Micro-Project Proposal Micro Project for

information about

" Shell Script in Linux/Unix"

Aims of the Micro-Project

a) Before you go through this article, make sure that you have gone through the previous article on SR Flip Flop.
b) of the micro project now we have get deep knowledge.
Course Outcomes Addressed

a) A Flip Flop is a memory element that is capable of storing one bit of information.
b) It is also called as Bistable Multivibrator since it has two stable states either 0 or 1.

3.0 Proposed Methodology

Collect the information of all the Employee Motivation & Productivity with its Working. The Employee Motivation &
Productivity also include the methodology and various info. detail.
We are searched the micro project topics related to subject. Then selected micro project title. After selection of topic
searched and collected information related to selected topic. Then completed proposal of micro project.

4.0 Action Plan

Sr.No Details of activity Planned Planned Name of Responsible

. Start Date Finish date Team Members

Decide individual micro project 25/03/2021 30/03/2021 Shaikh Irshad

1

2 Search micro project topics related 30/03/2021 03/04/2021 Shaikh Irshad

To subject.

3 Selection of micro project title 03/04/2021 07/04/2021 Shaikh Irshad

4 Search information 07/04/2021 15/04/2021 Shaikh Irshad

related to selected
topic
5 15/04/2021 23/04/2021 Shaikh Irshad
Collect information related to
selected topic
Completion of micro project topic 23/04/2021 30/04/2021 Shaikh Irshad
6
Proposal
7 30/04/2021 06/05/2021 Shaikh Irshad
Analyze collected data For micro-Project
report.
 06/05/2021 13/05/2021 Shaikh Irshad
8 Finalize collected data For micro-
Project report.
13/05/2021 20/05/2021 Shaikh Irshad
9 Finalize Design & flow of
Implementation
10 20/04/2021 27/05/2021 Shaikh Irshad
Flow of Implementation

11 27/05/2021 02/06/2021 Shaikh Irshad

Implementation of report.
02/06/2021 07/06/2021 Shaikh Irshad
Report preparation
12

07/06/2021 14/06/2021 Shaikh Irshad

Finalization of report
13

20/06/2021 20/06/2021 Shaikh Irshad

Submission of report
14

Names of Team Members with Roll Nos. Roll No.

1. Shaikh Irshad kadar 45

(To be Approved by the concerned teacher)

***************
 A
PROJECT REPORT

ON
“ Shell Script in Linux/Unix ”
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD
OF

DIPLOMA IN

COMPUTER ENGINEERING

SUBMITTED TO
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, MUMBAI

SUBMITTED BY

Name of Student Enrollment Number

Irshad Shaikh. Kadar 2009920140

GUIDED BY
(Prof. Falke G. N.)
 SAMARTH POLYTECHNIC, BELHE

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project report entitled “Shell Script in Linux/Unix” Was successfully
completed by Student of Sixth semester Diploma in computer engineering.

Shaikh Irashad Kadar

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Diploma in Computer
engineering and submitted to the Department of Computer of Samarth Polytechnic,
Belhe work carried out during a period for the academic year 2021-22 as per
curriculum .

Prof. Falke G. N. Prof. Nawale Prof. Kapile A.S.

(Subject Teacher) (H.O.D) (Principal)
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

This project is done as a Third semester project, as a part course titled “ Shell Script in Linux/Unix”.

I am really thankful to our course the Principal Prof. Kapile A. S. and the HOD Prof. Khistsagar.s
Samarth Polytechnic, Belhe for his invaluable guidance and assistance, without which the accomplishment of
the task would have never been possible.
I also thank Prof. Tannu R.R. for giving this opportunity to explore into the real world and realize the
interrelation without which a Project can never progress. In our present project I have chosen the topic-
“Shell Script in Linux/Unix”.

I also thankful to parents, friend and all staff of Computer engineering department, for providing us relevant
information and necessary clarifications, and great support.

Shaikh Irshad kadar

 INDEX

Sr.No. Name of Chapter Page No.

Chapter 1 Synopsis 10

Chapter 2 ABSTRACT 11

Chapter 3 Introduction 12

Chapter 4 Employee Motivation 14

Chapter 5 Theories of Motivation & Productivity 16

Chapter 6 Conceptual Framework 17

Chapter 7 MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS 18

Chapter 8 Concept of Motivation & Productivity 19

Chapter 9 Factors affecting Employees’ motivation 20

& productivity

Chapter 10 Conclusion 23

Chapter 11 References 24

7
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 Shell Script in Linux/Unix

CHAPTER 1

SYNOPSIS

1.1 Project Title

“Shell Script in Linux/Unix”

1.2. Project Option

None

1.3. Internal Guide

Mr.Falke G.N.

1.4. Problem Statement

we get information about shell scripting in Linux/Unix.

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 Shell Script in Linux/Unix

CHAPTER 2

ABSTRACT

An Operating System is basically a system program that controls the execution of application
programs and acts as an interface between applications and the computer hardware. It
manages the computer system resources to be used in an efficient manner. This course
enables one to learn the internal functioning of operating systems and will help in identifying
appropriate Operating Systems for given applications/tasks. This course is also a
prerequisite for the group of courses included in the 'Cloud Infrastructure Maintenance'
Elective group.

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 Shell Script in Linux/Unix

CHAPTER 3

Introduction
Shell Scripting is an open-source computer program run by the Unix/Linux
shell. Shell Scripting is a program to write a series of commands for the shell
to run. It can combine lengthy and repetitive sequences of commands into a
single and simple script that can be kept and run anytime which, decreases
programming efforts.

This Shell Scripting tutorial aids in learning a basic understanding of the

Linux/Unix shell scripting program to develop concepts of Shell Scripting.
This Shell Script tutorial is designed for newbies and professionals who want
to learn What is Shell Scripting? How shell scripting works, types of shell, and
more.

What is Shell?
Shell is a UNIX term for an interface between a user and an operating system
service. Shell delivers users with an interface and receives human-readable
commands into the system and performs those commands which can run
automatically and give the program’s output in a shell script.

An Operating is created of many components, but its two prime components

are –

 Kernel
 Shell

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A Kernel is at the heart of a computer. It completes the communication between the hardware and
software possible. While the Kernel is the innermost part of an operating system, a shell is the
outermost one.

CHAPTER 4

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 Shell Script in Linux/Unix

Hardware and Software Requirements

Generally, the Linux distribution comprises a Linux kernel, which is the

heart of Linux: libraries, GNU tools, documentation, X Window, desktop
environment, and free and open-source software. Mostly, the distributions
available to download are .deb or .rpm files. The .deb files are meant for Debian
distributions of Linux (like Ubuntu, Linux Mint, etc.), while the .rpm files are used
primarily by the Redhat-based distros (like CentOS, Fedora, RHEL) and the
OpenSUSE distribution.

This special file format can include the rules that tell the package manager
software to do extra tasks, like:

 Set permissions on the all system files

 Creating the user accounts, and finally
 Creating configuration files

It also includes the dependency list, i.e. names of the packages or the service

that they require to be present on a system prior to installation.

Minimum RAM, central processing unit and hard disk(HDD) requirement for the
desktop edition of the Debian based OS and the RedHat based OS is as listed
here.
RAM:

To run the Linux OS smoothly minimum 1-2 GB RAM is required. The actual
minimum memory requirements for the Linux operating system only (without
any additional software) are less than these numbers. For example, it is possible
to install Debian with 20MB RAM.
Central Processing Unit:

Linux can give optimum performance on an Intel Pentium or a higher processor.

Linux also supports non-Intel processors such as the Cyrix 6x86 and the AMD K5
and K6.

Hard Disk

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 Shell Script in Linux/Unix

A 4 to 5 GB hard disk is enough to store the system and other important files of a
Linux distribution. However, to store users' data it is recommended to have at
least 25 GB hard disk size.
More efficient hardware produced in the last few years means Linux can often
work well with drive storage (HDD). For example, a netbook with an 8 GB hard
disk will work well if user data is directly stored onto the cloud. A good rule of
thumb is that machines that could run XP, Vista, and Windows 7 will almost
always be a lot faster with Linux even if they are lower-spec than described.

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 Shell Script in Linux/Unix

CHAPTER 5
Objectives

The SR flip-flop, also known as a SR Latch, can be considered as

one of the most basic sequential logic circuit possible. This simple flip-flop is
basically a one-bit memory bistable device that has two inputs, one which will
“SET” the device (meaning the output = “1”), and is labelled S and one which
will “RESET” the device (meaning the output = “0”), labelled R.

The SR description stands for “Set-Reset”. The reset input resets

the flip-flop back to its original state with an output Q that will be either at a
logic level “1” or logic “0” depending upon this set/reset condition.

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 Shell Script in Linux/Unix

CHAPTER 6
Necessity

If you are using any major operating system you are indirectly
interacting to shell. If you are running Ubuntu, Linux Mint or any other
Linux distribution, you are interacting to shell every time you use
terminal. In this article I will discuss about linux shells and shell
scripting so before understanding shell scripting we have to get familiar
with following terminologies:
 Kernel
 Shell
 Terminal
The kernel is a computer program that is the core of a computer’s
operating system, with complete control over everything in the system.
It manages following resources of the Linux system –
 File management
 Process management
 I/O management
 Memory management
 Device management etc.
It is often mistaken that Linus Torvalds has developed Linux OS, but
actually he is only responsible for development of Linux kernel.

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CHAPTER 7
Principal

A shell script is a text file that contains a sequence of

commands for a UNIX-based operating system. It is called a shell script
because it combines a sequence of commands, that would otherwise
have to be typed into the keyboard one at a time, into a single script.
The shell is the operating system's command-line interface (CLI) and
interpreter for the set of commands that are used to communicate with
the system.

A shell script is usually created for command sequences in which a user

has a need to use repeatedly in order to save time. Like other programs,
the shell script can contain parameters, comments and subcommands
that the shell must follow. Users initiate the sequence of commands in
the shell script by simply entering the file name on a command line .

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CHAPTER 8
Purpose
Using a shell script is most useful for repetitive tasks that may be time
consuming to execute by typing one line at a time. A few examples of
applications shell scripts can be used for include:

 Automating the code compiling process.

 Running a program or creating a program environment.

 Completing batch

 Manipulating files.

 Linking existing programs together.

 Executing routine backups.

 Monitoring a system.

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CHAPTER 9
Types And Use of Shell Script in Linux/Unix:-
There are two main shells in Linux :

1 . The Bourne Shell: The prompt for this shell is $ and its derivatives are listed below:

 POSIX shell also is known as sh

 Korn Shell also known as sh
 Bourne Again SHell also known as bash (most popular)

2. The C shell: The prompt for this shell is %, and its subcategories are:

 C shell also is known as csh

 Tops C shell also is known as tcsh

Steps to Write Shell Script in Linux/Unix

Shell Scripts are written utilizing text editors. On your Linux system, open a text editor
program, open a new file to begin typing a shell script or shell programming, then give the
shell permission to complete your shell script and put your script at the location from
where the shell can locate it.

Let us understand the steps in making a Shell Script:

1. Create a file utilizing a vi editor(or any other editor). Name script file

with extension .sh
2. Start the script with #! /bin/sh
3. Write some code.
4. Save the script file as filename.sh
5. For running the script type bash filename.sh

“#!” is an operator named shebang which directs the script to the interpreter's location.
So, if we use”#! /bin/sh” the script gets directed to the bourne-shell.

Let’s create a small script –

* #!/bin/ah la

steps to create Shell Script Programs in Linux/Unix –

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 Shell Script in Linux/Unix

Command ‘ls’ is run when we complete the scrip sample.sh file.

Adding shell comments

Commenting is important in any program. In Shell programming, the syntax to add a
comment is

#comment

What are Shell Variables?

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 Shell Script in Linux/Unix

Variables store data in the form of characters and numbers. Likewise, Shell variables are
utilized to store information and they can be by the shell only.

For example, the following creates a shell variable and then prints it:

variable ="Hello"
echo $variable
Below is a small script that will use a variable.

#!/bin/sh
echo "what is your name?"
read name
echo "How do you do, $name?"
read remark
echo "I am $remark too!"
the steps to create and execute the script

As you see, the program determined the value of the variable ‘name’ as Joy and
‘remark’ as excellent. This is a simple script. You can create advanced scripts
which contain conditional statements, loops, and functions. Shell scripting will
make your life easy and Linux administration a breeze.

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 Shell Script in Linux/Unix

CHAPTER 10
Conclusion

A shell script is a text file that includes a sequence of commands for a UNIX-based operating
system. It is called a shell script because it combines a sequence of commands, that would
otherwise have to be typed into the keyboard one at a time, into a single script.

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 Shell Script in Linux/Unix

CHAPTER 11
Reference

 https://www.msbtemicroproject.tech/2022/09/EST-22447-Environmental%20Studies-Micro
%20project-computer-engineering%20%20.html?m=1

Annexure II
Evaluation Sheet for Micro Project

Academic Year :- 2021-22 Name of Faculty :- Diploma in Computer Engineerring

Course :- Management Course Code :- 22516 Semester :- V

Title of Project :- Shell Script in Linux/Unix

Cos addressed by the Micro Project :-

1. Use basic management principles to execute daily activities.

2. Apply principles of safety management in all activities.
3. Understand various provisions of industrial acts.

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 Shell Script in Linux/Unix

Major Learning Outcomes achieved by students by doing the project :-

a) Practical Outcomes…………………………………………………………………

b) Unit Outcomes in Cognitive domain ………………………………………………

c) Outcomes in Affective Domain

…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

Comments /suggestions about team work/leadership/inter-personal communication (if any)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Marks out of 6 Marks out of 4

Roll for for
No. Student Name performance in performance in Total Out
group activity oral / of 10
(D5 Col.8) presentation
(D5 Col.9)

45 Shaikh Irshad Kadar

Prof. Falke G. N.
(Name & Signature of Faculty)

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