical aspects of Assessment requires evidence that the candidate ability to:
Competence • develop awareness of the features and roles of the
participants within the Ethiopian financial system and markets
• understand the monetary system
• Identify Ethiopia's financial regulators and their role.
Underpinning Demonstrates knowledge of:
Knowledge and • roles and relationships between participants within the
Attitudes Ethiopian financial services industry, including banks and
other financial intermediaries
• relevant and current awareness of the Ethiopian financial
system and markets, and the economic environment
Underpinning Skills Demonstrates
• communication skills to:
clearly explain Ethiopia's financial system and markets
use questioning to develop clear understanding
liaise with others, share information, listen and understand
use language and concepts appropriate to cultural
differences
• IT skills to use internet information
• literacy skills for interpreting relevant information
• learning skills to maintain knowledge of the Ethiopian financial
system
Resources Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implication including work areas, materials and equipment, and to
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 information on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Assessment Methods Competency may be assessed through:
• Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
• Observation / Demonstration
Context of Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a
Assessment simulated work place setting.

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Occupational Standard: Basic Account Works Level II
Unit Title Develop Understanding of Taxation
Unit Code EIS BAW2 07 0812
Unit Descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and
knowledge required to understand the role of taxation in the
Ethiopian economy, including why and how tax is levied and
collected, types of taxes paid by business and individuals and its
impact on investment choices.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Identify and 1.1. The purpose of taxation in the Ethiopian economy at the
discuss the role of local, Regional and Federal level and how this compares
taxation in the with other countries are explored and discussed
Ethiopian
economy 1.2. The various ways that tax is collected and from whom is
analyzed and discussed
1.3. The role of the Ethiopian Revenues and Customs
Authority (ERCA) is identified and discussed
1.4. What taxation revenue is used for is explained and related
to the wellbeing and lifestyle of Ethiopian citizens
2. Identify and 2.1. Key terminology used in direct taxation is identified and
discuss direct tax discussed
2.2. Tax declaration forms, Tax File Number (TFN) requirements
and rates of direct tax are identified and analyzed
2.3. How direct tax is assessed, tax returns completed and paid
is considered and discussed
2.4. Sources of ongoing information about direct tax in
Ethiopia are identified, accessed and discussed
3. Identify and 3.1. Key terminology used in indirect taxation is identified and
discuss indirect discussed
tax
3.2. The structure of business and how this affects taxation are
analyzed and discussed
3.3. How indirect tax is assessed and paid is considered and
discussed
3.4. Sources of ongoing information about indirect tax in
Ethiopia are identified, accessed and discussed
4. Identify and 3.1. Key terminology used in stamp duty taxation is identified and
discuss stamp discussed
duty tax
3.2. How stamp duty tax is assessed and paid is considered
and discussed
3.3. Sources of ongoing information about stamp duty tax in

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 Ethiopia are identified, accessed and discussed
5. Manage tax 4.1. How tax payers can determine their tax liability is
liability identified and discussed
4.2. Under or overpayment of tax and its implications are
analyzed and discussed

Variable Range
The purpose of • financing government activity
taxation includes but • maintaining equity in the national economy
is not limited to: • promoting efficiency where markets fail to control pollution or
health dangers
• social infrastructure
• social services
Ways that tax is • through regional and federal level taxes including:
collected include: direct tax:
Tax on Income from Employment / Personal Income
Tax
Business Profit Tax
Tax on Income from Rental of Buildings
Tax on Interest Income on Deposits
Dividend Income Tax
Tax on Income from Royalties
Tax on Income from Games of Chance
Tax on Gain of Transfer of certain Investment Property
Tax on Income from Rental of Property
Rendering of Technical Services outside Ethiopia
Agricultural Income Tax
Land Use Tax
indirect tax:
Turnover Tax
Excise Tax
Value Added Tax
Customs Duty
Stamp duty tax: instruments shall be chargeable with
stamp duty include:
Memorandum and articles of association of any
business
organization, cooperative or any other form of
association;
Award; Bonds; Warehouse bond;
Contract and agreements and memoranda;
Security deeds;
Collective agreement;
Contract of employment;
Lease, including sub-lease and transfer of similar
rights;
Notarial acts;

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 Power of attorney;
Documents of title to property.
The Ethiopian The Authority shall have the roles to:
Revenues and • establish and implement modem revenue assessment and
Customs Authority collection system;
(ERCA) roles • provide, based on rules of transparency and accountability,
include: efficient, equitable and quality service within the sector;
properly nforce incentives of tax exemptions given to investors
and ensure that such incentives are used for the intended
purposes;
• implement awareness .creation programs to promote a culture
of voluntary compliance of taxpayers in the discharge of their
tax obligations;
• carry out valuation of goods for the purpose of tax
assessment and determine and collect the taxes
• conduct study and research activities with greater emphasis to
Improve the enforcement of customs and tax laws, regulations
and directives and the collection of other revenues; and based
on the result of the study and research initiate laws and
policies and implement the same up an approval
• collect and analyze information necessary for the control of
import and export goods and the assessment and
determination of taxes; compile statistical data on criminal
offences relating to the sector, and disseminate the
information to others as may be necessary;
Taxation revenue • assistance to business and farming
may be used to • cultural and artistic resources and support
provide: • defence and border protection
• education
• environmental protection
• essential infrastructure such as:
roads
transport systems
public building
sport and recreation amenities
public housing
• foreign representation and trade promotion for Ethiopia
• health care
• justice systems
• public safety
• scientific and other research
• welfare, income and community support systems
Terminology used in • interest on deposits
taxation may include: • allowances
• assessable income
• capital gain/appreciation
• deductions
• Exempt threshold
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 • Assessment of Tax
• dividends
• gross income
• Higher Education Contribution Scheme
• taxable income
• Tax Evasion
• Withholding tax
Rates of tax and • Ethiopian Revenues and customs Authority (ERCA)
calculators can be publications and website
accessed from: • accountants and tax agents
Tax returns can be • accountant
completed by: • an individual
• tax agent
• on-line or in written form
Sources of ongoing • accountants and other financial services professionals
information may • Ethiopian Revenues and Customs Authority (ERCA)
include: • Industry associations and professional organisations
• Federal and Regional governments agencies
• Taxpayers
The structure of • sole trader: an individual trading on their own
business includes: • partnership: an association of people or entities carrying on a
business together, but not as a company
• trust: an entity that holds property or income for the benefit of
others
• company: a legal a legal entity separate from its shareholders
Tax is assessed • Business Activity Statements
through: • payroll
• allowable deductions
• capital gains
• financial adjustments such as:
write-offs
revaluations
profits and losses
superannuation payments
fringe benefits assessment
Tax payers can • assessing income:
determine their tax capital gains
liability by: employment
foreign
investment
rental property income
• assessing deductions:
allowable medical expenses and health insurance rebates
capital losses
dependent rebates
gifts and donations
rental property expenses

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 tax offsets
work related clothing expenses
work related education expenses
work related travel expenses
zone and overseas forces allowances
• lodging returns and paying governments:
land tax where applicable
payroll tax (rate varies by jurisdiction and depends on size
of payroll so many small business operators are exempt)
stamp duty on:
hire purchase agreements
insurance polices
leases and mortgages
motor vehicle purchases
property transfer
Under or • claiming interest on early payments that may be possible for
overpayment of tax certain tax categories such as:
may involve: income tax
Higher Education Contribution Scheme
amended assessments of earlier years
paying interest on overdue amounts

Evidence Guide
Critical aspects of Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:
Competence • analyse and clearly explain the role of taxation for tax payers
in Ethiopia
• analyse and critically evaluate taxation responsibilities and
their impact on personal financial management
• understand and apply the skills necessary to actively monitor
and assess taxation liabilities
Underpinning Demonstrates knowledge of:
Knowledge and • relevant government legislation relating to taxation
Attitudes • roles and relationships between government agencies
responsible for taxation, individuals and business
• sound knowledge of issues relating to taxation information
Underpinning Skills Demonstrates:
• communication skills to:
determine and confirm taxation purpose, application and
individual and business responsibilities, using questioning
and active listening as required
share information, listen and understand
use language and concepts appropriate to cultural
differences
• numeracy and IT skills to:
make basic personal income tax calculations
use a calculator
use internet information
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 literacy skills to read and interpret information from a variety
•
of sources
• research and analysis for accessing, interpreting and
managing information and determining where to find
professional financial services
• learning skills to maintain knowledge of taxation issues and
requirements
Resources Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implication including work areas, materials and equipment, and to
information on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Assessment Methods Competency may be assessed through:
• Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
• Observation / Demonstration
Context of Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a
Assessment simulated work place setting.

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Occupational Standard: Basic Account Works Level II
Unit Title Develop and Use a Personal Budget
Unit Code EIS BAW2 08 0812
Unit Descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and
knowledge required to develop, implement and monitor a
personal savings budget.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Analyze and 1.1 The role of budgeting in the lives of different groups and
discuss budgeting the importance of budgeting appropriately to meet expenses
as a financial tool are analyzed and discussed and related to different stages
of life
1.2 The importance of setting financial goals is analyzed and
discussed
1.3 Obstacles that might prevent financial goals being achieved
are analyzed and discussed with the types of behaviors
and skills required for successful budgeting explored and
analyzed
2. Develop a
2.1 All income and expenses for a six month period are
personal budget recorded to assist in estimating expenditure requirements
2.2 A spreadsheet is obtained or developed for recording all
budget information and established to record income and
expenditure for a relevant period of time
2.3 All sources of income and regular fixed expenses and
variable expenses for the specified period are identified
and listed in a personal budget using the budget
spreadsheet
2.4 Total expenses recorded are subtracted from the total
income to determine a surplus or deficit budget for the
specified period
2.5 Reasons for a deficit budget are explored if relevant and
ways to reduce expenses or increase income are
investigated
2.6 Allocation of surplus funds towards saving and meeting
identified financial goals is explored
3. Implement and 3.1 The budget is followed according to plan for a period of time
monitor the
personal budget 3.2 Actual expenses and income for the period are implemented
during which the budget are recorded and compared to
budgeted expenses and income with any differences in
budgeted and actual amounts looked at and the budget
modified where necessary
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 3.3 Handy hints are discussed for managing the personal
budget
3.4 Ongoing review of the budget is conducted to ensure it
remains relevant and to ensure updates are incorporated if
necessary

Variable Range
The different groups • families
who may budget may • governments
include: • individuals:
single
married
elderly
students
tourists, travelers
Different stages of • approaching and during retirement
life may include: • buying your first home
• moving out of home
• starting a family
• studying
Financial goals may • accumulating a set amount of money by a specified date in
include: the future for the purposes of:
purchasing assets
financing holidays, educational expenses, home
renovations and other known future expenses
establishing a deposit for an investment such as a home or
investment property
• aiming to repay existing debts and be debt free
• establishing a regular savings plan
• handling income and expenditure responsibly and avoiding
financial difficulties
Obstacles that might • being unemployed, particularly long term unemployed
prevent financial • insufficient income to afford items that are beyond the
goals being achieved individual's means
may include: • unexpected circumstances such as:
losing a job
falling ill
not being able to work
Behaviours and skills • controlled spending
required for • disciplined approach to money
successful budgeting • organisational skills
may include: • record keeping skills
Budget refers to: • a calculation of all projected income and expenditure for
period of time (e.g. on a weekly or monthly basis)
• showing all projections versus actual income and expenses

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 for the period and monitoring variances
A spreadsheet may: • be simple or complex depending upon the extent of the
individual's finances
• have one section for recording all money received as income
and another section for expenses both variable and fixed
• have a section to record the difference between income and
expenses for the period, this being the surplus or deficit
financial situation for the period
Sources of income • interest on investments, dividends
may include: • proceeds from sale of assets
• social security benefits, pensions, allowances, child
assistance
• wages, commission, bonuses, tips
Fixed expenses may • fees:
include: school and university fees
bank fees
• insurance
• loan repayments (if loan is based upon fixed interest rates)
such as:
personal loans
car loans
credit card debts
Higher Education Contribution Scheme
• public transport
• rent
• subscriptions to:
magazines
newspapers
clubs
• travel including public transport, petrol
Variable expenses • car maintenance
may include: • living expenses such as:
food
clothing
medical
• loan repayments if loan is based upon variable interest rates
• miscellaneous expenses such as:
gifts
recreation
entertainment
fines
• mobile telephone
• mortgage repayments
• utilities such as:
water
gas
electricity
telephone
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Ways to reduce • comparing prices for essential items
expenses may • monitoring use of utilities such as electricity, gas and water
include: • moving back home
• reducing expenditure on discretionary items such as
expensive clothing, magazines, eating out
• share accommodation
• using cheaper modes of transport
Ways to increase • combining part-time work with studying
income may include: • investigating eligibility for student allowances or other relevant
government benefits
• taking on a part-time job or holiday work
Handy hints may • how to avoid getting into financial difficulties
include discussing: • how to minimise fees and charges imposed by financial
institutions
• how to use credit card debt effectively
• the problems of impulsive buying, particularly when under
peer pressure
• ways to cut back on spending or change negative spending
habits

Evidence Guide
Critical aspects of Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:
Competence • explain the benefits and purposes of budgeting
• prepare a budget spreadsheet
• explain the difference between fixed and variable expenses
• prepare and implement a personal budget
Underpinning Demonstrates knowledge of:
Knowledge and • principles of budgeting
Attitudes • role of credit and savings in establishing personal wealth
• understanding of the financial institutions and their savings
products
Underpinning Skills Demonstrates:
• communication skills to:
clearly explain budgeting principles
use questioning to develop clear understanding
liaise with others, share information, listen and understand
use language and concepts appropriate to cultural
differences
• numeracy and IT skills to:
calculate interest and loan repayments and surplus or
deficit funds
use a calculator
use internet information
• literacy skills for interpreting relevant information
• learning skills to maintain knowledge of budgeting and saving
techniques
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Resources Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implication including work areas, materials and equipment, and to
information on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Assessment Methods Competency may be assessed through:
• Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
• Observation / Demonstration
Context of Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated
Assessment work place setting.

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Occupational Standard: Basic Account Works Level II
Unit Title Develop and Use a Savings Plan
Unit Code EIS BAW2 09 0812
Unit Descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and
knowledge required to develop and implement a savings plan to
achieve identified goals, including identifying savings goals,
understanding the role of the savings plan, the risk/return
relationship and how to determine appropriate savings vehicles to
maximise savings.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Discuss the place 1.1 The impact of increasingly high cost of living in society is
of saving and discussed using examples from the domestic environment
investing today
1.2 Increasing levels of consumer debt in Ethiopia are
discussed with reference to relevant current issues
1.3 The importance of setting financial goals and developing a
saving and investment plan at different stages of an
individual's life is analyzed and discussed
1.4 Different attitudes to savings and investment are
analyzed and discussed and the individual's own spending
habits are explored
2. Understand risk 2.1 The concept of risk and risk versus return is explained and
as it relates to demonstrated
saving and
investing 2.2 An individual's risk profile is determined based on current
and future requirements and the individual's level of risk
aversion
2.3 The impact of inflation on the earnings power of money is
identified, assessed and discussed
3. Develop your own 3.1 Personal savings goals are identified and quantified into
savings plan dollar amounts and arranged in order of priority
3.2 A personal budget is developed to reveal funds available to
contribute towards savings goals
3.3 The range of financial product options available to
maximize earnings on savings are investigated and the most
appropriate is selected according to own requirements
4. Implement your 4.1 The requirements to open an account and provide
own savings plan evidence of personal identity are researched and steps
taken to gather the necessary documentation
4.2 Relevant savings accounts or other investigated financial
products are opened and the savings plan implemented and

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 monitored for a short period of time
4.3 Adjustments to the savings goal are made where it is
realized that the goal is unattainable

Variable Range
Consumer debt may • credit card debt
refer to: • mobile telephone debt
• mortgages on residential and investment properties
• personal loans to purchase:
motor vehicles
travel
domestic white goods
• store credit
• student loans including the Higher Education Contribution
Scheme
Financial goals may • accumulating a set amount of money by a specified date in
include: the future for the purposes of:
purchasing assets
financing holidays, educational expenses, home
renovations and other known future expenses
establishing a deposit for an investment such as a home or
investment property
• aiming to repay existing debts and be debt free
• establishing a regular savings plan
• handling income and expenditure responsibly and avoiding
financial difficulties
Attitudes to savings • believe it is essential in order to manage their money and
and investment differ achieve future financial goals
and may encompass • lack interest in or the discipline to save and therefore live from
those who: one pay packet to the next
• occasionally think about saving but who do not take active
steps to save
Risk refers to: • the level of uncertainty associated with a particular savings or
investment product
The concept of risk • the higher the risk of the investment, the higher the expected
versus return refers return
to the general truth • the lower the risk of the investment, the lower the expected
that: return
Risk profile refers to: • the level of risk an individual is comfortable with when
investing the money.
Inflation refers to: • the cost of living, indicated by the inflation rate
• the percentage change in the Consumer Price Index which is
a quarterly survey of the retail price of a basket of goods and
services consumed by the general population.
Goals need to be: • specific
• measurable

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 • achievable
• realistic
• timely
Product options may • basic savings account
include: • cash management trusts
• fixed term deposits
• investments in debentures and secured and unsecured stock
• online bank accounts offering higher rates of return
Requirements to • account keeping fees, ongoing fees and charges and other
consider when non-government fees and charges
selecting a financial • additional services offered
product for savings • ease of access to funds
or investment may • level of risk involved
include: • locality of the institution
• minimum opening balance required
• potential tax implications
• rate of interest earned
• reputation of the financial institution
• term to maturity
The requirements to • Kebele/woreda ID cards;
open an account • Farmers associations’ ID cards;
include providing • Employment and pension ID cards;
personal • School, college and university ID cards;
identification from a • Driver’s/operator’s licenses;
range of sources • Tax identification ID card;
which may comprise • Passports;
but not limited to:
• Work or residence permits; and
• Foreign-nationals-of-Ethiopian-origin ID card, together with a
valid passport.
• Ethiopian Community ID.

Evidence Guide
Critical aspects of Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:
Competence • understand risk and return in relation to savings and
investment
• set specific, measurable, realistic, and timely financial goals
• calculate amount needed to achieve identified financial goals
• develop a basic savings plan based on surplus income
• explain the differences between basic financial products used
to maximise savings
Underpinning Demonstrates knowledge of:
Knowledge and • principles of budgeting
Attitudes • role of budgeting and savings in establishing personal wealth
• understanding of the financial institutions and their savings
products

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Underpinning SkillsDemonstrates:
• communication skills to:
clearly explain personal budgeting and savings plans
use questioning to develop clear understanding
liaise with others, share information, listen and understand
use language and concepts appropriate to cultural
differences
• numeracy and IT skills to:
calculate interest and surplus or deficit funds
use a calculator
use internet information
• literacy skills for interpreting relevant information
• learning skills to maintain knowledge of budgeting and saving
techniques
Resources Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implication including work areas, materials and equipment, and to
information on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Assessment Methods Competency may be assessed through:
• Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
• Observation / Demonstration
Context of Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a
Assessment simulated work place setting.

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Occupational Standard: Basic Account Works Level II
Unit Title Develop Understanding of Debt and Consumer Credit
Unit Code EIS BAW2 10 0812
Unit Descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and
knowledge required to understand the functions and implications
of different forms of credit and the strategies and methods to
make appropriate and effective decisions regarding the
management of personal debt and the use of credit facilities.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Identify and 1.1 The concepts and terminology of credit provided by a
discuss the role of financial institute and debt incurred by a borrower are
credit in society analyzed and discussed
1.2 The historical and current role of consumer credit within
the society is identified and advantages and
disadvantages of credit use are analyzed and discussed
1.3 The impact of consumer debt on the national economy is
analyzed and discussed
2. Identify and 2.1 Types of credit facilities used by businesses are analyzed
discuss the range and compared
of credit options
available 2.2 Types of credit facilities used by individuals are analyzed
and compared
2.3 Differences between unsecured and secured loans are
analyzed and discussed
2.4 Implications of default on secured loans are explained to
the client
3. Identify and 3.1 Fees and costs associated with different types of credit
discuss costs of options are analyzed and compared
using credit
3.2 The features and associated risks of fixed versus variable
interest rates are analyzed and compared
3.3 Ways to compare advertised interest rates and the
effects of fees and charges are analyzed and discussed
4. Analyze and 4.1 Ways are analyzed and discussed to avoid excessive or
discuss the unmanageable debt
effective use of
consumer credit 4.2 Strategies to minimize fees on credit are identified and
discussed
4.3 The importance of meeting minimum payments on credit
cards is analyzed and discussed
4.4 Ways to avoid credit card fraud are identified, analyzed

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 and discussed
5. Manage personal
5.1 The role of credit reference agencies is analyzed and
credit rating and discussed
history
5.2 The purpose and use of credit reference reports in
assessing loan applications is analyzed and discussed
5.3 Implications of establishing a poor credit history are
analyzed and discussed
5.4 The right to access and methods of obtaining own credit
reference report are analyzed and discussed

Variable Range
The role of consumer • Enabling approved applicants the ability to purchase items
credit includes: (goods and/or services) where the cost of the item exceeds
current savings available.
Advantages and • advantages:
disadvantages of obtain and can use purchased item immediately
credit may include: minimizes the need to carry cash or write cheques
allows for installment payments on expensive items
convenient form of payment when travelling, especially
overseas
• disadvantages:
may increase cost of items purchased due to interest
accrued
usually attracts other fees such as account servicing fees
can lead to compulsive buying habits
creates a false sense of wealth
Consumer credit • fixed:
facilities may include: personal loans
leases including mobile phones, cars, business premises,
office equipment including personal computers
hire purchase
'buy now, pay later' schemes
• revolving:
credit cards
store cards
overdraft
Differences between • a secured loan is supported by an underlying asset while an
unsecured and unsecured loan is not
secured loans • unsecured loans attract higher interest rates due to increased
include: risk to the lending institution
Implications of • any shortfall in sale of repossessed asset against outstanding
default on secured loan amount must be paid by borrower
loans include: • repossession of the underlying asset by the lending institution

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Fees and costs • account servicing fees
associated with • credit purchase fees
different credit • late payment fees
options may include: • loan establishment fees
• withdrawing from a foreign Automatic Teller Machine (i.e. the
ATM of a lending institution other than your own)
Fees and costs may • manually, comparing fees and costs drawn from tables and
be analyzed and charts provided by financial institutions and analyzed using a
compared using: calculator
• online, web-based, calculation tools
• software applications such as spreadsheets
Ways to compare • informing the client of the 'comparison rate' which includes all
advertised interest associated fees and charges
rates may include:
Strategies to • consolidating savings and credit facilities with the one
minimize fees on institution where account servicing fees can be cancelled out
credit may include: • knowing how many free transactions come with the card
• paying the minimum monthly installment on time
Ways to avoid credit • not disclosing Personal Identification Number (PIN) to anyone
card fraud include: • selecting a PIN only the card holder would know
• signing the back of the credit card
Credit reference • reports established and maintained by credit reference
reports refers to: agencies which record all negative events (i.e. defaults) listed
by creditors against debtors
Implications of • higher interest rate penalties
establishing a poor • inability to obtain finance in the future
credit history may • may disadvantage applications for rental accommodation
include: • necessity to obtain guarantor in future loans
Methods of obtaining • writing, emailing or telephoning the relevant agency
own credit reference requesting a copy of your file, having provided relevant details
file may include: to identify self

Evidence Guide
Critical aspects of Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:
Competence • analyze and clearly explain the role of credit within the
community
• analyze and clearly explain the different types of consumer
credit options currently available
• analyze and clearly explain the associated implications and
risks of the various credit schemes available, as well as the
implication of establishing a poor credit reference history
Underpinning Demonstrates knowledge of:
Knowledge and • principles of lending and credit
Attitudes • role of credit in society
• the role of financial institutions, regulatory bodies, credit
reference agencies and consumer advisory bodies that are
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 involved in the provision and management of credit
Underpinning Skills Demonstrates:
• communication skills to:
clearly explain debt and credit implications
use questioning to develop clear understanding
liaise with others, share information, listen and understand
use language and concepts appropriate to cultural
differences
• numeracy and IT skills to:
calculate credit costs and payments
use a calculator
use internet information
• literacy skills for interpreting relevant information
• learning skills to maintain knowledge of credit issues and
management
Resources Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implication including work areas, materials and equipment, and to
information on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Assessment Methods Competency may be assessed through:
• Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
• Observation / Demonstration
Context of Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated
Assessment work place setting.

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Occupational Standard: Basic Account Works Level II
Unit Title Participate in Workplace Communication
Unit Code EIS BAW2 11 0812
Unit Descriptor This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to
gather, interpret and convey information in response to workplace
requirements.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Obtain and 1.1 Specific and relevant information is accessed from
convey workplace appropriate sources
information 1.2 Effective questioning , active listening and speaking skills are
used to gather and convey information
1.3 Appropriate medium is used to transfer information and ideas
1.4 Appropriate non- verbal communication is used
1.5 Appropriate lines of communication with supervisors and
colleagues are identified and followed
1.6 Defined workplace procedures for the location and storage of
information are used
1.7 Personal interaction is carried out clearly and concisely

2. Participate in 2.1 Team meetings are attended on time

workplace 2.2 Own opinions are clearly expressed and those of others are
meetings and listened to without interruption
discussions
2.3 Meeting inputs are consistent with the meeting purpose and
established protocols
2.4 Workplace interactions are conducted in a courteous
manner
2.5 Questions about simple routine workplace procedures and
matters concerning working conditions of employment are
asked and responded to
2.6 Meetings outcomes are interpreted and implemented

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3. Complete relevant 3.1 Range of forms relating to conditions of employment are
work related completed accurately and legibly
documents 3.2 Workplace data is recorded on standard workplace forms and
documents
3.3 Basic mathematical processes are used for routine
calculations
3.4 Errors in recording information on forms/ documents are
identified and properly acted upon
3.5 Reporting requirements to supervisor are completed
according to organizational guidelines

Variable Range
Appropriate sources May include but not limited to:
• Team members
• Suppliers
• Trade personnel
• Local government
• Industry bodies
Medium May include but not limited to:
• Memorandum
• Circular
• Notice
• Information discussion
• Follow-up or verbal instructions
• Face to face communication
Storage May include but not limited to:
• Manual filing system
• Computer-based filing system
Protocols May include but not limited to:
• Observing meeting
• Compliance with meeting decisions
• Obeying meeting instructions
Workplace May include but not limited to:
interactions • Face to face
• Telephone
• Electronic and two way radio
• Written including electronic, memos, instruction and forms,
non-verbal including gestures, signals, signs and diagrams
Forms May include but not limited to:
• Personnel forms, telephone message forms, safety reports

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Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Demonstrates skills and knowledge in:
Competency • Prepared written communication following standard format of
the organization
• Accessed information using communication equipment
• Made use of relevant terms as an aid to transfer information
effectively
• Conveyed information effectively adopting the formal or
informal communication
Underpinning Demonstrate knowledge of:
Knowledge and • Effective communication
Attitudes
• Different modes of communication
• Written communication
• Organizational policies
• Communication procedures and systems
• Technology relevant to the enterprise and the individual’s
work responsibilities
Underpinning Skills Demonstrate skills to:
• Follow simple spoken language
• Perform routine workplace duties following simple written
notices
• Participate in workplace meetings and discussions
• Complete work related documents
• Estimate, calculate and record routine workplace measures
• Do basic mathematical processes of addition, subtraction,
division and multiplication
• relate to people of social range in the workplace
• Gather and provide information in response to workplace
Requirements
Resource Implications Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
including work areas, materials and equipment, and to
information on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Methods of Competence may be assessed through:
Assessment • Interview / Written Test
• Observation / Demonstration with Oral Questioning
Context of Competence may be assessed in the work place or in a
Assessment simulated work place setting.

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Occupational Standard: Basic Account Works Level II
Unit Title Work in Team Environment
Unit Code EIS BAW2 12 0812
Unit Descriptor This unit covers the skills, knowledge and attitudes to identify role
and responsibility as a member of a team.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Describe team 1.1 The role and objective of the team are identified from
role and scope available sources of information
1.2 Team parameters, reporting relationships and responsibilities
are identified from team discussions and appropriate external
sources

2. Identify own role 2.1 Individual role and responsibilities within the team
and responsibility environment are identified
within team 2.2 Roles and responsibility of other team members are identified
and recognized
2.3 Reporting relationships within team and external to team are
identified
3. Work as a team 3.1 Effective and appropriate forms of communications used and
member interactions undertaken with team members who contribute
to known team activities and objectives
3.2 Effective and appropriate contributions are made to
complement team activities and objectives, based on
individual skills and competencies and workplace context
3.3 Protocols are observed in reporting using standard operating
procedures
3.4 Contribute to the development of team work plans based on
an understanding of team’s role and objectives and individual
competencies of the members.

Variable Range
Role and objective of May include but not limited to:
team • Work activities in a team environment with enterprise or
specific sector
• Limited discretion, initiative and judgment maybe demonstrated
on the job, either individually or in a team environment
Sources of May include but not limited to:
information • Standard operating and/or other workplace procedures
• Job procedures
• Machine/equipment manufacturer’s specifications and

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 instructions
• Organizational or external personnel
• Client/supplier instructions
• Quality standards
• OHS and environmental standards
Workplace context May include but not limited to:
• Work procedures and practices
• Conditions of work environments
• Legislation and industrial agreements
• Standard work practice including the storage, safe handling
and disposal of chemicals
• Safety, environmental, housekeeping and quality guidelines

Evidence Guide
Critical aspects of Demonstrates skills and knowledge in:
competence • Operated in a team to complete workplace activity
• Worked effectively with others
• Conveyed information in written or oral form
• Selected and used appropriate workplace language
• Followed designated work plan for the job
• Reported outcomes
Underpinning Demonstrate knowledge of:
Knowledge and • Communication process
Attitude
• Team structure
• Team roles
• Group planning and decision making
Underpinning Skills Demonstrate skills to:
• Communicate appropriately, consistent with the culture of the
workplace
Resource Implications Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
including work areas, materials and equipment, and to
information on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Methods of Competence may be assessed through:
Assessment • Interview / Written Test
• Observation / Demonstration with Oral Questioning
Context of Competence may be assessed in the work place or in a
Assessment simulated work place setting.

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Occupational Standard: Basic Account Works Level II
Unit Title Develop Business Practice
Unit Code EIS BAW2 13 0812
Unit Descriptor This unit specifies the outcomes required to establish a business
operation from a planned concept. It includes researching the
feasibility of establishing a business operation, planning the
setting up of the business, implementing the plan and reviewing
operations once commenced.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Identify business 1.1 Business opportunities are investigated and identified

opportunity 1.2 Feasibility study is undertaken to determine likely business
viability
1.3 Market research on product or service is undertaken
1.4 Assistance with feasibility study of specialist and relevant
parties is sought as required
1.5 Impact of emerging or changing technology including e-
commerce, on business operations are evaluated
1.6 Practicability of business opportunity is assessed in line with
perceived risks, returns sought and resources available
1.7 Business plan is completed for operation
2. Identify personal 2.1 Financial and business skills available are identified and
business skills taken into account when business opportunities are
researched
2.2 Personal skills/attributes are assessed and matched
against those perceived as necessary for a particular
business opportunity
2.3 Business risks are identified and assessed according to
resources available and personal preferences
3. Plan for 3.1 Business structure and operations are determined and
establishment of documented
business
operation 3.2 Procedures are developed and documented to guide
operations
3.3 Financial backing is secured for business operation
3.4 Business legal and regulatory requirements are identified
and complied
3.5 Human and physical resources required to commence
business operation are determined

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 3.6 Recruitment strategies are developed and implemented
4. Implement 4.1 Marketing of business operation is undertaken
establishment
plan 4.2 Physical and human resources are obtained to implement
business operation
4.3 Operational unit is established to support and coordinate
business operation
4.4 Monitoring process is developed and implemented for
managing operation
4.5 Legal documents are carefully maintained and relevant
records are kept and updated to ensure validity and
accessibility
4.6 Contractual procurement rights for goods and services
including contracts with relevant people, negotiated and
secured as required in accordance with the business plan
4.7 Options for leasing/ownership of business premises
identified and contractual arrangements are completed in
accordance with the business plan
5. Review 5.1 Review process for implementation of business operation is
implementation developed and implemented
process
5.2 Improvements in business operation and associated
management process are identified
5.3 Identified improvements are implemented and monitored for
effectiveness

Variable Range
Business May include but not limited to:
opportunities • expected financial viability
• skills of operator
• amount and types of finance available
• returns expected or required by owners
• likely return on investment
• finance required
• lifestyle issues
Business viability May include but not limited to:
• opportunities available
• market competition
• timing/ cyclical considerations
• skills available
• resources available
• location and/ or premises available
• risk related to a particular business opportunity, especially
• in regard to Occupational Health and Safety and
• environmental considerations
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Specialist and May include but not limited to:
relevant parties • Chamber of commerce
• Financial planners and financial institution representatives,
business planning specialists and marketing specialists
• accountants
• lawyers and providers of legal advice
• government agencies
• industry/trade associations
• online gateways
• business brokers/business consultants
Personal May include but not limited to:
skills/attributes • technical and/ or specialist skills
• business knowledge and skills
• entrepreneurship
• willingness to take risks
Business risks May include but not limited to:
• occupational health and safety and environmental
• considerations
• relevant legislative requirements
• security of investment
• market competition
• security of premises/ location
• supply and demand
• resources available
Human and May include but not limited to:
physical resources • software and hardware
• office premises
• communications equipment
• specialist services through outsourcing, contracting and
• consultancy
• staff
• vehicles
Operational unit May include but not limited to:
• office location staffed with required personnel and equipped to
service and support business
• home-based site or other location such as leased or owned
property
Legal documents May include but not limited to:
• partnership agreements, constitution documents, statutory
books for companies (Register of Members, Register of
Directors and Minute Books), Certificate of Incorporation,
Franchise Agreements and financial documentation, appropriate
software for financial records
• recordkeeping including personnel, financial, taxation, OHS and
environmental
Contracts with May include but not limited to:
relevant people • owners, suppliers, employees, landlords, agents, distributors,

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 customers or any person with whom the business has, or seeks
to have, a performance-based relationship

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Demonstrates skills and knowledge in:
Competence • that a business operation has been planned and implemented
from initial research into feasibility of the business and
completion of the plan, through to implementing the plan and
commencing operations
• the ability to evaluate the results of research and assess the
likely viability and practicability of a business opportunity,
taking into account the current business/market climate and
resources available
Underpinning Demonstrate knowledge of:
Knowledge and • Federal and regional government legislative requirements
Attitudes affecting business operations, especially in regard to
occupational health and safety (OHS), equal employment
opportunity (EEO), industrial relations and anti-discrimination
• Technical or specialist skills relevant to the business operation
• Financing options
• Business systems and operations
• Relevant marketing, management, sales and financial
concepts
• Methods for researching business opportunities
• Principles of risk management relevant to the business
• Methods of identifying relevant specialist services to
complement the business
• Forms and administrative systems
• Services available and charges
• Planning and control systems (sales,
• Advertising and promotion, distribution and logistics
• Financial recording systems
• Legal rights and responsibilities
• Record keeping duties
• Operational factors relating to the business (provision of
professional services, products)
Underpinning Skills Demonstrate skills of:
• Literacy skills to interpret legal requirements, company policies
and procedures and immediate, day-to-day demands
• Marketing skills
• Business planning skills
• Entrepreneurial skills
• Problem-solving skills
• OHS skills
• Time management skills
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 • Belief in services and products offered by the business
• Communication skills including questioning, clarifying,
reporting, and giving and receiving constructive feedback
• Technical and analytical skills to interpret business documents,
reports and financial statements and projections
• Ability to relate to people from a range of social, cultural and
ethnic backgrounds and physical and mental abilities
• Problem solving skills to develop contingency plans
• Using computers and software packages to record and
manage data and to produce reports
• Literacy skills to enable interpretation of business information,
numeracy skills for data analysis to aid research
• Research skills to identify a business opportunity and to
conduct a feasibility study
• Analytical skills to assess personal attributes and to identify
business risks
• Observation skills for identifying appropriate people, resources
and to monitor work
Resource Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implications including work areas, materials and equipment, and to information
on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Methods of Competence may be assessed through:
Assessment • Interview / Written Test
• Observation / Demonstration with Oral Questioning
Context of Competence may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated
Assessment work place setting.

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Occupational Standard: Basic Account Works Level II
Unit Title Apply Continuous Improvement Processes (Kaizen)
Unit Code EIS BAW2 14 1012
Unit Descriptor This unit of competence covers the exercise of good workplace
practice and effective participation in quality improvement
teams. Personnel are required to ensure the quality and
integrity of their own work, detect non-conformances and work
with others to suggest improvements in productivity and quality.

Elements Performance Criteria

Satisfy quality 1.1 Information on quality system requirements is accessed

system for own job function
requirements in
1.2 Quality control data is recorded and reported in
daily work accordance with quality system
1.3 Quality control procedures are followed to ensure
products, or data, are of a defined quality as an aid to
acceptance or rejection
1.4 Non-conformances or problems are recognized and
reported
1.5 Work is conducted in accordance with sustainable
energy work practices
1.6 Sustainable energy principles and work practices are
promoted to other workers
Analyze 2.1 Current work practices, procedures and process or
opportunities for equipment performance are compared with requirements
corrective and/or and/or historical data or records
optimization action 2.2 Variances that indicate abnormal or sub-optimal
performance are recognized
2.3 Batch and/or historical records are collected and/or
evaluated to determine possible causes for sub-optimal
performance
2.4 Appropriate quality improvement tools and techniques
are used to rank the probabilities of possible causes
Recommend 3.1 Causes are analyzed to predict likely impacts of changes
corrective and/or and decide on the appropriate actions
optimization actions 3.2 Required changes are identified to standards and
procedures and training
3.3 Recommendations are reported to designated personnel
Participate in the 4.1 Approved actions and monitor performance following
implementation of changes are implemented to evaluate results
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 recommended 4.2 Changes to systems and procedures are implemented to
actions eliminate possible causes
4.3 Outcomes of actions are documented and communicated
to relevant personnel
Participate in the 5.1 All relevant features of work practice are reviewed to
development of identify possible contributing factors leading to sub-
continuous optimal performance
improvement 5.2 Options are identified for removing or controlling the risk
strategies of sub-optimal performance
5.3 The adequacy of current controls, quality methods and
systems are assessed
5.4 Quality improvement opportunities are identified to
continuously improve performance
5.5 Recommendations are developed for continual
improvements of work practices, methods, procedures
and equipment effectiveness
5.6 Appropriate personnel are consulted to refine
recommendations before implementation of approved
improvement strategies
5.7 Outcomes of strategies are documented and
communicated to relevant personnel

Variable Range
Quality control May include but not limited to:
procedures • standards imposed by regulatory and licensing bodies
• enterprise quality procedures
• working to a customer brief or batch card and associated
quality procedures
• checklists to monitor job progress against agreed time, costs
and quality standards
• preparation of sampling plans
• the use of hold points to evaluate conformance
• the use of inspection and test plans to check compliance
Sustainable energy May include but not limited to:
principles and work • examining work practices that use excessive electricity
practices • switching off equipment when not in use
• regularly cleaning filters
• insulating rooms and buildings to reduce energy use
• recycling and reusing materials wherever practicable
• minimizing process waste
Quality improvement May include but not limited to:
tools and techniques • run charts, control charts, histograms and scatter grams to
present routine quality control data

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 • plan, do, check, act (PDCA)
• Ishikawa fishbone diagrams and cause and effect diagrams
• logic tree
• similarity/difference analysis
• Pareto charts and analysis
• force field/strength weakness opportunities threats (SWOT)
analysis
Reporting May include but not limited to:
• verbal responses
• data entry into laboratory or enterprise database
• brief written reports using enterprise proformas
Relevant personnel May include but not limited to:
• supervisors, managers and quality managers
• administrative, laboratory and production personnel
• internal/external contractors, customers and suppliers

Quality improvement May include but not limited to:

opportunities • production processes
• hygiene and sanitation procedures
• reductions in waste and re-work
• laboratory layout and work flow
• safety procedures
• communication with customers
• methods for sampling, testing and recording data

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Demonstrates skills and knowledge in:
Competence • use the enterprise's quality systems and business goals as a
basis for decision making and action
• apply all relevant procedures and regulatory requirements to
ensure the quality and integrity of the products/services or
data provided
• apply and promote sustainable energy principles and work
practices
• detect non-conforming products or services in the work area
• follow enterprise procedures for documenting and reporting
information about quality
• contribute effectively within a team to recognize and
recommend improvements in productivity and quality
• apply effective problem solving strategies
• implement and monitor improved practices and procedures
Underpinning Demonstrates knowledge of:
Knowledge and • specifications for laboratory products and services in the
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Attitudes candidate's work area
• quality requirements associated with the individual's job
function and/or work area
• scientific and technical knowledge underpinning the
processes, procedures, equipment and instrumentation
associated with the candidate's work tasks and duties
• workplace procedures associated with the candidate's
regular technical duties
• sustainable energy principles
• relevant health, safety and environment requirements
• layout of the enterprise, divisions and laboratory
• organizational structure of the enterprise
• lines of communication
• role of laboratory services to the enterprise and customers
• methods of making/recommending improvements
• Standards, procedures and/or enterprise requirements
Underpinning Skills Demonstrates skills to:
• Apply problem solving techniques and strategies
• apply statistical analysis and statistical sampling procedures
• detect non-conforming products or services in the work area
• document and report information about quality
• contribute effectively within a team to recognize and
recommend improvements in productivity and quality
• implement and monitor improved practices and procedures
• organize and prioritize activities and items
• read and interpret documents describing procedures
• record activities and results against templates and other
prescribed formats
• work with others
Resources Implication Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
including work areas, materials and equipment, and to
information on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Methods of Competence may be assessed through:
Assessment • Interview / Written Test
• Observation / Demonstration with Oral Questioning
Context of Competence may be assessed in the work place or in a
Assessment simulated work place setting.

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Sector: Economic Infrastructure
Sub-Sector: Business and Finance

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 Acknowledgement

We wish to extend thanks and appreciation to the many representatives of business,

industry, academe and government agencies who donated their time and expertise

to the development of this occupational standard.

We would like also to express our appreciation to the Staff and Experts of Federal

TVET Agency, Ministry of Education (MoE) who made the development of this

occupational standard possible.

This occupational standard was developed in August 2012 at Bishoftu, Debre Zeit

Management Institute.

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