DELHI UNIVERSITY

GENERIC ELECTIVE FOR HONS. COURSES- 2017

PAPER : GE IV - ELEMENTS OF ANALYSIS
T1111e : 3 Roars SEMESTER IV
Max;,,,,,,,, Marks : 75
All q11estions are compulsory
Attempt any two parts fro,n eacl, q11estion

1. (a) Define a denumerable set Show that the set z of all integers is denumerable. (7.Sf
( b) Define supremum and infimum of a non-empty subset of R. Find the supremum and
infimum of each of the following sets. . .·

= {I _c-;• : N}
e: N}
(i) A n e

(ii) B = n e (7.5)

(c) (i) For any two real numbers x and y, prove that Ix+ Y.I lxl + IYl-
(ii) Define cluster point of a set A c R. Show that the finite set A = {l, 2} has no
cluster pomts.
. (7.S)
2. (a) Use the defmition of the limit of a sequence to show that

( i) 1· (3nn+l+ 2) -- 3
n~oo

(ii) lim ( l ) = O (7.S)

,. oo n2 + 1
(b) State Mono tone Convergence Theorem. Hence prove that the sequence (x,.) defined by
.. X I = I , x n + I = '\/~,
•An for n e N

is convergent. (7.S)

(c) Defme Cauchy sequence. Show that the sequence <x,. ) = ( 1 + (-1)") is not a Cauchy
(7 .5)
sequence.

Lan
<Xl

3. (a) If the series converges, then prove that }~°!,

. a,. _- 0. Is the converse true ?
n= I
(6.S)
Justify.

Show that the series r n converges if and only if Ir I < l. (6.5)

(b) . n=l
E.2 Element ofAnalysis

(c) State limit comparison test for positive term series. Test the convergence of the following
senes:
1
I-n!
CX)

(i)
n=I \

CX)
·l (6.5)
(ii) l
I;1.Jn+I ·
4. (a) Define an absolutely convergent and a conditionally convergent series. Prove that every
absolutely convergent series in IR is also convergent. . (6)
. oo I
( b) State Ratio test and hepce prove that the series L n · is convergent. (6)
. n n =l
(c) Test the convergence and absolute convergence of the following series :

(i)
f (-~t+I
n=l n +I
(-l)n+I
(ii) £..J
(6)
n=I

(n!)2 xn
5. (a) Find the radius of convergence of the power series £..J (5)
n=I (2n)!
( b) Derive the power series expansion for f (x) = sin x. (5)
(c) Prove the identity C(x + y) = C(x) C(y) - S(x) S(y), for all x, y ·e JR where S(x) and
C(x) denote the sine and cosine functions respectively. (5)

xn
L
CX)

6. (a) Determine the interval of convergence of the power series 2 . Also check the
n=ln

convergence at the end points of the interval. (S)

1
(b) State integration theorem of power series. Show by integrating the series .for -· - - that
I+x
oo (-It+t
iflxl < 1, then log(l +x) = I - - x n . (5,
n=I n

(c) Define exponential function E(x) as a sum of power series. Find the domain of E(x) and
show that E(x + y) = E(x) E(y), for all x, y E JR. (5)
 DELHI UNIVERSITY
GENERIC ELECTIVE FOR HONS. COU.RSES- 2018
PAPER GE IV - ELEMENTS OF ANALYSIS
Time : 3 Hours SEMESTER IV
· Maxim.um Marks : 75
All questions are compulsory
Attempt any two parts from each quemon
1. (a)
Define a countable set. Show that the set N x N is countable.
(7.S)
Le h · (2x2 +3x+l)
(b) t t e function/be defined by f(x) = · for 2 x 3. Find a constant M
(2x-l)
such that 1/(x)I SM for all x satisfying 2 x 3. (7.S)
(c) State Completeness property of IR. Find the supremum and infimum of the following
sets :
(i) A= {x e R: x S 5}.

( ii) B = { 6n+3
n :n e N .
}
(7.S)

r,
2. (a) State Monotone Convergence theorem and use it to show that the sequence (x 11
), where

xn = (I+ : for every n E N is convergent and its limit lies between 2 an_d 3.
(7.S)

( b) If lim x
n
=x, then show that lim xn I I= Ix I, where x -:t:- 0. Is the converse true ?
(7 5)
fu~fy .

(c) State the Squeeze Theorem and use it to prove that lim a 11n = l, where a> 0. (7.5)
-

oo l
-3. (a) State Cauchy's converge~ce criterio~ for series. Show that the series n diverges.
(6.S)

( b) Sho~ that the series ?;

oo l
nP ·
.
converges, 1f P > l. (6.5)

(c) Test the convergence of the following series :

l
L2 -n+ i'
oo

(i)

f
n=ln

(ii) (6.5)
n=l •
E.4 Element ofAnalysis
4
• (a) State Root Test. Test the convergence of the following series :
oo n

(i) "-nn
n=le

"-n.
00

(ii) (6)
n=l2n

(b) State Leibnitz Test. Test the convergence and absolute convergence of the series
f 1
(-1t+ log(n). ·
(6)
n=i n

Lan L (an )2
00 00

(c) If is a convergent series of positive te1ms, then show that also

n=l n=l
converges. (6)

nn
I-, xn •
CX)

5. (a) Determine radius of convergence of the power series (5)

11=ln.
(b) Derive the power series expansion for~- (5)
(c) Define cosine and sine function as sum of power series and prove that C 2 (x) + S 2 (x) = I,
for all x e JR, where S(x) and C(x) denote the sine and cosine functions respectively:
(S)

xn
I-. Also check the
CX)

6. (a) Determine the interval of convergence of. the power series

n=l 11
converg~nce at the end points of the interval. (S)

(b)
.
Show that 1f lxl < 1, then tan
-1 ( )
x
. (- t
1
= :='o 2n + 1 x
211 + 1
• (5)

00 xn
( c) State Cauchy-Hadamard theorem and verify it for the power series L --.
n= 2log n
(5)

\
 DELHI UNIVERSITY
GENERIC ELECTIVE FOR HONS~ COURSES - 2019
PAPER : GE IV - ELEMENTS 0 .F ANALYSIS
SEMESTER IV .
· Maximum Marks : 75
Tune : 3 Hours
· All questions are compulsory
Attempt any two parts from each question

l. (a) Define Supremum and infi~u~ of a bounded set of real numbers. Show that if S is a
. non-empty subset of 1R which 1s bounded below, then inf S = -sup(-S ). (7.S)
( b) Define a countable set. Show that S is countable if there exists a surjection of N to S.
(7.S)

(c) (i) State and prove Archimedean property of 1R.

(ii) Show that for a, b e 1R
\a+bl < lal lbl (3.S + 4)
l+la+bl - l+lal+l+lbl.
2. (a) <,Ct (x.) be a sequence of positive real numbers Sllch that/ = fun x,+t
Xn - exists. If/ < I,
. n (7.S)
then show that. (x n) converges to 0. Hence deduce. that nlim -2n = 0.
I
1

(b) State and prove squeeze theorem. Use it to determine the Iimitof the sequence (n!)• .
(7.S)

(c) (i) Define a convergent sequence and a Cauchy sequence. Show that every convergent
sequence is a Cauchy sequence.
(ii) Show thaat the sequence (3") does not eonverge. (S + 2.S) -
3. (a) State and prove Cauchy convergence criterion for infinite series. (6.S)
( b) State root test for an infinite series and test the convergence of the following series :
(6.5)
nn
L zn e-n.
2

L,
CIJ 00
(i) nl (ii)
11 =1 (n
+ 1) n=l
( c) Test the convergence of the following series :
oo n (3 + 3.5)
n'
l 3.5.7 ..... ·(2n + 1)
(n + l)(n + 2)°
oo
(ii)
(i) n=l
State limit comparison test for a positive tenn infinite series and hence test the convergence
4. (a)
of the following series : 00 1 (6)
00 1 cm "L Tn+i + J;, + z.
n"' 1
( i) ~ --
~n1-n+
E.6
. . . oonvergent, ls the converse true ?
(b) Show that every absolutely convergent senes 101R (6)
Justify. · •
,. ~, . . ,. . f the following sen es .
(c) ' Test the cenvergence·an~ ab&9lute ~~nv~rge~ce _o · ·

L n1+f2n . (3 + 3)
00
oo •
(i) L (- It sm ;a, a E JR (ii)
(-

n=l n _ n=l
-
v.., , X n -l
(5)
5. (a) Detennine the interval of convergence for the power series .~1 n2
. (5)
(b) Derive thepower series expansion for /(x) = eX.

L nxn = (l-x)
oo _ X
(c) Prove that 2
for lxl < 1 and evaluate :
n =l
n
r-
oo 00
n(-It
(ii) 3n (5)
n = l2n

x 2 2! 3 3! 4
6. (a) Find the radius of convergence of the power series : x - 2 + 3 x - 4 x + ... (5)
2 3 4
1
(b) Find a power series r.epresentation of f(x) - and its domain. =- (5)
2+x ·
(c) State differentiation theorem for power series. Show that
C'(x) = -S(x) and S'(x) = C(x), x e IR

where C(x) and S(x)' are the power series of Cosine and Sine, respectively. (5)