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Sokia

This article summarizes opinions from a survey of stakeholders in Pakistan's book industry on the future of digital books in Urdu. The survey was conducted between 2015-2017 with publishers, librarians, authors, readers and others. On average, most believe that within a decade, the number of Urdu digital book readers will match physical books. However, they also feel there is little potential for business opportunities in Urdu digital books currently. The article concludes with recommendations to further explore business models for Urdu digital publishing.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
38 views9 pages

Sokia

This article summarizes opinions from a survey of stakeholders in Pakistan's book industry on the future of digital books in Urdu. The survey was conducted between 2015-2017 with publishers, librarians, authors, readers and others. On average, most believe that within a decade, the number of Urdu digital book readers will match physical books. However, they also feel there is little potential for business opportunities in Urdu digital books currently. The article concludes with recommendations to further explore business models for Urdu digital publishing.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Urdu Digital Books in Pakistan Survey and Assessment ( In Urdu Language)

Article · June 2019

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Raees Ahmed Mughal


Government Post Graduate College, Nowshera, KP, Pakistan
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‫خخ‬
۲۰۱۸ ،‫ �زاں‬،‫��بان‬ 67

�� ‫ � � �وے � �� اور‬:� � � �‫اردو ڈ‬
‫  اور‬،‫ �� �ور‬،‫ � اردو‬،� ‫ �� �ور۔�و� ڈا� �ن‬،‫ � اردو‬،��‫� ا� ڈى ا‬،� �‫ر� ا‬
‫ �� �ور۔‬،�� �� � �‫�و وا� �� �� �ور و �و‬،�� � �‫�و� ڈا‬

ABSTRACT
This article is a fragment of nationwide survey conducted in 2015-
17 for PhD project “Urdu Digital Kutub” [Urdu Digital Books] registered
at Department of Urdu, University of Peshawar, Pakistan. The article
consists of opinions of ten types of stakeholders related to book industry
and is aimed at predicting the future of digital books in Urdu language.
Though diverse in nature, at average the survey shows that majority
believes that in terms of numbers of readers, digital books in Urdu
language will reach that of paper books in coming one decade; and they are
also of the opinion that there is very little prospect of Urdu digital books’
business. At end of the article besides analysis of the opinions,
recommendations to explore business possibilities are also presented.
Keywords: Digital Books: Urdu Digital Books; Digital Gap; Digital
Literacy; Reading Habits; Pakistan

:� �� ‫�رف اور‬
 ‫��  �ور  �  �   ا�پ�  وا�  � ا  �  ڈى  ��’اردو  ڈ�  �‘�  ا ى�   ا�بب‬،‫ �  ء  اردو‬
‫ت ب ت‬ ‫ئن ت‬
 ،‫زر]�ب‬ ‫ ��ر[؛اور �اپ�  سئبئااً د� �ا� ر‬،�� ، �‫ �ا‬،‫ �ور‬،‫�پا�ن �  �پا�ن � �پا� �ى �ا�زر]ا�م آ�باد‬
 ‫  �ب  �  �  دس  �دى‬،�  ��  �[2017-2015]  ‫  �   ب�رس‬،  �  [��  ،‫�  �ر‬،‫�ال‬،‫�ال‬
‫ت‬ ‫ف‬
‫�صنفى ى ن‬
 ‫�و�ں ]  اردو  ن اور �اء؛�� اور�� ؛�و� �ر اور �وف �ر؛ �زر� �ر؛�� �� � ��ن؛‬
‫ت‬ ‫ن‬
 ‫  �ؤ�؛  اردو  �  ��ر�  ۔[  �  ار�ن  �  آرا  اور‬/‫�ا��  �؛  �ا�جران ِ�  ؛  �ب  دار؛��  و�  ا�ز‬
 � � ‫ ا�فراد �  ڈ� � اور اردو‬1380  � ‫�رات �� � �  � � �وے � � �۔ �وے‬
‫ت‬
 �  �  ‫(  �  �  �ن‬Survey)  ��  �    (Statistics)  ‫�    �ؤ  ں  �  را�  �  �۔  �ِ  �ر ىا�ت‬
Successive Independent Samples �  �  ��  ‫�  ��ں  �  اس‬
‫ت ت‬ ‫ت‬
 �  �‫ ا�ز  �  �  �  ا ى�  �وہ  �  ��وں    �  �  �  و‬
‫��  ا�ر  �  �۔    اس  ��  � ى ا‬Studies
 ‫ اور‬،[.Hox, J. J]�� � ‫ �ا  ى� � �فرد � دو �� را� � � ��)�پ‬،� �� � �‫ا�فراد � را‬
‫خخ‬
‫��بان‪� ،‬زاں‪۲۰۱۸ ،‬‬ ‫‪68‬‬
‫د�‪95:2017-93،‬ء(۔  �ں  �  �ف  �  �  �وہ  �  �  ���  �  ��  �‪  �  ،‬د�  ��  � ‬
‫ت ت‬
‫�‪،‬و�‪�  ،‬م  و�ہ  �  ��ت  �  �ر  �  ��  وا�  �فرق  �  �  �  آ�  �‪  ،‬اور  ��  �  �ا�ت  � ‬
‫ت‬ ‫ز ىا�دہ  ب‬
‫�� ا�ر �اب � آ�ا �۔ اس �وے � �� � ز ىا�دہ ��ہ اور � �� � � �م دس ��ت �‪ ،‬‬
‫ہر‬
‫� �وہ � � ا�فراد � �ا�� � �اب � �‪� � � ،‬ص �ر � اس  ا�بت � ا�م � � � �اب د�ہ ‬
‫� �م � � ��  ىا� �اد � ‬ ‫�‪ ،� ،‬ا�دى �وہ اور � در� � �ظ � � �ں۔ � �وہ �  ہ ر‬
‫��قرار ر� � � � � �فرد � را� � � �۔ � �� ‬ ‫ا�فراد � � آ�‪ ،‬و�ں �وے � �ر �  ب ر‬
‫ت‬ ‫ئ‬
‫و� �و� او ر ا�ز � � �ہ �� � �� �اد � ا�فراد � �  ٓا� � �وے � � �ر �وں � �ود ‬
‫ر‬
‫ر� �۔‬
‫ش‬
‫ �س  �  اردو ‬ ‫�وے  �  ا ى�  �  ا���  �ال  �  �  �ا�  �  �  �  �  ’آپ  �  را�  �  � ب ر‬
‫ش‬
‫را�  ���  �؟‘۔  اس  �ال  � ‬ ‫ ��  ��  وا�  �  �  �ر�  � ب � ب ر‬ ‫ڈ�  �  �  �ر�  �  �اد‪ �  ��  ،‬ا‬
‫ن‬
‫ا�� �ا ا�بت �  �اب د�ہ � ’دس ب �رس‪  � ،‬ب�رس‪� ،‬س ب �رس‪ � ‘� � ،‬ا��ات � � �ا  ى� � ‬
‫ت ت‬
‫ا�ب � � � ۔اس � � � و� � �و�ں � را�‪ ،‬ا�ازے اور ڈ� ا�ر � وا� �  �� �۔ ‬
‫ش‬
‫ذ� � اس �ال �  �وے � �ا� �م �و�ں �� وا� �ا ا�بت اور ان � �� � � �ر� �۔ز ى�ادہ ‬
‫ذ‬ ‫ش‬ ‫ز‬
‫ � �وہ � ا�ادى ا�اد و �ر �دف �د� ‬ ‫� ز ى�ادہ �� اور  ر��ات  � ا�غ � �ض � �وے � �ا� ہ ر‬
‫ش‬
‫� � ‪ � ،‬ہ �ر �ال � �� �ا� ر� � �۔‬
‫ف‬
‫�صنفى ى ن‬
‫‪ ‬اردو  ن اور �اء� آراء‬
‫ن‬ ‫ش‬
‫�ب  �  ‪  ،‬ا�م  آ�باد‪�  ،‬ور‪�  ،‬ا�‪  ��  ،  ��  ،‬اور  ��ر  �    �اب  د��ن ‬
‫اد�ں  اور  �ا�وں  �   ب‬
‫ � با�ر  �  �ر�  �  �� ‬
‫�  اس  ا�ن  �  �ً  رد  �د ىا�  �  �  اردوڈ�  �  �  �  ��ى  �  � ب ر‬
‫��پا� �۔ اس � �� ��‪� �،‬ل ر� وا� ا�فراد � �ح �  پ�ا�ن � اردوڈ� � � � ��ى ‬
‫ت ت‬ ‫ت ت‬
‫را� � آ� � ‪�،‬ا� �ر بب � � � � ‪ � � 5‬زا� �۔ � برب � � �ح ‪ � ،� � 55‬‬
‫� � ب � ب ر‬
‫�با� � � � د� � �ا�ابت � � ز ىا�دہ �۔‬
‫�  دس ب ر‬
‫ �س  �  ��  �  �  ��  �  ��  �  �  ر�  وا�ں  �  �اد  �  ا�  ��  �۔ ‬
‫�ا� اور ��ر � ‪�� � 95‬ل � � ا ى� �ے � � �� � ��� � ب ب‬
‫ � � �ور� ‪ � 90‬اور ‬
‫ا�م آ ا�بد �   ‬
‫‪� �75‬اب د�ہ اس � � ر� �۔‬
‫خخ‬
‫��بان‪� ،‬زاں‪۲۰۱۸ ،‬‬ ‫‪69‬‬
‫‪ �� ‬اور �� � آراء‬
‫ � با�ر � �ر� � �� � ا�پ� �‪ ،‬اس را� ‬ ‫اردو � ڈ� �ب � � �� � �ب � ب ر‬
‫ت ت‬ ‫ت‬
‫�  ��  �ر  �  �رى  ا� ىت  �  رد  �  �  �۔  �ر بب  �  ‪  �  15‬اور  ��  �  ‪�  �  �  5‬ا‪ �  ��  �  ،‬‬
‫ �س � ا� � �‪ ،‬اس ا�ن � � ا�فراد ‬ ‫ ��‪� ،‬ف دس ب ر‬ ‫اس � �ح � � � زا� �۔ اس � ب ر‬
‫ت‬ ‫ت‬
‫��  ا� ىت  �  �ل  �  �  �  �ف  دس  �ل ‬
‫ ��  �ح �  ‪�  �  40‬۔  �ظ  ��‪�  ،‬اب  د�وں  �   ب‬
‫�  � ر‬
‫ت‬
‫� �ر ��‪ ،‬اس � � �ظ �ح ‪ ،‬ز ىا�دہ  ر� � �ل � � �  ب ر�س � اردو � ڈ� � �ں � �ر� ‬
‫ر� �ں �۔‬
‫ت‬
‫اس  �ف  �  �  �س ب ر‬
‫ �س  �  �  �ت  �  ا�ازہ  ��  وا�  ا�زراد  ‪�  �،‬اد  �  �ڑے  �‪ �  ،‬‬
‫�ا�  ��ر  � ہ �ر  �  اس  را�  �  �  �  �  �۔  وہ  �اب  د�ہ  �  �  را�  �  �س ب ر‬
‫ �س  �  اردو  ڈ� ‬
‫ش‬
‫� ‪� � �� ،‬ا� �� وا� � � ب � برا� ر� �ر� �� � �اپ� �‪ ،‬ان � او�  �ح ‪� � 7‬۔‬
‫‪ � ‬ىر‬
‫�ان اور �وف �اں � آراء‬
‫ت‬ ‫ٹن‬ ‫ت‬
‫�اب  د�وں  �  �  �وہ  �ں  � ب �راہ  را�  �ر�  اور  ا�ڈ�ى  �  �  ر�ا  �‪  ،‬اس  �  �ں ‬
‫ت ت‬
‫� ��� � ا�ل اوراس � ر�ن � وہ را� �� آ� � � اس و� ہ �ارے اداروں � �پا� �� �۔ ‬ ‫� ىد‬
‫جد‬
‫ش‬
‫ �س � اردو ڈ� � � � �ر� ‪� � �� ،‬ا� �� وا� � ‬ ‫� وا� �ح اس � � � � ا� دس ب ر‬
‫ � با�ر  ���  �۔  اس  �  � ب‬
‫ �  �  �  �ح  ��  آ�  �  وہ  ��ر  �  �‪�  �75�  ،‬۔  اس  �  �اب� ‬ ‫� بر‬
‫�درا�  �‪  �  ،‬ا�  �  �  �  ��  �‪�  ،‬ا�  �ا�  �  ا ى�   فر�د  �‪�  ،‬رے  �پا�ن  �   ُاس  �  �  � ‬
‫ا�ق � �۔‬
‫تز‬
‫‪� ‬ز� � � ہ ر‬
‫ ��� � آراء‬
‫�� �� ا�اد و �ر � ��‪ ،‬ہ ر‬
‫ � �اب د�ہ � ذا� را� اور ا�ازے � ‬ ‫�� � � � �ال �  ب‬ ‫ہر‬
‫�  �۔  اس  �   ب‬
‫�  �  �ان  �  ا� �  ��� �  �  اردو  � �  �  ��  �ر  �  �  ��۔    �ا� ‬
‫�  اس  �  �ح  ‪��  �  �  �  15‬ر  �  اس  �  �  د�  �ح  �  �اب  د�ہ  اس  �  �  �۔  �ں  �    ‬
‫�‬
‫�وے � �ود � �ال � �اب �م �� � � �‪ ،‬اس � و��ت � � � � ��۔ � � اس ‬
‫ت‬
‫�ال � �اب � � �� آ�ى ا� �اب د�ہ � ا� ىت � �  ‬
‫ل� � �فرق � � � �  ب�رس � دور ��� �۔ ‬
‫‪�� � �� �� ‬ن � آراء‬
‫خخ‬
‫��بان‪� ،‬زاں‪۲۰۱۸ ،‬‬ ‫‪70‬‬
‫ت‬ ‫ش‬
‫� �ال �وے � � ى� �م �و�ں � �ا�� � �ا� �‪ ،‬ا �� اس �وہ � اس � �اب ‬
‫� ا ى� ر�ن � ��� � � ر�۔  ہ �ر � � �اب د�ہ � �ح � � آراء � �� �۔ ��ر � ‬
‫را�  �اد  �  ��  �  �پا�  �  � ‬ ‫‪�  �  �  25‬ل  �  �  ڈ�  �  �  �ر�  �  �  ��ى  �  � ب � ب ر‬
‫ٹ‬
‫ �س � � � �ر �� � را� ‬ ‫�ا� � اس �  ا�ب� ا� � �ح � � �۔ اس �ح ا��ٓ ا�بد � دس ب ر‬
‫ت‬
‫د� وا�ں � �ح ‪� � � � 5‬ا� � � �ح ‪� � � 40‬۔ ��ً آراء � ا� �وت �ال � � �وہ ‬
‫ن‬
‫ �� �‬
‫� � �رت � � � ا‬
‫ن‬
‫‪� ‬ا�� � � آراء‬
‫ش‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ن‬
‫ � ب ر ‬
‫ا�‬ ‫�ا��  �  ا� ىت  �  �ل  �  �  اردو  �  ڈ�  �  ا�  �  ��  � ا‬
‫ ��  ��  وا�  �  � ب ر‬
‫ �س � �� � �۔‬ ‫� �ر� �� ��پا� � � اس � � � �س ب ر‬
‫ن‬
‫� � �� � ‪�3‬ا�� � �ل � � � � ا� � � � �پا� �۔ ‬ ‫ ا�م آ�ابد � ‪�2‬ا� � ‪ 1‬ب ب‬
‫ن‬
‫ �س � � ��� �۔ ‬ ‫ا�ى ا� دس ب ر‬ ‫� � �� �‪�� 95‬ا�� � اس � ا�ر � � � �  ب ر� ب ر‬ ‫ب ب‬
‫ت‬
‫‪� ‬ا�جران ِ� � آراء‬
‫ن‬ ‫ت‬
‫�  �  �  ادارے   ىا�  ��ت  �  �م  ��د�  �  ‪�  ،‬ا�جران ِ�  �   ب‬
‫�ب  �  اس  �ا  ل  �  �اب ‬
‫ت‬
‫��  �  �  ان  �  ذا�  ا�ازے  �  �  �۔    �ا�  د�  �و�ں  � ب �ر�  اس  �ا  ل  �  �اب  �  �  �  وا� ‬ ‫ہر‬
‫نش‬
‫ر�ن � �ا�� � �۔ ‬
‫�  ��ت  �  �  �  �ح  �  �ا��  �  �اب  ��ل  ��  �‪  ،‬اس  �  �  ا�ازہ  � ىا� ‬
‫خ خ ت‬ ‫ت‬ ‫خ‬ ‫خ خ ت‬
‫��  �  �  اس  �ال  �  �اب  �  �  �  �رو�  �  �  ا�راد  �  ‪ ،‬ب �راہ  را�  ڈ�  �  �  �رو�  � ‬
‫ ��را� ا�ازے � �� ‪ � ،‬د�ك ا�ازے )‪� � (Wild Guess‬م ��۔‬ ‫�� � �� � و� �‪ ،‬ہ‬
‫‪� ‬ب داروں � آراء‬
‫اس  �ال  �  �ا�ابت  �  ��  �  �  �  �  ا�  �  �  �ب  دار  �  �  �  ’�رى‘  �  �اد  وہ ‬
‫�گ �� � � �ب �� آ� ُاس � و�� � � ��  � �ىا � � �� ا�دہ �� �۔ � �ب ‬
‫ش‬
‫داروں � �ں اس �ال � �م � � � � �� � �ا� �ہ ان � � �� � ��د اور ا� ا� �وں � ‬
‫ٹ‬
‫�  �اپ‪   ��  ،‬ىا�  د�  ڈ�  آ�ت  �  �ر�  �  �از�  �  ��۔  �  ا�ں  �  �ب  ��  �  ��د  ڈ� ‬
‫ش‬
‫�  اور  �ب  ��  �  ��د  ��  �  �ا�  ��  وا�  �ن  �  �  �ح  ا�دہ  �  ا�  �  �  �  �۔  اس ‬
‫خخ‬
‫��بان‪� ،‬زاں‪۲۰۱۸ ،‬‬ ‫‪71‬‬
‫ � �‪ � ،‬ا�اد و �ر ڈ� � � ا ى�  ہ‬ ‫ہ ٹ‬
‫��را� ا�ازہ ‬ ‫� د� �و�ں � اس �ا� � د� � �ا ا�بت �‬
‫ت‬
‫� �ر � ا�ل � �� �� �۔‬
‫ت‬
‫�ب داروں � ا� ىت اس � � � � ا�ا ى� �ے � ڈ� � � �ر� �� � � ‬
‫ت‬ ‫ت‬
‫ �� �ح � ‪� � � � 65‬ح � � �۔ ‬ ‫ا� �ں �۔  اس � � ر‬‫ � ب ر‬
‫� ا�دہ �� وا� �ر� � ب ر‬
‫ٹ‬
‫دو�ى �ف‪ ،‬اس �  ا�ب� ا�‪� ،‬رے  پ�ا�ن � �ف ا ى� �اب د�ہ � اس را� � ا�ر � � � ا� ‬
‫ت‬ ‫ت‬
‫ ��  �ح ‬ ‫�  �  ��  �پا�  �‪  ،‬اور  �س ب �رس  �  �  ��  �  �  �  ��  وا�  �ب  داروں  �  � ر‬
‫ت‬
‫‪�  �  20‬۔�ب  داروں  �  اس  ا�  �  ا�ق  �  آ�ا  �  �  اردو  �  ڈ�  �  �  �ں  �حِ  ا�دہ  ا ى  ‬
‫�‬
‫ت‬
‫�ے   ىا�  �  �  �  دو  �ے  �  �ابت  �۔  اس  �  �ح  �  و�  �ب  داروں  �  �ر�‪  ،‬د�  ز�با�ں  � ‬
‫ت‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ف‬
‫ �اہ را�  � اور ‬ ‫ڈ� �ن � ا�دہ � ر��ات اور � � ڈ� آ�ت � ا�ل � ر��ات  � ب ر‬
‫ت‬
‫� ا�بت �� �۔‬
‫ ��� � آراء‬ ‫‪ �� ‬و� ادارے اور ہ ر‬
‫ت‬
‫��  ا� ىت  �  را�  �  �  �  اردو  �  ڈ�  �  ‪�  ،‬ر�  اور  �ر�  �  ا�ر  � ‬ ‫ہر‬
‫���  �   ب‬
‫�� � ‬ ‫را� ��� �۔ �وہ از� ‪  � � ،‬ہ ر‬ ‫ز ىا�دہ � ز ىا�دہ دس ب �رس � �� � � � ا�دہ �� وا�ں � ب � ب ر‬
‫ ��� � � �ل � � � �  ب�رس � �ر �� ان � �اد ‬ ‫ �س‘ اور ’� �‘ � � � �۔  وہ ہ ر‬ ‫’�س ب ر‬
‫ش‬
‫�  �  ��  ر  �  �  �۔  اس  �  و�  �ا�  ان ہ ر‬
‫ ���  �  د�  �  �ى  �  ��  �� ‬ ‫ا�م  آ�باد  � ا  ى�   ب ب‬
‫ئز‬
‫ڈ� ز�� � ر�ن � ��ہ �۔‬
‫‪ ‬اردو � � �ر� � آراء‬
‫ش‬
‫را� � �ر� �� � � �پا� �‪ ،‬اس ‬ ‫اردو ڈ� � � � �� � �ا� �� وا� � � ب � ب ر‬
‫ت ت‬
‫ا�� �اب � ا�� � برب � � ز ىا�دہ � �ح  � ‪� � ،� � � � � 30‬ور‪�،‬ال‪�،‬ا� ‪ �� ،‬‬
‫ت ت‬
‫ �ار  د ىا�  �۔  اس  � ب �ر�‪  ،‬ا�  دس ب �رس  � ‬ ‫اور  ��ر  �  �  ا ى�  ا ى�  �اب  د�ہ  �  اس  ا�ن  �  در� ر‬
‫ش‬
‫� � � ‬ ‫را� �اد � �ں �‪ ،‬اس ا�ن � �  ب‬ ‫ �� �� وا� � �  ب� ب ر‬ ‫اردو ڈ� � � �ر� ‪ � �� ،‬ا‬
‫ت ت‬
‫�ح )‪� (� 5‬ر بب � دى �‪ � ،‬اس � �ا‪ ،‬اور � � � �ح ‪� � � � 30‬۔ ��ر � اس � � ‬
‫ت‬
‫��  �ح  ‪ ،�  �  80‬ب ب‬
‫ �  �  ��  �  ‪  �  70‬اور  ا�م  آ ا�بد  �  ‪  �  60‬ا�زراد  �  اس  ا�ن  �  ز ىا�دہ   قر�� ‬ ‫ر‬
‫خخ‬
‫��بان‪� ،‬زاں‪۲۰۱۸ ،‬‬ ‫‪72‬‬
‫ �س � � ا�ن ہ‬
‫ ��ر �� وا�ں � �اد‪ � � 5 � � 55‬در�  ‬
‫ن‬ ‫�س اور �س ب ر‬
‫�س � �۔  �  ب ر‬
‫�۔‬
‫ش‬
‫ �� �� �  �ش � �۔  اس  � � وا� ‬ ‫اس �وہ �  ہ ر‬
‫� �‪ � ،‬اور � �ر � ا�فراد � ا‬
‫�ا�ابت � ذا� ا�ازے �� � �� �� ‪�� � ،‬دہ �رت �ل � �� ر�  ��‪ � �� ،‬ا�بت  � ‬
‫�  �۔    اس  �ودات  �  ��  ر�‪  �  ،‬اس  �ال  �  ا��  �ا ا�بت  �  �  �ت  ��  آ�  �  �  اردو ‬
‫ت‬
‫� �اد �ل �� �‪ � ،‬اس � �غروغ اور � � �بارے � � ‬ ‫ڈ� � � � �ف �ر� � و�  ر‬
‫�ك  �  �ر  �۔  اردو  �  �  ڈ�  �غروغ  �  �ا�  �  �  �ر  ت  �ل  �  ��  ا�ا  �  �  ‪� ،‬ب  � ‬
‫ت خ‬
‫ٓ�ى  �ڑڑى‪�  ،‬ر�  �  �ف  ڈ�  �رت  �  �ب  �  ا�  �  ��  �‪  �  ،‬اس  �  � ‬ ‫��  �  ا ر‬
‫ت‬
‫ �� � � � ر� ��‪ � ،‬ا�ازہ � � ر� � � ا� دس � �  ب�رس �   ‬
‫�‬ ‫� �بارے � � ‪�� ،‬دہ ر‬
‫ت‬ ‫ت‬
‫� � �ر� � � � ��۔‬ ‫و�  ر‬
‫�� �� اور �� ��‪:‬‬
‫ن‬
‫اس  �وے  �  ر��ات  �  وا�  ��  �  �  �با�م  �پا��  ��ے  �  اردو  �  �  ڈ� ‬
‫خ‬ ‫ت‬
‫ ا��ت  �  ا��ت   پا��  ��  �  اور  او�  �ح  �  �  �  ر� ‬
‫�رت  �  �م  �رف  ��د  �‪�،‬ا�  اس  � ا‬
‫ش‬
‫��  �  ‪�،‬اب  د��ن  �  را�  �‪  ،‬آ�ہ  دس ب �رس  مىىںااردو  �  �  �ر�  �  �اد  ‪ �  ��  ،‬ا‬
‫ ��  ��  وا� ‬
‫� � ب � برا�ر �� � ا�ن �۔‬
‫ز‬ ‫ت‬
‫�  � ‬ ‫�ا�  ان  ��  �  �  ا�ق  �  �  �  �دى  �ودات  �  �ظ  ر�  ��ا  �زم  �۔   ُان  �   ب‬
‫ش‬
‫ �� �� وا� � اور ڈ� �‪ ،‬دو�ں � �ا� � �� ا�اد و ‬ ‫او� � � � � �پا�ن � �� � ا‬
‫ �ؤ��  �  �  اداروں  � ‬ ‫�ى  اور  �   ب� فڈڈ‬
‫�ر  د�ب  �۔    �وے  آف   پ�ا�ن‪�  ،‬پا�ن  �  �� ى ر‬
‫ت‬ ‫ش‬
‫�ب � ���ت‪� ،‬اد اور �دات �� � � ا�اد و �ر � � آورى اور ان � ا�ا� � �� �م ��د ‬
‫ش‬
‫�� ا�فراد � آراء � ا�ازے‪�� ،‬ے اور �س � � � �� �۔‬ ‫� �۔ اس � �وے �  ا‬
‫ت خخ‬
‫ �� ��ت )‪ � �  (Dataset‬ا ى� � � اور �ارى � ‬ ‫� ر‬ ‫�وہ از�‪ �� � �،‬و�  ر‬
‫تف‬
‫��  ��  ا�از  �  رو�  ڈال  ر�  �۔  �اب  د��ن  �  �‪  �  ،�  ،‬اور  �ب    اور  �  �  �  �� ‬
‫ت ت‬ ‫ز‬
‫�  �فرق  �  ��  ��  ��  �  اس  ا�  �  �  ا�ثر  ��ا  �زم  �  �  �وے  ا ى�  �  و�  �  �  �  ��  � ‬
‫خخ‬
‫��بان‪� ،‬زاں‪۲۰۱۸ ،‬‬ ‫‪73‬‬
‫�� �  ب�رس � �� �� � � � �۔ ان �ودات � � � ر� ��‪ ،‬ان �� � � � �� ‬
‫ن ت‬
‫ب‬
‫��ہ ر��ات �رار د� �� �۔ ‬
‫ش‬
‫��ِ �� اور �ر�ات‪:‬‬
‫خ‬
‫�پا�ن  �  ��  �  �روغ‪�  ،‬ا��  �  ا��  اور  ا�  ا�ا�)‪ (Capacity Building‬‬
‫�  �  �ب  �  �  �  ا�م  �زم  �۔  اس  �  �  او�  �ط ب‬
‫ ��  ا�ر  ا�اد  و  �ر  �  �ل  �۔  �پا�ن ‬
‫ن‬
‫�  �  ‪�  �  ،  �  ،�  ،‬ارج  اور  �ا��  �ع  �    �ا�  �  ��دہ  �دات  ��  اور  ر��ات  �  �  �� ‬
‫� �  �ب �  � �م � اور � ادارے � � � � �� �ى  � ا� �ں �۔ اس  � ‬
‫� �� � �  ب� �� � �دى ا� � �وے �ا� �� � �ں � �دات �� � �ا ىا� �� ‬
‫بنى ش‬
‫وا�  �وے  �� �  �  �ا�  �)ا�  �ر�‪1976:‬ء(۔  �  ادارہ  اب   ى ل   ب�  �ؤ�نڈڈ�  �  �  �� �‪  ،‬اس ‬
‫ش‬
‫�  �دى  ذ�  دارى  اب  �   ب�  �ؤ�فڈڈ�  �  �  �  وہ  �  �  �  �م  ��‪  ��  �  ،‬اور  �  ا��ا� ‬
‫ش ت‬ ‫اداروں � �� � � �پا�ن � �دات �� � ب‬
‫ �� ا�ر ا�اد و �ر � � آورى اور ا�ا� � ��۔‬
‫ن‬
‫د�  �  �  �ور  �  �  ��  ��ے  ڈ�  �ا��  اور  ڈ�  ا��ات  �  �رى  �ح ‬
‫ٹ ئ‬
‫ �ر�‪2004:‬ء(۔ا�  �وے  �  د�  �ا�ت  اور  اس  ��  �  �  �  � ‬ ‫ا�دہ  �ا�  �  )را�جر ى ر‬
‫ڑڑ‬ ‫ن‬
‫ا��ت  �  �  ��  وا�  �   ب�ے  �ا�‪ ��  :‬‬‫دوران  �  وا�  �ا  �  �پا�ن  مىىںڈڈڈ�  �  �  �ر�   ا‬
‫ت‬ ‫تن‬ ‫ن‬ ‫���‪   ��  ،‬ئ ٹ‬
‫�ں  �ا�  ��  ��  �  �  ��  �‪�،‬ا�  ان ‬ ‫راٹ  �  �ف  ورزى‪  ،‬اور  �  �  �  ��ا  �۔  �   ى و‬
‫خ خ ت‬ ‫تن‬
‫�ں �ت � ا ى� �رى � ا� ��د � � � اردو � ڈ� � � �ر� � � �رى اور �رو� � ‬ ‫ىو‬
‫ئ‬
‫�۔  �ر� ادارے اور �� و�رى �ؤس ‪،‬د� � اداروں � �ون ��ف � �� � �م � � ‬
‫ت‬ ‫خ خ ت‬ ‫تن‬
‫ �ں �زرا�ں � �باو�د ‪�،‬رى �ر � اردو � �ر� � � ڈ� � � �رو� � �� �۔‬ ‫�� ان ى و‬
‫ � � � � � ا ى� � �� � ڈ� و�� � ���فرد � � � �ت ‬ ‫ا�ٰ � اداروں اور ہ ر‬
‫خ‬
‫ �� �و� �م ‬ ‫� � � � �اور � � � �� � � � � �� �  ۔�وہ از� � ��ں � ب‬ ‫� ىد‬
‫ر‬
‫راٹ  �  �ف  ورزى  �  رو�  ��  �  اور  �ر�  اداروں  �  �  ان  �  ��ت  �  � ‬ ‫�  �م  �  ��   ئ ٹ‬
‫خ خ ت‬
‫�  ر�و� � � � � �اد � � � � ��۔‬
‫خخ‬
۲۰۱۸ ،‫ �زاں‬،‫��بان‬ 74

:‫�ا� �ت‬
Chartier, R. (2004). Languages, books, and reading from the printed
word to the digital text. Critical Inquiry, 31(1), 133-152.
Hox, J. J., Moerbeek, M., & van de Schoot, R. (2017).Multilevel
analysis: Techniques and applications. Routledge.
Khurshid, Anis. (1976) What Children Read. National Book Council,
Pakistan.

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