VMC MANUAL PROGRAMMING  

HANDBOOK
INITIAL CODING KNOWLEDGE WITH VERTICAL
MACHINING CENTER

AUTHOR
CHINMAYA KUMAR BEHERA
 
 VMC MANUAL PROGRAMMING HANDBOOK
CONTENTS:-
1. IMPORTANAT CODING KNOWLEDGE(G-CODE & M-CODE)
2. NORMAL DRILING  CYCLE
3. PECK DRILL CYCLE
4. TAPPING CYCLE
5. BOARING CYCLE
6. REAMING CYCLE
7. INNER DIA(ID) INTERPOLATION PROGRAM FOR A CIRCLE
8. OUTER DIA(OD) INTERPOLATION PROGRAM FOR A
CIRCLE
9. EXAMPLE WITH SAMPLE PROGRAM OF OUTER DIA
INTERPOLATION WITH RADIUS .
10. GD &T SYMBLOS 
11. SOME MECHANICAL TERMS WITH DEFINATION
12. SOME IMPORTANT FORMULAS
 
 1.  IMPORTANT CODING KNOWLEDGE(M-CODE &
G-    CODE)
 
G-CODE:-
G-CODE is the programming language used to control CNC/VMC
machinery.The programmed codes ,along with the right tooling in a
cnc machine center,allow for correct and repeatable part
manufacturing in different auto or aerospace or electric sector.
SOME IMPORTANT G-CODES:-
G00-Rapid motion
G01-Linear Motion
G02-Circular Motion,Clockwise
G03-Circular Motion,Anticlockwise
G17-Circular Motion XY Plane selection(setting 56)
G18-Circular Motion ZX Plane Selection
G19-Circular Motion YZ Plane Selection
G20-Dimension in inch
G21-Dimension in mm
G28-Machine Zero Return Through Reference Point
G40-Cutter Compensation Cancel(G41/G42/G141)
G41-Cutter Compensation Left
G42-Cutter Compensation Right
G43-Tool Length Compensation +
G44-Tool Length Compensation –
G47-Text Engraving
G49-Tool Length Compensation Cancel G43/G44/G143
G50-Scaling G51 cancel
G51-Scaling
G52-Select Work co-ordinate System G52
G53-Machine Coordinate Positioning ,Non-modal
G54-Work Offset Positioning Coordinate #1
G55- Work Offset Positioning Coordinate #2
G56- Work Offset Positioning Coordinate #3
G57- Work Offset Positioning Coordinate #4
G58- Work Offset Positioning Coordinate #5
G59- Work Offset Positioning Coordinate #6
G60-Unidirectional Positioning
G61-Exat Stop,Modal
G64-Exat Stop G61
G68-Rotation
G69-Rotation G68 Cancel
G70-Bolt Hole Circle With a Canned Cycle
G71-Bolt Hole Arc With a canned cycle
G72-Bolt Holes Along An Angle With a canned cycle
G73-high speed peck drill canned cycle
G74-Reverse Tapping Canned cycle
G76-Fine boring canned cycle
G77-Back bore canned cycle
G80-Cancel Canned cycle
G81-Drilled canned cycle
G82-Spot Drill/CounterBore Canned cycle
G83-Peck drill deep hole canned cycle
G84-Tapping canned cycle
G85-Bore in –Bore out canned cycle
G86-Bore in-Stop-Rapid Out Canned cycle
G87-Bore in-Manual Retract canned cycle
G88-Bore-Dwell-Manual Retract Canned cycle
G89-Bore-Dwell-Bore out canned cycle
G90-Absolute positioning Command
G91-Incremental Positioning Command
G92-Set Work Coordinate value
G93-Inverse Time Feed mode ON
G94-Inverse Time Feed mode OFF
G98-Canned Cycle Initial point Return
G99-Canned Cycle “R” Plane Return
G100-Mirror image cancel
G101-Mirror Image
G107-Cylindrical Mapping
G110-Work offset positioning coordinate #7
G111 To G129 Is Work offset positioning coordinate #8 to #26
G136-Automatic Work offset Center Measurment
G141-3D+ Cutter Compensation
G143-5Axis Tool length compensation +
G150-General Purpose Pocket Miling
G153-5Th Axis High Speed peck drill canned cycle
G154-Select work offset positioning coordinate p1-99
G155-5Th axis Reverse tapping canned cycle
G161-5Th axis drill canned cycle
G162-5Th axis spot drill/Counter bore canned cycle
G163-5th axis peck drill canned cycle
G164-5th axis tapping canned cycle
G165-5th axis borein-bore out canned cycle
G166-5th axis bore in,Stop,Rapid out canned cycle
G169-5th axis bore,Dwell,Bore out canned cycle
G174-Special Purpose non vertical rigid tapping CCW
G184- Special Purpose non vertical rigid tapping CW
G187-Accuracy Control for High Speed machining
G188-Get program from PST(Program Schedule Table)
 
 
M-CODES:-
M-Codes is the machine control language for CNC machining.It is
used in combination with G-code to switch various machine function
off and on.
SOME IMPORTANT M-CODES:-
M00-Program Stop
M01-Optional Program stop
M02-Program End
M03-Spindle on CW
M04-Spindle on CCW
M05-Spindle Stop
M06-Tool Change
M08-Coolant On
M09-Coolant Off
M30-Program End & Reset
M31-Chip Conveyor Forward
M32-Chip Conveyor Reverse
M33-Chip Conveyor Stop
M34-Coolant Spigot Position Down
M35-Coolant Spigot Position Up
M39-Rotate Tool Turrent
M41-Spindle low gear override
M42-Spindle High Gear override
M59-Output Relay Set
M69-Output Relay Clear
M75-Set G35 Or G136 Reference Point
M76-Control display inactive
M77-Control Display active
M78-Alaram if skip signal found
M79-Alaram if skip signal NOT found
M80-Automatic Door Open
M81-Automatic Door close
M82-Tool Unclamp
M83-Auto Air Jet on
M84-Auto Air Jet Off
M86-Tool Clamp
M88-Coolant Through Spindle ON{FOR HAAS}(IN MITUBISHI
CONTROL M75 & IN MAKINO M/C FANUC CONTROL M26)
M89-Coolant Through Spindle OFF{FOR HAAS} (IN MITUBISHI
CONTROL M76)
M93-Start Axis POS capture
M94- Stop Axis POS capture
M95-Sleep Mode
M96-Jump if no input(P,Q)
M97-Local sub routine call(P,L)
M98-Sub Program call (P,L)
M99-Sub Program Return or Loop
                     2.NORMAL DRILING CYCLE
Program:-
M6 T1;
G00 G90 G54 X0. Y0. M03 S900;
G43H1Z50;
G01Z5F400;
M08;
G98 G81 Z-10.R2. F50;
G80;
MO5;
M09;
G91 G28 Z0.;
G91 G28 Y0.;
M30;
 
                                3.PECK DRILL CYCLE
Program:-
M6 T2;
G00 G90 G54 X0. Y0. M03 S900;
G43 H2 Z50;
G01 Z5 F400;
M08;
G98 G83 Z-10.R2.Q1 F50;
G80;
MO5;
M09;
G91 G28 Z0.;
G91 G28 Y0.;
M30;
 
                              4.TAPPING CYCLE:-
Program:-(M6tap-Pitch=1)
M6 T3;
G00 G90 G54 X0. Y0. M03 S300;
G43 H3 Z50;
G01 Z5 F400;
M08;
G98 G84 Z-10.R2. F300;
G80;
MO5;
M09;
G91 G28 Z0.;
G91 G28 Y0.;
M30;
                                    5.BORING CYCLE
Program:-
M6 T4;
G00 G90 G54 X0. Y0. M03 S532;
G43 H4 Z50;
G01 Z5 F400;
M08;
G98 G76 Z-10.R2.I0.2 F63.8;
G80;
MO5;
M09;
G91 G28 Z0.;
G91 G28 Y0.;
M30;
 
                               6.REAMING CYCLE
Program:-
M6 T5;
G00 G90 G54 X0. Y0. M03 S900;
G43 H5 Z50;
G01 Z5 F400;
M08;
G98 G85 Z-10.R2.F50;
G80;
MO5;
M09;
G91 G28 Z0.;
G91 G28 Y0.;
M30;
 
7.INNER DIA(ID)INTERPOLATION PROGRAM FOR A
CIRLE
Program:-IF HOLE DIA NEEDED 16MM WITH DEPTH 4MM ,GIVE
TOOL DIA VALUE(D6) = TOTAL TOOL DIA/2
M6 T6;
G00 G90 G54 X0.Y0. M03 S1500;
G43 H6 Z50;
G01 Z0.0 F400;
M08;
G01 G91 G41 X-8.0 D6 F600;
G91 Z-2.GO3 I8.0 F180;
G91 Z-2.G03 I8.0 F180;
G03 I8.0 F180;
G03 I8.0 F180;
G01 G91 G40 X8.0;
G00 G90 G40 Z100;
M09;
M05;
G91 G28 Z0.;
G91 G28 Y0.;
M30;
 
8.OUTER DIA(OD) INTERPOLATION PROGRAM FOR A 
CIRCLE
Program:-
M6 T7;
G00 G90 G54 X0.Y0. M03 S1500;
G43 H7 Z50;
G01 Z0.0 F400;
M08;
G01 G91 G42 X-8.0 D7 F600;
G91 Z-2.GO3 I8.0 F180;
G91 Z-2.G03 I8.0 F180;
G03 I8.0 F180;
G03 I8.0 F180;
G01 G91 G40 X8.0;
G00 G90 G40 Z100;
M09;
M05;
G91 G28 Z0.;
G91 G28 Y0.;
M30;
 
9. EXAMPLE WITH SAMPLE PROGRAM OF OUTER DIA
    INTERPOLATION WITH RADIUS 
Program:-By Arc Radius
M6 T1;
GOO G90 G54 X-30.Y-30.M03 S1500;
G43 H01 Z50;
G01 G91 G42 D1 XO.YO. Z5.;
M08;
GO1 G91 Z-5. F150;
X120. F250;
Y40;
G03 X100.Y60 R20;
G01 X74.142;
G02 X45.858 R-15;
G01 X20;
G03 X0.Y40.R20;
G01 Y0.
G01 G91 G40 X-30.Y-30 Z50;
M05;
M09;
G91 G28 Z0.
G91 G28 Y0.
M30;
 
 
Program:-By Arc Center
M6 T1;
GOO G90 G54 X-30.Y-30.M03 S1500;
G43 H01 Z50;
G01 G91 G42 D1 XO.YO. Z5.;
M08;
GO1 G91 Z-5. F150;
X120. F250;
Y40;
G03 X100.Y60 I-20.J0.;
G01 X74.142;
G02 X45.858 I-14.142 J-5.;
G01 X20;
G03 X0.Y40.I0.J-20.;
G01 Y0.
G01 G91 G40 X-30.Y-30 Z50;
M05;
M09;
G91 G28 Z0.
G91 G28 Y0.
M30;
 
                            10.GD & T SYMBOLS
 
 
 
 
 
    11.SOME MECHANICAL TERMS WITH DEFINATION

MILING:-

It is the process of machining using rotary cutters to remove

VERTICAL MACHINING CENTER(VMC):-

A canned cycle is a way of conveniently performing repetitive

It allow a concise way to program a machine to produce a

HARDENING:-
The hardening process consists of heating the components above
the critical (normalizing) temperature, holding at this temperature for
one hour per inch of thickness cooling at a rate fast enough to allow
the material to transform to a much harder, stronger structure, and
then tempering.

QUENCHING:-
 Quenching is the rapid cooling of a workpiece in water, oil or air to
obtain certain material properties.

TEMPERING:-
Tempering, in metallurgy, process of improving the characteristics
of a metal, especially steel, by heating it to a high temperature,
though below the melting point, then cooling it, usually in air.
The process has the effect of toughening by lessening brittleness
and reducing internal stresses.

ANNEALING:-
Annealing is a heat treatment process that changes the physical
and sometimes also the chemical properties of a material to
increase ductility and reduce the hardness to make it more workable.
 
                   12.SOME IMPORTANT FORMULA
Cutting Speed= (3.141*cutting dia*spindle speed)/1000
Spindle Speed =(cutting speed*1000)/3.141*cutting dia
Feed per tooth=table feed/spindle speed*ZEFF
Feed per revolution=Table feed/spindle speed
Material removal rate=(actual depth of cut*radial depth of
cut*table feed)/1000
Torque=(net power*30*1000)/3.141*spindle speed
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
                         THANK YOU