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    Medication Administration

    Uploaded by

    Maria Mika Ella Retiza
    The document discusses various topics related to medication administration including definitions of key terms, drug names, factors affecting medication, routes of administration, dosage calculations, and the process of safely preparing and giving medications. It defines medication, drugs, prescriptions and provides examples. It also covers drug interactions, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, tolerance, and allergies. The different routes of administration like oral, topical, parenteral are explained. The document outlines how to correctly check medications, calculate dosages, and follow the rights of administration. Common abbreviations and forms of various types of medications are also defined.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Medication Administration

    Uploaded by

    Maria Mika Ella Retiza
    49 views7 pages
    The document discusses various topics related to medication administration including definitions of key terms, drug names, factors affecting medication, routes of administration, dosage calculations, and the process of safely preparing and giving medications. It defines medication, drugs, prescriptions and provides examples. It also covers drug interactions, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, tolerance, and allergies. The different routes of administration like oral, topical, parenteral are explained. The document outlines how to correctly check medications, calculate dosages, and follow the rights of administration. Common abbreviations and forms of various types of medications are also defined.

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    The document discusses various topics related to medication administration including definitions of key terms, drug names, factors affecting medication, routes of administration, dosage calculations, and the process of safely preparing and giving medications. It defines medication, drugs, prescriptions and provides examples. It also covers drug interactions, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, tolerance, and allergies. The different routes of administration like oral, topical, parenteral are explained. The document outlines how to correctly check medications, calculate dosages, and follow the rights of administration. Common abbreviations and forms of various types of medications are also defined.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as txt, pdf, or txt
    49 views7 pages

    Medication Administration

    Uploaded by

    Maria Mika Ella Retiza
    The document discusses various topics related to medication administration including definitions of key terms, drug names, factors affecting medication, routes of administration, dosage calculations, and the process of safely preparing and giving medications. It defines medication, drugs, prescriptions and provides examples. It also covers drug interactions, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, tolerance, and allergies. The different routes of administration like oral, topical, parenteral are explained. The document outlines how to correctly check medications, calculate dosages, and follow the rights of administration. Common abbreviations and forms of various types of medications are also defined.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Medication Administration

    Medication
    Is a substance administered for the diagnosis, cure, treatment or relief of a
    symptom or prevention of disease.
    2

    Drug
    Has connotation of an illicitly obtained substance such as heroine, cocaine or
    amphetamines.
    3

    Prescription
    The written direction for the preparation and administration of a drug.
    4

    Prescription
    5

    Drug Names
    Generic- given before a drug becomes officially an approved medication.
    Brand- is the name given by the drug manufacturer
    Chemical- the name which a chemist knows it and describes the constituents of the
    drug manufacturer.
    6

    Sample of Medication
    7

    Drug Toxicity
    Deleterious effects of a drug on an organisms or tissue.
    Results from overdose, wrong route and build up of the drug in the blood caused by
    impaired metabolism or excretion.
    8

    Drug Allergy
    Deleterious effects of a drug on an organisms or tissue.
    Results from overdose, wrong route and build up of the drug in the blood caused by
    impaired metabolism or excretion.
    9

    Drug Allergy
    Is an immunologic reaction to a drug.
    Anaphylactic reaction is the severe allergic reaction that could be life
    threatening.
    10

    Drug Tolerance
    Exists in a person who has unusually low physiologic response to a drug and who
    requires increase in the dosage.
    11

    Drug Interaction
    Occurs when the administration of one drug, at the same time as, or after another
    drug alters the effect of one or both drugs.
    It can be food to drug or drug to drug.
    12

    Pharmacokinetics
    Is the study of absorption, distribution, biotransformation and excretion of drugs.
    13

    Factors affecting Medication Action


    Age or development
    Gender
    Cultural, Ethnic and Genetic Background
    Diet
    Environment

    14

    Factors affecting Medication Action


    Psychological
    Illness and Disease
    Time of Administration

    15

    Factors affecting Medication Action


    Psychological
    Illness and Disease
    Time of Administration

    16

    Drug Interaction Effects


    Potentiating- effects may be increased
    Inhibiting- effects may be decreased
    Synergistic- when two increase the action of each other.
    17

    Medication Orders
    18

    Medication Order
    A physician usually determines the client’s medication needs and orders
    medications.
    19

    Sample of Medication Order


    20

    Parts
    Patient’s full name
    Date and time the order is written
    Generic and/or Brand Name
    Dosage
    Frequency of Administration
    Route of administration
    Signature of the Doctor prescribing
    21

    Types
    Stat- to be given immediately and only once
    Single- to be once at a specified time
    Standing- May or may not have a termination and may also be carried out
    indefinitely
    PRN- permits the nurse to give the medication when the clients requires it.
    22

    Standing Order
    Please give Metformin 500 mg/tab BID

    Standing Order
    Please give Ketorolac 30 mg/IV q6 x 6 doses

    STAT Order
    Please give Nalbuphine 10 mg/IM now

    Single Order
    Please give Nalbuphine 10 mg/IM at 10 am

    PRN Order
    Please give Ketorolac 30 mg/IV q6 for pain score >4/10

    PRN Order
    Please give Paracetamol 300 mg/IV q4 for temp >38 degrees Celsius

    Carrying out Medication Order


    Telephone or Verbal orders should be signed within 24 to 48 hours by the
    prescribing doctor.
    It is reviewed, carried out and transcribed to Kardex and Medication Administration
    Record (MAR)
    29

    Route of Administration
    30

    Routes of Administration
    31

    Enteral
    32

    Oral
    Most convenient
    Least expensive
    Safe and does not break skin barrier
    33

    Sublingual and Buccal


    Drug can be administered for local effect
    More potent than oral because drug directly enters the blood and bypass the liver
    34

    Rectal and Vaginal


    Provides local therapeutic effect
    Drug released at slow and steady rate.
    35

    Topical
    Few sides effects
    Prolonged systemic effect
    36

    Transdermal
    Few sides effects
    Onset of drug action faster than oral
    37

    Parenteral
    38

    Subcutaneous
    Can administer only in small volume in the fatty tissues.
    For medications that must be absorbed in slow and steady rate
    39

    Intramuscular
    Can administer larger volume of medication
    40

    Intradermal
    Absorption is slow
    Advantage in testing for allergies
    41

    Intravenous
    Rapid effect
    Directly administered in the bloodstream
    42

    Inhalation
    Introduces drug throughout respiratory tract
    Rapid localized relief
    43

    Dosage Calculation Metric System


    44

    Dosage Calculations
    45

    Medication
    46

    Dosage Calculation Formula


    47

    IV Fluid
    48

    Intravenous Fluid Rate Formula


    49

    Process of Medication Administration


    Identify the client
    Inform the client
    Administer the drug
    Provide adjunctive interventions as indicated
    Record the medication given
    Evaluate the response to the medication given
    50

    Safe Medication Checking during Preparation


    51

    First (Before)
    Read the Medication Administration Record (MAR)
    Remove Medication from the Medication Cabinet
    Verify that the client’s name and room number match the MAR
    Compare the label of the medication against MAR
    If the dosage doesn’t match the MAR, determine if you need to do calculation.
    Check the expiration date of the medication.
    52

    Second (During)
    While preparing the medication, look at the medication label and check against the
    MAR.
    53

    Third (After)
    Recheck the label on the container before returning to its storage.
    Check the label on the medication against the MAR before opening the package at
    the bedside.
    54

    Rights of Medication Administration


    55

    Right Medication
    Right Dose
    Right Time
    Right Time
    Right Route
    Right Client
    Right Client Education
    56

    Right Documentation
    Right to Refuse
    Right Assessment
    Right Evaluation
    Right Reason
    Right Expiration Date
    57

    Common Abbreviations in Medication Orders


    58

    Common Abbreviations
    59

    Medication Preparation
    60

    Oral
    61

    Capsules
    A gelatinous container to hold a drug in powder, liquid or oil form.
    62

    Tablets
    Powdered drug compressed in a small hard disc.
    63

    Syrup
    An aqueous solution of sugar often used to disguise unpleasant tasting drugs.
    64

    Elixirs
    A sweetened and aromatic solution of alcohol used as a vehicle for medicinal
    agents.
    65

    Lozenges
    A flat, round or oval preparation that dissolves and releases a drug when held in
    the mouth.
    66

    Topical
    67

    Ointment
    Semisolid preparation of one or more drugs used for application to skin and mucous
    membrane.
    68

    Paste
    Thicker and Stiffer than ointment that penetrates the skin less than an ointment.
    69

    Transdermal Patch
    Semipermeable membrane shaped in the form of a disk or patch
    To absorbed through the skin over a long period of time.
    70

    Ophthalmic and Otic


    71

    Drops
    To deliver medication in the sensitive parts of the eyes and ears.
    To relieve congestions and irritations.
    72

    Rectal and Vaginal


    73

    Suppositories
    Drugs mixed with lubricated substance molded to be inserted into the cavities and
    must melt at body temperature to be absorbed.
    74

    Injectables
    75

    Ampules
    Is a glass container usually designed to hold a single dose of a drug.
    Is made of clear glass and has distinctive shape with a constricted neck.
    76

    Vials
    Is a small glass bottle with sealed rubber cap.
    They usually have metal or plastic cap that protects the rubber seal and must be
    removed to access the medication.
    77

    thanks!
    ANY
    QUESTIONS?
    You can find me at:
    @username
    [email protected]
    78

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