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Types of Foundations in Building Construction

The document discusses different types of foundations used in building construction including shallow and deep foundations. Shallow foundations include individual, strip, and raft footings. Deep foundations are pile foundations that can be end bearing piles or friction piles. The document provides details on each type and their uses.

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Siraj Kamaal
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131 views1 page

Types of Foundations in Building Construction

The document discusses different types of foundations used in building construction including shallow and deep foundations. Shallow foundations include individual, strip, and raft footings. Deep foundations are pile foundations that can be end bearing piles or friction piles. The document provides details on each type and their uses.

Uploaded by

Siraj Kamaal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Blog

Types of
Foundations in
Building
Construction
May 09, 2019

When constructing a new building, the type


of foundation used to support the building
will depend on a number of factors. The
following article outlines some various
foundation types and why they are used.

Shallow Foundations
Also referred to as open or spread footings,
these foundations are made by first
excavating all of the dirt around the footing
until you get to the bottom and then building
up the footing. This type of footing takes the
weight load from each column and spreads it
over an extended area so that the weight it’s
bearing does not exceed the safe bearing
capacity of the soil.

There are three different types of shallow


footings commonly used: individual, strip
and raft footings.

• Individual Footings - These are


probably the most commonly used
type in building construction, and
are used when columns are
carrying the weight load of the
building. Each column will have its
own square (or rectangular) base
that it sits on. The number of
columns will be determined by the
total weight of the building, and
the engineer will calculate how
much is safe for each to bear.

• Strip Footings - This kind of


foundation is usually found in older
buildings made of masonry where
the weight load of the building is
carried by whole walls rather than
single columns. These footings are
long strips that support the weight
of entire walls.

• Raft Footings - This kind of


foundation is commonly used
when the building needs an
accessible basement. The slab of
concrete will act as the foundation
in the basement and then the
weight of the building is spread out
evenly over the entire size of the
slab. If the soil is weak in the area,
sometimes columns will be placed
to help support the load.

Deep Foundations
If the building needs more support, like high-
rise apartment buildings, the building
construction has to be deeper into the
ground. Deep foundations are also known as
pile foundations. A pile is a long cylinder
made of concrete that is pushed into the
ground so that it can support the weight of
buildings on top of it. There are two types of
deep footings for foundations: end bearing
piles and friction piles.

• End Bearing Piles - With this type


of footing, the end of the pile will
be placed on top of an area of soil
that is determined to be especially
strong. The load of the building will
be passed on to the strong layer of
soil, or rock, and it acts almost like
a footing on its own. This ensures
the weight load of the building can
safely be passed on to a
foundation that will support it.

• Friction Piles - This kind of


foundation works a little
differently. The pile works by
transferring the weight load of the
building across the full length of
the pile using friction. This kind of
pile works because it pushes the
weight of the building into the soil
around it – almost like pushing a
solid rod into a tub of thick mud:
eventually, as you push it down
further, the rod will be able to
support weight on top of it. The
amount of weight it can support
will be proportional to how long
the pile is.

For more information, contact Foundation Fix


today. We provide Foundation Services to
the Beamsville, St. Catharines and Niagara
region of Ontario.

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