INTERNATIONAL ISO

STANDARD 19232-2

Second edition
2013-06-15

Non-destructive testing — Image

quality of radiographs —
Part 2:
Determination of the image quality
value using step/hole-type image
quality indicators
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Essais non destructifs — Qualité d’image des radiogrammes —
(standards.iteh.ai)
Partie 2: Détermination de l’indice de qualité d’image à l’aide
d’indicateurs à trous et à gradins
ISO 19232-2:2013
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Reference number
ISO 19232-2:2013(E)

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ISO 19232-2:2013(E)


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Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75  % of the member bodies
casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 19232‑2 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) in collaboration with
ISO Technical Committee TC  135, Non-destructive testing, Subcommittee SC  5, Radiation methods, in
accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 19232‑2:2004), of which it constitutes a
iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
minor revision with the following changes:
— updated references; (standards.iteh.ai)
— statement that EN wire IQIs of EN 462-2:1994 [1] and its designation are identical to ISO wire IQIs
ISO 19232-2:2013
and its designation, as defined in this part of ISO 19232;
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— replacement of film by detector, which includes film and digital detectors.
It also incorporates the Technical Corrigendum, ISO 19232‑2:2004/Cor. 1:2007.
ISO 19232 consists of the following parts under the general title Non-destructive testing — Image quality
of radiographs:
— Part 1: Determination of the image quality value using wire-type image quality indicators
— Part 2: Determination of the image quality value using step/hole-type image quality indicators
— Part 3: Image quality classes
— Part 4: Experimental evaluation of image quality values and image quality tables
— Part 5: Determination of the image unsharpness value using duplex wire-type image quality indicators

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19232-2:2013(E)

Non-destructive testing — Image quality of radiographs —

Part 2:
Determination of the image quality value using step/hole-
type image quality indicators

1 Scope
This part of ISO 19232 specifies a device and a method for the determination of the image quality of
radiographs using step/hole-type image quality indicators.

2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 5580, Non-destructive testing — Industrial radiographic illuminators — Minimum requirements
iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
ISO/IEC 17050‑1, Conformity assessment — Supplier’s declaration of conformity — Part 1: General requirements
(standards.iteh.ai)
ISO 19232‑4, Non-destructive testing — Image quality of radiographs — Part 4: Experimental evaluation of
image quality values and image quality tables
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3 Terms and definitions 6b1e0f92a70c/iso-19232-2-2013
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
image quality
characteristic of a radiographic image which determines the degree of detail it shows
3.2
image quality indicator
IQI
device comprising a series of elements of graded dimensions which enable a measure of the image
quality to be obtained
Note 1 to entry: The elements of IQI are commonly wires or steps with holes.

3.3
image quality value
measure of the image quality required or achieved and is equal to the thinnest element which can be
detected on the radiograph
Note 1 to entry: For step/hole-type IQIs, the element numbers are the hole numbers as given in Table 1.

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ISO 19232-2:2013(E)


4 Specification for step/hole-type image quality indicators

4.1 Dimensions, manufacture, designation

4.1.1 Dimensions

The IQI system is based on a series of 18 steps of different thicknesses and holes of corresponding
diameters which are specified in Table 1 along with the relevant tolerances and the hole numbers. These
steps and holes have been subdivided into four overlapping ranges of six consecutive hole numbers, viz.
H 1 to H 6, H 5 to H 10, H 9 to H 14, and H 13 to H 18.
Dimensions in millimetres

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Key (standards.iteh.ai)
IQI No.
H1 H5 H9 H 13 ISO 19232-2:2013
h 10 mm 10 mm 10 mm 15 mm
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l 5 mm 7 mm 7 mm 15 mm
a Space for identification marking.

Figure 1 — Step/hole-type image quality indicator

4.1.2 Manufacture

The steps of thicknesses lower than 0,8 mm shall contain two holes of the same diameter. The steps of
thicknesses equal or higher than 0,8 mm shall contain one hole. The minimum distance from the centre
of a hole to the edge of the step, or to the edge of the second hole in that step, shall be the hole diameter
plus 1 mm. The holes shall be perpendicular to the surface and shall not have a bevelled edge.

4.1.3 Designation

The written designation of an image quality indicator shall be labelled with the letters IQI, the number
of this part of ISO 19232, the number of the smallest hole as specified in Table 1 (e.g. H 5), and the symbol
denoting the IQI material (e.g. FE).
EXAMPLE IQI ISO 19232‑2-H 5 FE

IQIs with the designation EN 462-2[1] are considered to be identical to IQIs with the designation ISO 19232‑2.

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Table 1 — Hole numbers, hole diameters, step thicknesses, and tolerances of the range of IQIs
Dimensions in millimetres
Range of image quality indicators Step/hole
H1 H5 H9 H 13 element (hole) nominal hole nominal hole
number diameter and diameter and
step thickness step thickness
tolerances
× H1 0,125 + 0,015
0
× H2 0,160
× H3 0,200
× H4 0,250
× × H5 0,320
× × H6 0,400
× H7 0,500
× H8 0,630 + 0,020
0
× × H9 0,800
× × H 10 1,000
× H 11 1,250 + 0,025
0
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× PREVIEWH 12 1,600
× H 13 a 2,000
(standards.iteh.ai)
× H 14 a 2,500
a
ISO 19232-2:2013 H 15 3,200 + 0,030
0
a H 16
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a H 17 5,000
a H 18 6,300 + 0,036
0
a These values may be used for special applications by agreement between contracting parties.

4.2 Material
All parts of the IQI shall consist of the same material and shall be embedded in a protective covering
material which shall not affect the image quality value.
See Table 2 for usual IQI materials.

4.3 Marking
The marking applied on the IQI (see Figure 1) shall give the following information:
a) number of the smallest hole printed next to the smallest hole;
b) letters identifying the IQI material used, e.g. FE;
c) ISO letters.
EXAMPLE H 5 FE ISO

IQIs with the letters EN are considered to be identical to IQIs with the letters ISO.
The radiographic image of the identification shall not cause glare when the radiograph is viewed. It is
recommended that the absorption of the marking is not more than twice the absorption of the thickest step.

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ISO 19232-2:2013(E)


4.4 Declaration of conformity

Each IQI shall be delivered with a declaration of conformity according to ISO/IEC  17050‑1 which
confirms that the IQI complies with this part of ISO 19232. For identification, the IQI shall be numbered
and marked by the producer.

5 Use of image quality indicators

5.1 Selection
The IQI shall be selected in accordance with the material under test and its thicknesses.
Whenever possible, the IQI shall be of the same type of material as the specimen under test. For other
cases, see ISO 19232‑4.

Table 2 — Types of IQI and material used for selected groups of materials

Suitable for testing of the following

IQI marking Hole number from Table 1 IQI material
materials
H 1 CU H 1 to H 6
H 5 CU H 5 to H 10
Copper Copper, zinc, tin, and their alloys
H 9 CU H 9 to H 14
H 13 CU iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
H 13 to H 18
H 1 FE H 1 to H 6
H 5 FE H 5 to H 10
(standards.iteh.ai)
Steel (low alloyed) Ferrous materials
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H 13 to H 18
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H 1 TI H 1 to H 6
H 5 TI H 5 to H 10
Titanium Titanium and its alloys
H 9 TI H 9 to H 14
H 13 TI H 13 to H 18
H 1 AL H 1 to H 6
H 5 AL H 5 to H 10
Aluminium Aluminium and its alloys
H 9 AL H 9 to H 14
H 13 AL H 13 to H 18

5.2 Arrangement
When the radiograph is taken, the IQI shall be placed on the side of the section under test facing the
source of radiation and remote from the detector.
If this is not possible, the IQI may be placed adjacent to the side of the section under test nearest the
detector. To indicate that this arrangement has been used, the image of a letter “F” shall be visible on the
radiograph near the IQI marking.
The IQI shall be placed on the object, in an area where the thickness is as uniform as possible.
Special arrangements are determined by application standards.

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6 Determination of image quality value

In determining the image quality value, the conditions for viewing radiographs specified in ISO 5580
shall be observed. The number of the smallest hole which is clearly visible on the radiograph shall be
taken as the image quality value. When the step contains two holes, both shall be clearly visible.
In general, the image quality value shall be determined for every radiograph in radiographic examinations
for which a verification of image quality is required.
If steps have been taken to guarantee that radiographs of similar test objects and regions are produced
with identical exposure and processing techniques and no differences in the image quality value are
likely, the image quality need not be verified for every radiograph, the extent of image quality verification
being subject to agreement between the contracting parties.

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