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Hydrology Question

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Saikat Sarkar Shraban
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111 views8 pages

Hydrology Question

Uploaded by

Saikat Sarkar Shraban
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Sylhet Engineering College, Sythet 2nd year 2nd Semester Final Examination — 2016 Department of Civil Engineering Course No: CE 463 Time: 3.00 Hours ‘Total Marks: 70 TAnswer any four questions, taking two from each part) PART-A La) Ina diagram show 55 Life cycle of a frontal cyclone i. Longitudinal cross section of the general atmospheric circulation. 6 b) Define ¢-index. An isolated 3 hour storm occurred over an area of 120 ha. As below. Partial area (ha.) of | -index (cm/hr) Rainfall (cms) catchment Asthour | 2ndhour_| 3rd hour 36 0.90) 06 24 13 18 1.10 09 24 15 66 0.50) 10 2.0 09 What is the total rainfall on the catchment in this storm? Estimate the run-off from the catchment. If the -index were to remain at the same value; What run-off would be produce be a uniform rainfall of 3.3 cms in 3 hours uniformly spread over the catchment. c) A precipitation station X was inoperative for some time during which a storm = 6 occurred. At three stations A, B & C surrounding X, the total precipitation recorded during this storm are75, 58 & 47 mm respectively. The normal annual precipitation amounts at station X, A, B & C are 757, 826, 618 & 482 mm respectively. Estimate the storm precipitation for station X? 2.a) Define Precipitation. What are the conditions for Precipitation? 4s b) What are the factors that affect runoff hydrograph? ¢) Ina basin six rain gauge stations are reporting rainfall in a year. The annual 8 rainfall recorded by the gauges are: [Station A 8 c D —e | fF | [Rainfall (ms) 41 51 32 55 so | 68 | For 8% error in the estimation of mear: rainfall, calculate the optimum no. of rain gauge stations in the basin? w 3.a) Define Hydrographs. Write three characteristic regions. 55 b) Draw a figure showing the element of a runoff hydrograph and describe the 7 characteristics of the recession limb. Describe the methods of base flow separation. ¢) Rainfall of magnitude 3.8 cm and 2.8 cm occurring on two consecutive 4-h = 5 durations on a catchment of area 27 km2 produced the following of flow at the outlet of the catchment. Estimate the rainfall excess and -index, Time from start of rainfall (h) |-6 |0 |6 12 |18 | 24 |30 | 36 | 42 | 48 |54 | 60 | 66 Observed flow (m3/s) 6 |5|13|26 [2a jie j12 [9 |7 |s [5 [as las | Scanned with CamSc 4.a) Discuss briefly the various abstractions from precipitation. b) Explain briefly the evaporation process. What are the factors that affect the 7 PART-B evaporation from a water body? Explain. ¢) 5.4) available for plan growth. b) What are the difference between ¢-index and base flow? Define: Evapotranspiration, Field capacity, Permanent wilting Point, Moisture 8 Construct a stream flow hydrograph due to a 6-h rainfall over a 104km? 7.5 drainage area and derive a unit hydrograph from it. Plot the stream flow hydrograph and the unit hydrograph. Date Hours Total flow (m3/s) Base flow (m?/s) Feb 16 ‘0600 i 11 0800 170 8 1000 260 6 1200 266 6 1400 226 8 1600 188 9 1800 157 Fry 2000 130 12 2200 108 14 2400) 91 15 Feb 17 ‘[.0200 76 17 0400 64 19 (0600 354 21 0800 46 22 1000 38 24 | 1200 32 26 1400 27 27 c) List the various parameters that are needed to use penman’s equation for 2 estimating the potential evapotranspiration from a given area. 6.a) Define unit hydrograph. What are the assumptions of a unit hydrograph? 4 b) Application of unit hydrograph. Limitation of unit hydrograph. 65 c) The peak of flood hydrograph due to a 3 h duration isolated storm in a 7 catchment is 270 m*/s. The total depth of rainfall is 5.9 cm. Assuming an average infiltration loss of 0.3 cm/h and a constant base flow of 20m?/s, estimate the peak of the 3-h unit hydrograph of this catchment. If the area of the catchment is 567 km’, determine the base width of the 3-h unit hydrograph by assuming it to be triangular in shape. Scanned with CamSc Sylhet Engineering College, Sylhet, (Shahjalal University of Science & Technology) Department of Civil Engineering 7 Final Examination, 2018 2 Year 2 Semester Course No: CE 463 Course Title: Hydrology Time: 03 (Three) hours Full Marks: 70 'NB.:() Answer any wo question am eck PART Ti) Use separate aawer serps Tor eah PART iy Marks alloted are indian the margin (i) Spec tstrction (any Ni PART-A (Answer any two questions) 1. a. Discuss shortly about different global freshwater resources. b. Define snow, drizzle and hail. ©. A catchment area has seven raingauge stations. In a year, the annual rainfall recorded 6.5 6.5 by the gauges are as follows: Station | P QTR 5 T v Vv. Rainfall 0 1 P 5 1.2 102.1 146.9 (cm) 130. 142. 118.2 108. 165. Determine the standard error in the estimation of mean rainfall in the existing set of raingauges. For a 5% error in the estimation of the mean rainfall, calculate the minimum ‘number of additional raingauge stations to be established in the catchment. 4d. For a drainage basin of 600 km’, isohyetals drawn for storm gave the following data: 5 Tsohyet (em) | 15-12 | 12-9 [9-6 63 31 Enclosed 7 area (km?) 92 128 120 175 85 Estimate the average depth of rainfall over the catchment. 2. a. Deseribe the factors upon which the rate of evaporation is depended? b. Following observation were made for conducting the water budget of a reservoir over $ ‘A period of one month of 30 days: Average surface area= 15 km? Rainfall = 18 cm . ‘Mean surface inflow rate = 18 m'/s Mean surface outflow rate = 22 m'/s Fall in reservoir level = 1.6m Pan evaporation=25 om Assume pan evaporation coefficient =0.7 Estimate the average seepage discharge during that month. ©. Discuss the methods to reduce evaporation loss. 38 4. The mass curve of rainfall of 100 min duration is given below. If the catchment had an § initial loss of 0.6 cm and a g-index of 0.6 cnvh, calculate the total surface runoff from the catchment. an start of rainfall 5] 55 | ao] 60 20 100 | Cumulative rainfall (em) o [os [2 t 36 33 35 3. a. Define infiltration capacity. Discuss about the factors on which it depends, 3 '. Describe shortly about the classification of infiltration capacity, 3 © The mass curve of an isoleted storm over a watershed is given below: 85 Time from star: [0 [0.5 [1.0 [1.5 [2.0 ]25 30 ]33 [ | (or) Cumulative "0 [025 JOS [1.10 [7.60 | 2.60 [3.50] 5.70 [650] 730] 7.70 | | «eal em) Ifthe storm produced a direct runoff of 3.5 cm at the outlet of the watershed, estimate the index of the storm and duration of rainfall excess, 4d. Write short notes on g-index and W-index. 3 Bn Sere wie GaMmS¢ 6. a. Describe hydrologic storage routing and channel routing shortly. —b- Route the following food strough-ireach for whichnk=22 amix =25.PIOMEOITTIOW 2: B (Answer any two questions) . The following are the data obtained in a stream-gauging operation. A current meter with 9.5 calibration equation V = (0.32N +0.032) m/s, where N= revolutions per second was used to measure the velocity at 0.6 depth. Using area-velocity method, calculate the discharge in the stream. Distance from right)0]2 |4 6 9 12 [1S ]18 [20 722 [23 [24 bank (m) Depth (m) 010.5 | 1.10 [1.95 [2.25 17.85 11.75 | 1.65 | 1.50 | 1.25 | 0.75 0 No. of revolutions 0|8o [83 {131 [139 [121 [114 | 109 [92 [85 170 oO Observation time (s) 0 | 180 | 120 [120 [120 [120 [120 [120 [120 [120 150 | 0 b. Define base flow, direct flow and natural flow. 3 ¢. During a flood flow, the depth of water in a 10 m wide rectangular channel was found to 5 ~be 3.0 m and 2.9 m at two sections 200 m apart. The drop in water surface elevation was found to be 0.12 m. Assuming Manning's coefficient to be 0.025, estimate the flood discharge through the channel. a. Define hydrograph. Discuss the role of factor affecting a flood hydrograph 55 . What is unit hydrograph? What is the application of unit hydrograph? 6 c. Following are the ordinates of a storm hydrograph of a river draining of a catchment area 6 of 460 km due to a 6-h isolated storm. Derive the ordinates of 6-h unit hydrograph for the catchment. Tae eto | «| [+= [m| [= [«[o[e[s[a]«[a]=[«[»[*[m sora) in| § [1020] mf] us [es | [os] [oo [s elm [|e [e Le ? hydrographs. At t =0, the outflow discharge is 40 m’/s, Time (h) oO |i2|24 136 [48 [60 [72 [84 [96 [108] 120 [130 Anflow (m/s) | 40 | 65 | 165 | 250 [240 [2051170 [130 [1s [8s 170 144 60 [54 annual runoff volume for a given annual. @& ©. Develop a linear correlation equation to estimate rainfall value from the following data. Year__| 1964 | 1965 [1966] 1967 | 1968 | 1969] 1970 [1971 | 1977 Annual Rainfall | 90.5 | 111.0 | 38.7 | 129.5 | 145.5] 99.8 | 147.6 | 50.9 | 1202 | 903 | 65.2 | 75.9 (cm) ‘Annual ‘ Runoff | 30.1 | 50.2 | 53 | 615 | 748 | 39.9 | 64.7 | 65 | a61 (cm) 1973] 1974] 1975 36.2 | 24.6 | 20.0 ocdiilicu Will vac Engineering Hydrology, CE 463, ST, Marks: 10, Time: 20 Mins The maximum annual flow rates have been recorded over a 15 years period at the site of a proposed river construction works. ‘The mean of the annual maximum discharge is 182 cubic meter per second imate of standard deviation was 67 cubic meter per second. a. If pump house floor levels at the works are to be based on 450 cubic meters per second. What will be the risk of flooding during the 35 years design life? b. A temporary cofferdam is required during the 2 years construction period, if the contractor is wetting to accept a 15% chance of failure by over topping. On what discharge should be the cofferdam be designed? Scanned with CamSc Engineering Hydrology, CE 463, Class Test-2, Marks 5X2=10, Time: 20 Mins 1. What is interception? Differentiate between Evaporation and Evapotranspiration. 2. What is infiltration? Describe moisture zone of soil when water is applied to it. Scanned with CamSc syihet Enginecrifg —ume™ oyinet (Shahjalal University of Science & Technology) ON Department of Civil Engineering ON Final Examination, 2019 2" Year 2"! Semester Time: 2 (Two) hours _ Full Marks: 50 NBG) Answer any two question fom each PART Gp ie separate mnSWeT SG Tor

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