Exercise 3.1 1. Express each of he folowing numbers in selec notation. (5700 (2) 47800.000 o mau (8) 83.000 (4) 0.00643 @ o.a074 (8) 40,000,000 () .00000000895, ‘Arumberwitenin the form axtarashere 1.210 andinsonintener scaled ‘cient notation Soliton: 1) 5700 2) 49,500,000 0009000 = 4.910 2) 96,000,000 44169 5) 83,000 6) 0.00643 7) 0.0074 Touo"74*10" 1) 60,000,000 + 0.00000000895 =! onto =1ad0 (22 Express the folowing numbersin ordinary notation © 60 2) 5.0610" v018-10 (ras 2 sosutd 3) 901810 mn imo 4) 7865610" 7000 T86sn10 1Exercise 3.2 {Q1. Find the common logarithm of each ofthe following number: (1 23292 (229326 () 0.00032 (0.3206 ole: For Finding the common logaritim of eny given number, use the following steps (Round off he numbers to four slgniicent cigs Find he chorocterscs ofthe logarthm of he number by inspection (Gl) Find he mantissa ofthe loge of the number Hom the log tables (i) Combine the wo Soliton: (1 23292 Rounding off 23292 to fou significant digs. we get: 232.9 The characteristic of 292s 2a there are 2 cis To find mantiso, we use the log table, and falow the row of 25. For row 28, the vole of column of 2 2455. In the some ow inthe dtterence column ot 9. he values 17, Adding 3655 and 17, we get he montsta 3672 Combining he two values of characters ond mantissa we get eo log 20292 = 2.3672 @ 29328 Rounaling off 29.326 0 four significant dats, we get 29° The choracterisic of 239% 1 as there re 2 cgi To ind mantize using the log table, we Fallow the row of 2° andreach the ‘column of 30 get 4669. In the some row'n the difference column of we S00 4. Adding 4869 and 4, we get the value of mantisa 4673. so, 109 29.326 = 1.4673, (6) 00032 The number 0.00032 con be written as 3.210, therefore he characteristic A which vation os To find mantissa using the log table, we folow the row of 32 and reach he column of 00 get S051. So, the valve of mantxa S051 109 000082 = 45051 (# 03206 Ihe number 0.3206 con ha written at 3.206% 10", therefore the choroctarsic To find the mantisa using thelog table, we folow the row of 32nd reach tne column If Ofo gat SOI. Inthe same row in the cference column of we s6@ & Adding $05! and & we get the valve of mantssa as 5089 0 |og0.3206= 7.5059 (22. thlog 31.09 = 1.4926. Find values of he following. tog 3.109 fog 3109 og 0.003109 og 0.3109 int: ince the dit in allt above numbers are same, theretore the ‘monfesa wil remoin the some ot 4926 soliton: {Giver tog 31.09 1.4926 1) fog 2109 Jog 3109 con ato be witten os 3.10%«10", eretore characters 0 ond mantisa's. 4726 ss, Jog3.107=0.4928 2) 3109 Jog 81039 con ato be witten os 3:19:10", ereloe characters I 2 one manta is. 4926 $6, oo 3109 2.4926 3) 0003109 og 0.008109 con aio be written as 3.109%10", thereto the choractorsic 6, og 0.008109 = 3.4926 4) 03109 09 0310? con alto be waiten os 3.1070", thereloe the characteristic is T S, logo.sior- 1.4926 3. Find he number whose common logarithm are (o3seat 197827 soliton: 35021 Reading long the row corresponding 10.6 fs mantissa s5421). we get 3648 ft the intesaction of ths row ond the column of 2. The number at the Interection ofthe row and the mean ciference column corresponding 1 1s 1. Adding 3648 and I, we get 3647 Since the charactersics 3, the number wil have four digits before acim Hence, cntlog of 2.5621 1 3649 @ 1727 Reading along tne row corresponding 10.74 (as mantisais 7427), we get $521 ft the interaction of thé row and the column of 2. the number at the Intersection ofthis row and! the mean cfference column corresponding 407s 9. Accing $521 and 9, we get 8520. Since he characteris T or the number wil be written os Hence, contiog of 1.7427 05590 (24, What replacement for he unknown in each o following wil make the stalemen te? fog 8-1 9 tog, = 08 i) ogan=2 (w) 10? =40 Solution: © topsi-L Ls (0) og.6-05 Savorng both ses, we get ) logsn=2 () 10" =40 ‘Changing into logan form. we get 05. Evolvale (0 iogs12 othe bse 7 Soliton: 0 a Converting nto exoonentil form, we get (0 bogsI2 10 he we 247 foe, 512 ‘Converting info exponential form, we get beg S12 (242) (5, Fnd he valve of x rom the folowing statements Lo iags=5 logy 9 Jogas=% ( tos,,9 = en'-9 0) Iog8 (og, 64 crs Toking square roo ot both ses wo oot, ae bogs 4Exercise 3.3 G1. Wate he faiowing into sum or clerence. ( ogaen) (og HS bo Soliton: (0 W(x B) = log A og 152-og305 SAT) lag 29| og 47h (22. Express logs? lps +3 less) lols 1) @8 angle loge, Soliton: Iogs(1-2)+ Blt 1) -lgte (0-0) Iogs(-1)+ lots +1 -logts + +k.) Bogle +l soe) 2ogts +l + logee—D) 123, Wie the flowing in he frm of single logarithm. Soliton: 2ogs3b9 1.6990, then find he values ofthe on () be30 03010-04771 40.090Exercise 3.4 {21 Use log tables fo ind he velve ofthe folowing © opmexi3e4 (707.5) suas oma (.23(06075) neh (238) 0056 iy z (39) soliton § ont76x 1364 Late -081T6x1368 r= log0.8176+ gl 4 logs =-1+09125+16 01348 lop = 1.0073 Taking Anti on both sides Aig (log = Ail 1.0873) a cwsy Lets=(7895) Jog -oe(7835)" “Tebing ing om bth sides lop =1og0.67 op901-og 00234 y=-1+08312+09547- (2403692) Taking Aig on bs sides og(2709) +g 259)° 4 (010) gt 28) log -0.0N6864 0013, Taking Antigo bot sides Asolo) = Anog(00999) (12306015 bogs "(00m toe .29(0.697)]-1o4[(0.0075)(1278)] Jog —hog(.2)#1og(06975)-ng(0.0075)-Io(278) op =01899 78435-3.8751-3.1065 bop =—1+3-3+09334-00816 Taking Asi om buh sid, we ot Anilog x= Ang (2951) tograf-1soxse 13089-1705] Taking Antigo buss tog lots) og 12 tog =log§3+ ee FF) op 27 hea 19191 4¢.9939)—2.1088—L(2 3600) Ihgx=-0.008 bbpx=-1+1-0.0083, (Aing snd xbteting 1) y=-1+09917 1-199 Anilog log) Anoe( 9917 cs (ay OE pg 38) SES 8) og ATO (8) bogr=—4e4- 30866 bogs =-4+009434 Aaslog bes) = Antes (29434) Chris = Reference Pint = 778 G2 Agate expending according to he low px” C. Find C when path Stan Solitons Gen prec 1 c=. Taking logon bth sis bogC=e Anog( ag) = Antiog( 2178) 23, Te formula p95) apple o he demand of @ product where ait the numberof units and pi the price of one unit. How many units wil be demanded the pice Soliton: p=905) ace bosp= knives Pang p =I inthe above ton we st battens Lasss-1982-L 000%) 6.989 ~ 0.6950) Hence, 10 uit willbe dead Soliton: Taking log on asides lop =0-04771 slog Hoge sh IoeV=-04771 log +2hgr oeh 225 at =42)Review Exercise 3 G1. Mutple choice questions. Choose the comect answer. © Wotan then. (0) abe, (©) e=bg.2 (Me reaton y-=log. «implies (0) Pa: @) vex (Te togarthm of unly to any base 1 ©) 10 (The ogatthm of any number ost os base I @ @4 @)0 @ 10 (tegen, where e-2.718 @o moss (4) Te vatue of is{ 2] (6) ies pbose e) bp +e oye (8) eeg-loen (a) eg p-oggls same as (e) ve (ylea-2) (a) ai) can be wien os (© togmy log 5 can be weiten os (ors. eh og, @eee (@) bone soliton: me we 22. Complete he folowing For common logasthms, the bose is 1) Theintogra part of he common logarttm of o umber calod the 1M) The decimal pat of he common logatthm of anumberis called the IM) Ihx=logy, thon y i cated... of ¥)_Ihihe chorectorste of the lager of @ numbers 3, hot number wilhove ....2610[ immediately offer the deciral point WIth charectertic ofthe logarithm of a number’ 1, that rumber wi have son igtsinits integer Anowert p10 1) Choracterisic wy Montise MW) Antlog One 2 Find he valve fxn the fotowing. w 24, Find he valve of xn the folowing 1 fogs =o.0044 From the table agaist the fow of 045 uncer & we have 2844 ond Gilerence under's2. Adding 2844 and 0 we get 2846 From the table agarrs! the fow of 0.18 under 2 we hove ference under 1150. Adcing 1521 and 0 wo get 1521. the table agains the row of 000 unser 4 we have 1009 ont (florence under 4's 1. AdcSng 1009 and } we got 1010, From the table agaist the ‘ow of 042 uncer 3 we have 4198 ond rence under Hs 8 Adcing #192 and we got 206, 5. og2=03010, og 0471, snd IngS=06980, then nd he valve ofthe following, Simply te folowing, Solutions 0 aT Late ST Taking Anlogon bth ies, slog logs) = antg(0686) s-298 Lax lop =(309>) ailog log) ant (0040) “a 897) 03.95) sar) tog log B2UE AG 25 (537) log =lg(8 970395) =I lop lal 97¥ +3987 log = Slot 9752 ops =XO98