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Class 05

This document provides an overview of steady heat conduction. It has the following key points: - It discusses objectives of understanding thermal resistance networks, solving steady conduction problems involving multilayer geometries, developing an understanding of thermal contact resistance, and solving multidimensional problems. - It covers steady heat conduction in plane walls, where the temperature depends only on one direction and forms a straight line. Fourier's law of heat conduction and Newton's law of cooling are also discussed. - The concept of thermal resistance is introduced, with analogies to electrical resistance. Temperature drops across layers are proportional to their thermal resistances. - A thermal resistance network model is presented for heat transfer through a plane wall with convection

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Dia' Afaneh
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33 views9 pages

Class 05

This document provides an overview of steady heat conduction. It has the following key points: - It discusses objectives of understanding thermal resistance networks, solving steady conduction problems involving multilayer geometries, developing an understanding of thermal contact resistance, and solving multidimensional problems. - It covers steady heat conduction in plane walls, where the temperature depends only on one direction and forms a straight line. Fourier's law of heat conduction and Newton's law of cooling are also discussed. - The concept of thermal resistance is introduced, with analogies to electrical resistance. Temperature drops across layers are proportional to their thermal resistances. - A thermal resistance network model is presented for heat transfer through a plane wall with convection

Uploaded by

Dia' Afaneh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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kfupm.edu.

sa

Heat Transfer (CHE 300)


STEADY HEAT CONDUCTION
Dr. Robin S.M. Chrystie
Assistant Professor
Chemical Engineering Department
King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
Objectives I

Understand
• Understand the concept of thermal resistance and its limitations, and develop
thermal resistance networks for practical heat conduction problems

Solve
• Solve steady conduction problems that involve multilayer rectangular,
cylindrical, or spherical geometries

Develop
• Develop an intuitive understanding of thermal contact resistance, and
circumstances under which it may be significant

2
Objectives II

Identify
• Identify applications in which insulation may actually increase heat
transfer!

Analyze
• Analyze finned-surfaces, and assess how efficiently and effectively fins
enhance heat transfer

Solve
• Solve multidimensional practical heat conduction problems using
conduction shape factors

3
STEADY HEAT CONDUCTION IN PLANE WALLS
Heat transfer through the wall of a house can be
modeled as steady and one-dimensional.
The temperature of the wall in this case depends
on one direction only (say the x-direction) and
can be expressed as T(x).

for steady operation


In steady operation, the rate of heat transfer
through the wall is constant.

Fourier’s law
of heat
conduction
4
The rate of heat conduction through
a plane wall is proportional to the
average thermal conductivity, the
wall area, and the temperature
difference, but is inversely
proportional to the wall thickness.

Once the rate of heat conduction is


Under steady conditions, the available, the temperature T(x) at
temperature profile in a plane wall is any location x can be determined by
a straight line: dT/dx = const. replacing T2 by T, and L by x.
5
Thermal Resistance Concept

Conduction resistance of the wall:


Thermal resistance of the wall
against heat conduction.
Thermal resistance of a medium Analogy between thermal and electrical
depends on the geometry and the resistance concepts.
thermal properties of the medium.
rate of heat transfer  electric current
thermal resistance  electrical resistance
Electrical resistance temperature difference  voltage difference

6
Newton’s law of cooling

Convection resistance of the


surface: Thermal resistance of the
surface against heat convection.

Schematic for convection resistance at a surface.


When the convection heat transfer coefficient is very large (h → ),
the convection resistance becomes zero and Ts  T
That is, the surface offers no resistance to convection, and thus it
does not slow down the heat transfer process.
This situation is approached in practice at surfaces where boiling and
condensation occur. 7
Thermal Resistance Network

The thermal resistance network for heat transfer through a plane wall subjected to
convection on both sides, and the electrical analogue.

8
Temperature drop

(W/K)
U overall heat
transfer coefficient

Once Q is evaluated, the


surface temperature T1 can
be determined from

The temperature drop across a layer is


proportional to its thermal resistance.
9

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