Meaning, Sources, Criticism of History, and Voyage
Meaning, Sources, Criticism of History, and Voyage
Meaning, Sources, Criticism of History, and Voyage
Rizal as Historian
- Rizal’s research studies in the British Museum
TOPIC OUTLINE (London) and in Bibliotheque National (Paris)
enriched his historical knowledge.
I. THE MEANING OF HISTORY - His annotations to Morga’s book showed his
II. SOURCES OF HISTORICAL DATA familiarity with historiography
III. HISTORICAL CRITICISMS - He told isabelo de los Reyes “ A historian ought
IV. VOYAGE AROUND THE WORLD to be rigorously imparted…. I never assert
anything on my own authority. I cite text and
when I do, I have them before me.”
Historians
I. THE MEANING OF HISTORY - Individuals who write about history, they seek
to understand the present by examining what
History went before.
➔ History is derived from Greek word historia
which means learning by inquiry. The Greek Historiography
philosopher, Aristotle, looked upon historyas - The practice of historical writing
The systematic accounting of a set of natural - The traditional method in doing historical
phenomena, that is, taking into consideration research that focus on gathering of documents
the chronological arrangement of the account. from different libraries and archives from a pool
● Historia in Spanish of evidence needed in making a descriptive or
● Histoire in French analytical narrative.
● Kasaysayan in Filipino - The study, comparison and evaluation of
○ Derived into two words sanaysay which historians’ interpretations of the people and
means narrative and saysay which events of past.
means importance, as Filipino we are - The modern historical writing does not only
giving importance to our history. include examination of documents but also use
of research methods from related areas of
Historical Method study such as archaeology and geography.
➔ 5 Step process historians used to write history - The imaginative reconstruction of the past from
➔ This explained that knowledge is derived the data derived by that process.
through conducting a process of scientific
investigations of past events. The Limitation of Historical Knowledge
1. Preliminary Research - The incompleteness of records has limited
2. Formulate a working hypothesis man’s knowledge of history. Most human affairs
3. Gather evidence to support/reject happen without leaving and evidence or
hypothesis records of any kind, no artifacts, and if there
4. Formulate a thesis statement are, no further evidence of the human setting in
5. Write a Historical account which place took surviving artifacts.
● Proof that the Philippines already had a ● Tension between the king of Zubu and the
complex system of politics and governance in voyagers and Magellan threatened them to
the form of sultanate. rage war.
● Proof of pre-colonial religions and beliefs in the
Philippines April 14, 1521: Image of Child Jesus
● Proof of physical appearance of our ancestors ● Held mass with Raja Humabon and baptized
and what they wear such as gold earrings and 800 souls
gold armlets ● Pifagetta showed the image of Child Jesus and
a cross to the queen and asked to keep in
What was discussed in Pigafetta’s journal? place of her idols
● The fate of the five ships throughout the ● The Child Jesus is known today as Santo
expedition. Niño,which is celebrated every January in
● The challenges and unforeseen problems Cebu
along the way of the expedition such as
hostility of the people they met, shortage of April 27, 1521: Battle of Mactan
food, misunderstandings between the crew, ● Datu Zula, chief of the island Matan (Mactan)
types of diseases, maps, glossaries of native welcomed them. But Cilapulapu, the other
words, geographic information and descriptions chief, refused to obey the king of Spain.
of the flora and fauna of the place they visited. ● Datu Zula requested the captain to defeat
Cilapulapu, which started the battle
Key notes in Pigafetta’s journal: ● Natives outsmarted them, used ‘patibongs’ to
● Out of the 5 ships, only 3 ships reached the defeat them. The voyagers were losing in this
Philippines. After the Battle of Mactan, their battle
manpower is enough to man two ships:
Trinidad and Victoria. Until they returned to April 28, 1521: Death of Magellan
Spain, only one ship survived, which was the ● Captain told them to give up this losing battle,
Victoria. One of the survivors was Antonio but his men insisted.
Pigafetta, who kept the journal about their ● Magellan was shot in the leg with a poisoned
expedition. arrow.He died, their ‘mirror’, ‘comfort’, and ‘true
● The original journal of Pigafetta did not survive guide’ as what Pigafetta described.
throughout history. What was handed to us was ● They retreated leaving their captain dead
just the manuscript that never came out of the
press during his lifetime.
● They never meant to visit the Philippines, they
only got lost and landed in our country.
● Pigafetta described the inhabitants of the
Philippines to be savages: eating meat that are
nearly raw, uses animal skin and fur as clothing
and tying it with a belt on the waist, hunting
animals using arrows, and they travel in flocks