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Control Proporcional

Proportional control is a type of linear feedback control system where a correction is applied to the controlled variable proportional to the difference between the set point and process value. It is more complex than an on-off control system but simpler than a PID control system. Proportional control overcomes instability issues that can occur with on-off control by modulating the output to apply correction as fast as possible with optimal gain. However, it cannot eliminate residual error, so a PI controller was developed using proportional and integral terms to eliminate gross and residual offset errors over time. The proportional band is the inverse of proportional gain and is often used

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Guadalupe Peña
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37 views5 pages

Control Proporcional

Proportional control is a type of linear feedback control system where a correction is applied to the controlled variable proportional to the difference between the set point and process value. It is more complex than an on-off control system but simpler than a PID control system. Proportional control overcomes instability issues that can occur with on-off control by modulating the output to apply correction as fast as possible with optimal gain. However, it cannot eliminate residual error, so a PI controller was developed using proportional and integral terms to eliminate gross and residual offset errors over time. The proportional band is the inverse of proportional gain and is often used

Uploaded by

Guadalupe Peña
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PROPORTIONAL CONTROL.

Proportional control is a type of linear feedback control system in which a correction


is applied to the controlled variable which is proportional to the difference between
the desired value (set point - SP) and the measured value (Process Value - PV).
Two classic mechanical examples are the toilet bowl float proportioning valve and
the fly-ball governor.
The proportional control system is more complex than an on-off control system like a
bi-metallic domestic thermostat, but simpler than a proportional-integral-derivative
(PID) control system used in something like an automobile cruise control. On-off
control will work where the overall system has a relatively long response time, but
can result in instability if the system being controlled has a rapid response time.
Proportional control overcomes this by modulating the output to the controlling
device, such as a control valve at a level which avoids instability, but applies
correction as fast as practicable by applying the optimum quantity of proportional
gain.
A drawback of proportional control is that it cannot eliminate the residual SP-PV
error, as it requires an error to generate a proportional output. To overcome this the
PI controller was devised, which uses a proportional term (P) to remove the gross
error, and an integral term (I) to eliminate the residual offset error by integrating the
error over time to produce an "I" component for the controller output.
In some systems there are practical limits to the range of the manipulated variable
(MV). For example, a heater can be off or fully on, or a valve can be closed or fully
open. Adjustments to the gain simultaneously alter the range of error values over
which the MV is between these limits. The width of these ranges, in units of the error
variable and therefore of the PV, is called the proportional band (PB) which is the
inverse of the proportional gain. While the gain is useful in mathematical treatments,
the proportional band is often used in practical situations.
Glossary:

1. Proportional: If two amounts are proportional, they change at the same rate
so that the relationship between them does not change
2. Valve: something that opens and closes to control the flow of liquid or gas
3. Thermostat: a device that keeps a building, engine, etc., within a limited
temperature range by automatically switching the supply of heat on and off
4. Overall: considering everything, not separate parts
5. Instability: a state of constant unpredictable change
6. Overcome: to deal with and control a problem
7. Output: the amount of something that is produced
8. Residual: remaining after most of something has gone
9. Devise: to invent a plan, system, object, etc., usually using your intelligence
or imagination
10. Offset: to balance one influence against an opposing influence, so that there
is no great difference as a result
11. Manipulated: to control something using the hands
12. Remove: to take something away
13. Width: the distance from one side of something to the other side
14. Adjustment: a small change that you make to something so that it works
better, fits better, or is more suitable
15. Treatment: the way in which something is dealt with
Writing:
Write a short summary about the text using the simple present tense.
Write 100 words.
Reading this text, we realize that it is a type of control system.
The proportional control system is more complex than an on-off control system, but simpler
than a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control system used in something like a car's
cruise control.
An example of turning on and off is like the one mentioned by my colleague Guadalupe, she
turns on her laptop every day to study, but she always changes the response time when
turning on her computer and I turn on my truck, which is an old model, I turn it on the
mornings and as it is cold it takes longer to turn on.

Project:
Students create an infographic in which they include:
a) What proportional control is.
b) What it consists of.
c) Give examples of it.
d) They compare it to another system.
Students include a brief description of each aspect with some images, if possible so
that it can be easy to understand, and they use vocabulary that can be understood
by any person who reads the infographic.

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