binary Amplitude sh kejing (BASk)

BASk waveform isqenevated Simply by ta

+urninq he carricr n and. ofP Hhis procesS
descvibed as On off keyi nq" (0ok)
Transmidier:

Cos 2TPt

AAAAW
Castany

Receiver
Non - Cohestnt Redeiver

FWR Pulse b
shape

AAf
Cohesent Receiver
Squ aye

dev ce

6 PF

Cos(a mht)

S(4)= bCt26 cos(anft) dt

(1t cos2 (2n o

2

olt +
Tos(2TFct )or

b . T
2 JT
i f b t : JE ohen logi c(1)

Tb ilogie
Iogie o
Power specdra of 6ASE:

in C1>
SCP
T +Csc
 SBASK sC Se CP)
TsinT (t £)I,) ET Sin(a(t+t.11,
CPlh)T»

S)
ea

TSsK
Epls

Bandwidth
2
Spectral eficien
Bitrae P o.5biset/tz.
BW

Signal constel lauhon diagvam.

Logjc logit
 ohccn BinaaySk
I n a binary FSk s 4slem symbols and O
e dislinqished from eath other" by ronsmiting
one of two sinuoidal wave hadffer 6 in
facquenty by a Piced mount
A tpical pour f sinooidal wave fs
decibed b
s:Ct:JTcos Cmf;t) osteTb
elseaa
whese i=1,2
Eb an Smilted Siqnal enesgy per bit

Transmitted frequency equals

neti
fos Some fixed integer c
T 3 i-1,2

Thus
Thu 9mbol1 e Tepreoen by SE)
A 3ymbo oby S2(t)D.

Transmidtetr-
m/

Bing ry uavt
(o(2ntt Binay
FSR
(on-ofP oave
Siqnau nq

L Tnve

(1- (os(2nf,t
b

To qenerale a binary FSk signal, this

scheme i Decd
 The inpud binary sequence is vepve ented in
its
binay
off formwith Symbol
on-
TepreenBed by
a, comstarnt ampliude of Sts volls and sumbol o
Tepresented by zero Vols
B y binqaninves ter in the owex channe
we in eect make Suve that hen we have
sumbol 1 a the inputthe oscillaBor with
fsequenc f i n he.. upper channe is Swidched
on' wbile he oscillator with frequenty P2 in
he lowexchannel o Switched off with, the
the
Tsaltthat frequentyffitransmi1led.
ohen Symb'l o ad the inpathe oscillaox
in the upper channel is swiichee ofP, and the
oscillatov in the lowex channel is suithed on
toith he Teult that frcq f2 io transmilled
The tuwo fsequencies f and F2 are chasen
ioleqer mulliples of the bil yale T
to equa
T o the 1ransmitBex the two osci lladars
ave synchYonised , So that their outpul s satisfy
he requi rement s of the two ortho nor mal
basis funcdions P,C) and o,(t)*.
AHerOatively , we may ue a Single keyed

C VolHaqe -controlled)oillator.
oeither cape, he Frequency of the mo odulaed
shifled with Coohnuotua phabe in
toave is a

a CCosdance with the inpu binary wae

Thot is to say,
say phabe continu io always
Maintained in dudi nqhe fo-l er bit switthinq
times
form of diqita Communicad ion io
This P
knownau Continuouo phaevequency shilt
Keuing CCPFS k.
 Receier
The block diaq vom ofRecei verito del.
vo
oriqina binary sequene, etiven the nois receit-
Show n in io

Oecision
(os(2nht) Pevice

T+ Consist of tudo co7TtladoYS with a common

input which are supplied wthlocally q mem
Cohereni eteren ce siqnab ,t)-8P,Ct )
ihe Coelator outpub ave then substracted
one from the otherand he Coulfinq differtra
Compaord oith a HiCohold oP zero vols
T 7 the veceive decides in favos of l
T P < o t decideo in PavoY of o
 Signal conslellation Diaqram/ Gcomelsical Representalid
A ypical pajy of SinuDoida wave
descibedby
CosCos C?mft) ostst
Si(t b
elsewho
whesc I,2 8Eb Transmitled
siqnal enerq per bit

> hese wave oy m repreoen t BFS k signa

T h e signals s,(t)3 S2t) are othoqonal
but not normalized |to hae unit enerqy
The most uefue form for sel of oorthe
sed of
noxma babis functions

9:t Cos(217it) otSb

elsewkere
Corto pondinql, theCocfficient Sij for
i=
1,2 =T2 ave. defined by

Sij Si(t ;(t).olt g

Cos (2f:t) Cos nkt)dt

iti
lhu a coherent binasy k Syiem is chara-

ct ecized by havinq siqnal spae diaq

vcm

hat is two dimén sion al ( N 2) cwith

cwith
wo messaqe poins e . M2)
he twome>Saqe p oiols deined
are
b
the Siqnal Vecdoss
 Cphi(iuilt
S J

Regio

Euclidian distance:
da tb

Probabilihy ef ersox
Theaveraqe probdtbili of smbol erOT fo
Coherent. binary Fsk is

Peee(
Powe Spectra
T n binasy FSK the two rans mited
equencies f and P2olifferbyan
amourt equal to. Hhe bit ale F and
oheir ari thmatic mean equals the nomina
V
Carie Frequenty fc
We aosume' Rat
phase Coninuiy o aboayp
maintained Includinq inter- bit auwikhing
 Cos (20 fet 15
(fet

times
Thu binary FCk may be expred as

st:cos(amft )
os tsTb
os cosCant,t) -

2bSio sin (anfet)

Cos
os(Ca1f4) T si
Sin (277fet)
AD
t h i s fq uaBion ,thepla siqn Corxesponds
toran Smitti nqsumbol o,tandi the minuo siqn
CoTEDponda to rdnsmithing sym bol:1
Based on the equation 0 cwemake the
observationConsiderinq o the inphaoe
Followinq
following
Components of binary
FSk
Sig na
quad quad ratu re

with Cooinuous phaae

completel
is inde-
EIThe in-phabe Component
14 equals
pendent of the inp. binary wave.
Cos (TTtTO fox all valus of ime +
ofthis Compo nent
he power. Spectra densi
thexcfore consiste of two delfa functtons, wighrd
occuri nq at f: *27
the factor CT
by
eThe quadrature component i s divcet oelak
he siq naling
Hothe input bioory waveDuring
indervalostst, i4 equals Ct »hen
we hae symbol 1s-3ct when sue have
is
Symbol O. he symbol shapinq funtlion gCt)
T

ined by
 gct-SU si os isT
ebeohere
The enerqy se dra olensi of this sypmb
Shaping fundn equals
8E,Tb cos CTTEP)

The power
TT(4T-1)
speclral densikof he quadrakre
Componen
CF)8E (os(TTY
T (4T2-1)2
T+ is aloo apparent thaB in-phaoe s
quadratus6 Components ofhe binary FSk
ave indepéndent of each othe
are
Accordingly, the baveband poer s pechra
densi of the BFsk mualo the sum oP Pso
of Heoe hoo Compondts

SgCP): E
2T )+ (t
+8E,Cos CTT,f)
TC4Tp2-13
Le denote he PsD of the
comples envelope st) wkich io babeband
Psd
The power Spechra clensihy SsC) of the
oviginal band pass sgna s(t) is afrequeny
ghPhd version of Se C) e shoonby
S CP LseCf £)+ Sg(P+fe)1
 aCf ) +6(P le
T C ' sT5

2b CoC1,(fil)
+ T2 T1C4it))'

s-(letl

C-P)

2 C Cos'(T( F ) ) . J Ain
+2bCo ((f-1ST;)

T 4T'(P-P-1)? 114T,'(01Py' 1
coC-f)T)

W
 Specke al elficiency
Bit Yale
B W

a a s b i l s / s e c / 1H
,

FS K
Non cohesent binay
Receirer :-
F o y h e ca non Cohertnt deleetio n of BF Sk
Wavetom;he receire a» shoon in hq.
Sample a
Fltes maldhed Enveo pe
JCosCant deler
otT
Co mpaTis
device
AlHer Malded
O Envclo pe
Cos C2nfty delotor Sample at
ostsT3

The veceiver consis+ ot a pajr of matched Plk

folloued b enelo pedetecto
The filler ,in the upper Path of he
is matched to
seca
Cos CaTmPt) and he pagh
in he low e pah madched s Cos(a
The Teuinq envelope delector adputs
are Sanpledi.at band their Vaies ant
Compared.
The envelope Samples of he
lowe paths a e shown ao , 8 2upper
pper
chny
»pton
TP A,z.A2 he receiver decid es in the
of Symbol 1
i f ,< A2 it decideo in He
Favo o symboo
 . ?
M-ary FSk;
I n an Mary. FS k schemethe ansni thd
siqnals aue dePined by
S; (4S osCoCntiE ostsT

neei-1,2, .M
fox Some Fixed
carsier equenryte 2
integex n
The tYans ikd siqnals. ae equaduralion
andand haxe 6qual eñeq E-
S i n c e the siqnal frequencien a r e
individual
Sepaxad.ed by STHz5he siqnalbare orthogonal

Si(tSCt) dt

ransmitter.

Seval to bit Vm Freg

Pasauel OAC
Mo dulako
Conver
Tansmitkr
The block diaqxam of M Ary FSk
shown i0 igue:
bttd sireamo (onvestecd ta indo pAKallel
he
bit sBaeam of n bik
prenented each Ts pemoe
An n bit symbol
applied to 0/A onrexder
applied o a feq ueny
The convexBex Oudput ishardware
of which generakeo
modulator e piece oleiermined
elelermined
hose irequency0
a caxxier wave torm
b y themodulatinq waveform.

for e duradion_of
The transmidEd Siqnal
s o f d r t q uenry fo, or m
Symbointerval

oih_M:2
 Receive =
B PF Cnyelope
Dekt or

Select
8PF Enve lope lavget Dbit
mFSKt deleclor opu Oudpuk
CAOC)
6P F
Envelope*
m delectos

he incominq siq nial do applied to

Af xeceive
Mparallele d band pans P:ers Pach fol lowed

by an envelope delector'
The baundpass Pilors have centes hrtquency

The envclope detectors pplytheir opula

o a device which delermine cohich oP he
deletor indicadions is the lavqeoqnd
transmibihat encelopei output to ao n.bit
A D convexkr

PSD Df MESk siqnal

Smss CP-+stf+P)]+ (P-)+SPHt-

nSiné(IE-PDT,)+Sin(rCe4£)nT)
sin c1 (P-Em) nT) Sin?r(EtEn)T

ww c
 SinFSK

Pm

-8 W- M.2
n

B-W M2 22 n

Specrum eFhcieny:
b i k lec/4,.
8it rae
B W
to/p 0+T

2n fp
Greomehical Reprtoentation-

dmPSk 2