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Domain and Range of Inverse Functions

The document discusses properties of inverse trigonometric functions. It defines the domain and range of inverse sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant and cosecant functions. It then presents 8 property sets of inverse trigonometric functions, including relationships between different inverse functions, properties under negative inputs, relationships involving trigonometric functions, and graphs of inverse trigonometric functions over different intervals.

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LALITH NARAYANA RAO VELAGA
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327 views5 pages

Domain and Range of Inverse Functions

The document discusses properties of inverse trigonometric functions. It defines the domain and range of inverse sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant and cosecant functions. It then presents 8 property sets of inverse trigonometric functions, including relationships between different inverse functions, properties under negative inputs, relationships involving trigonometric functions, and graphs of inverse trigonometric functions over different intervals.

Uploaded by

LALITH NARAYANA RAO VELAGA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Domain and Range Of Inverse Functions

Considering the domain and range of the inverse functions, following formulas are important to
be noted:

 sin(sin−1x) = x, if -1 ≤ x ≤ 1
 cos(cos−1x) = x, if -1 ≤ x ≤ 1
 tan(tan−1x) = x, if -∞ ≤ x ≤∞
 cot(cot−1x) = x, if -∞≤ x ≤∞
 sec(sec−1x) = x, if -∞ ≤ x ≤ -1 or 1 ≤ x ≤ ∞
 cosec(cosec−1x) = x, if -∞ ≤ x ≤ -1 or 1 ≤ x ≤ ∞
Also, the following formulas are defined for inverse trigonometric functions.

 sin−1(sin y) = y, if -π/2 ≤ y ≤ π/2


 cos−1(cos y) =y, if 0 ≤ y ≤ π
 tan−1(tan y) = y, if -π/2 <y< π/2
 cot−1(cot y) = y if 0<y< π
 sec−1(sec y) = y, if 0 ≤ y ≤ π, y ≠ π/2
 cosec−1(cosec y) = y if -π/2 ≤ y ≤ π/2, y ≠ 0

Important Properties of Inverse Trigonometric Functions


The elementary properties of inverse trigonometric functions will help to solve problems. Here
are a few important properties related to inverse trigonometric functions:

Property Set 1:
 Sin−1(x) = cosec−1(1/x), x∈ [−1,1]−{0}
 Cos−1(x) = sec−1(1/x), x ∈ [−1,1]−{0}
 Tan−1(x) = cot−1(1/x), if x > 0  (or)  cot−1(1/x) −π, if x < 0

 Cot−1(x) = tan−1(1/x), if x > 0 (or) tan−1(1/x) + π, if x < 0

Property Set 2:
 Sin−1(−x) = −Sin−1(x)
 Tan−1(−x) = −Tan−1(x)
 Cos−1(−x) = π − Cos−1(x)
 Cosec−1(−x) = − Cosec−1(x)
 Sec−1(−x) = π − Sec−1(x)
 Cot−1(−x) = π − Cot−1(x)
Proofs:
1. Sin−1(−x) = −Sin−1(x)
Let sin−1(−x) = y, i.e.,−x = sin y
⇒ x = − sin y
Thus,
x = sin (− y)
Or,
sin−1(x) = −y = −sin−1(−x)
Therefore, sin−1(−x) = −sin−1(x)
Similarly, using the same concept following results can be obtained:

 cosec−1(−x) = −cosec−1x, |x|≥1


 tan−1(−x) = −tan−1x, xϵR
2. Cos−1(−x) = π − Cos−1(x)
Let cos−1(−x) = y i.e., −x = cos y
⇒ x = −cos y = cos(π–y)
Thus,
cos−1(x) = π–y
Or,
cos−1(x) = π–cos−1(−x)
Therefore, cos−1(−x) = π–cos−1(x)
Similarly using the same concept following results can be obtained:

 sec−1(−x) = π–sec−1x, |x|≥1


 cot−1(−x) = π–cot−1x, xϵR

Property Set 3:
 Sin−1(1/x) = cosec−1x, x≥1 or x≤−1
 Cos−1(1/x) = sec−1x, x≥1 or x≤−1
 Tan−1(1/x) = −π + cot−1(x)
Proof: Sin−1(1/x) = cosec−1x, x≥1 or x≤−1
Let cosec−1 x = y, i.e. x = cosec y
⇒ (1/x) = sin y
Thus, sin−1(1/x) = y
Or,
sin−1(1/x) = cosec−1x
Similarly using the same concept the other results can be obtained.
Illustrations:

 sin−1(⅓) = cosec−1(3)
 cos−1(¼) = sec−1(4)
 sin−1(−¾) = cosec−1(−4/3) = sin−1(3/4)
 tan−1(−3) = cot−1(−⅓)−π

Property Set 4:
 Sin−1(cos θ) = π/2 − θ, if θ∈[0,π]
 Cos−1(sin θ) = π/2 − θ, if θ∈[−π/2, π/2]
 Tan−1(cot θ) = π/2 − θ, θ∈[0,π]
 Cot−1(tan θ) = π/2 − θ, θ∈[−π/2, π/2]
 Sec−1(cosec θ) = π/2 − θ, θ∈[−π/2, 0]∪[0, π/2]
 Cosec−1(sec θ) = π/2 − θ, θ∈[0,π]−{π/2}
 Sin−1(x) = cos−1[√(1−x2)], 0≤x≤1
= −cos−1[√(1−x2)], −1≤x<0

Property Set 5:
 Sin−1x + Cos−1x = π/2
 Tan−1x + Cot−1(x) = π/2
 Sec−1x + Cosec−1x = π/2
Proof: sin−1(x) + cos−1(x) = (π/2), xϵ[−1,1]
Let sin−1(x) = y, i.e., x = sin y = cos((π/2) − y)
⇒ cos−1(x) = (π/2) – y = (π/2) − sin−1(x)
Thus,
sin−1(x) + cos−1(x) = (π/2)
Similarly using the same concept following results can be obtained:

 tan−1(x) + cot−1(x) = (π/2), xϵR


 cosec−1(x) + sec−1(x) = (π/2), |x|≥1

Property Set 7:
 sin−1(x) + sin−1(y) = sin−1[x√(1−y2)+ y√(1−x2)]
 cos−1x + cos−1y = cos−1[xy−√(1−x2)√(1−y2)]

Property Set 8: Corresponding Graphs


 sin−1(sin x) = −π−π, if x∈[−3π/2, −π/2]
= x, if x∈[−π/2, π/2]
= π−x, if x∈[π/2, 3π/2]
=−2π+x, if x∈[3π/2, 5π/2] And so on.
 cos−1(cos x) = 2π+x, if x∈[−2π,−π]
= −x, ∈[−π,0]
= x, ∈[0,π]
= 2π−x, ∈[π,2π]
=−2π+x, ∈[2π,3π]
 tan−1(tan x) = π+x, x∈(−3π/2, −π/2)
= x, (−π/2, π/2)
= x−π, (π/2, 3π/2)
= x−2π, (3π/2, 5π/2)

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