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    Module 2

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    suraj
    The document discusses Ohm's Law and circuit analysis. It defines Ohm's Law, which states that current is directly proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance. For a series circuit, the total voltage equals the sum of the individual voltage drops, and the total resistance equals the sum of the individual resistances. In a parallel circuit, the same voltage is applied across each branch, while the total current equals the sum of the branch currents.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Module 2

    Uploaded by

    suraj
    29 views4 pages
    The document discusses Ohm's Law and circuit analysis. It defines Ohm's Law, which states that current is directly proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance. For a series circuit, the total voltage equals the sum of the individual voltage drops, and the total resistance equals the sum of the individual resistances. In a parallel circuit, the same voltage is applied across each branch, while the total current equals the sum of the branch currents.

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    The document discusses Ohm's Law and circuit analysis. It defines Ohm's Law, which states that current is directly proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance. For a series circuit, the total voltage equals the sum of the individual voltage drops, and the total resistance equals the sum of the individual resistances. In a parallel circuit, the same voltage is applied across each branch, while the total current equals the sum of the branch currents.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    29 views4 pages

    Module 2

    Uploaded by

    suraj
    The document discusses Ohm's Law and circuit analysis. It defines Ohm's Law, which states that current is directly proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance. For a series circuit, the total voltage equals the sum of the individual voltage drops, and the total resistance equals the sum of the individual resistances. In a parallel circuit, the same voltage is applied across each branch, while the total current equals the sum of the branch currents.

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    You are on page 1of 4

    But practically, every current source has high internal resistance, shown in parallel with

    current source and it is represented by Rsh. This is shown in the Fig. 1.5.

    Fig 1.5 Practical Current source

    1.4 Ohm’s Law

    This law gives relationship between the potential differences (V), the current (I) and the

    resistance (R) of a d.c. circuit. Dr. Ohm in 1827 discovered a law called Ohm’s Law. It

    states,

    Ohm’s Law: The current flowing through the electric circuit is directly proportional to the

    potential difference across the circuit and inversely proportional to the resistance of the

    circuit, provided the temperature remains constant.

    Where I is the current flowing in amperes, the V is the voltage applied and R is the resistance

    of the conductor, as shown In the Fig. 1.6,

    Now I =

    Fig 1.6 ohm`s law

    The unit of potential difference is defined in such a way that the constant of proportionality

    is unity.

    The Ohm’s law can be defined as,

    BASIC ELELCTRICAL ENGINEERING 18ELE13/23

    Page 5
    The ratio of potential difference (V) between any two points of a conductor to the current (I)

    flowing between them is constant, provided that the temperature of the conductor remains

    constant.

    Key Point: Ohm’s Law can be applied either to the entire circuit or to the part of a circuit.

    If it is applied to entire circuit, the voltage across the entire circuit and resistance of the

    entire circuit should be taken into account. If the Ohm’s Law is applied to the part of a

    circuit, then the resistance of that part and potential across that part should be used.

    1.4.1 Limitations of Ohm’s Law

    The limitations of the Ohms law are,

    1. It is not applicable to the nonlinear devices such as diodes, zener diodes, voltage

    regulators etc.

    2. It does not hold good for non-metallic conductors such as silicon carbide. The Law for

    such conductors is given by,

    V=kI

    mwhere k, m are constants

    1.5 Series Circuit

    A series circuit is one in which several resistances are connected one after the other. Such

    connection is also called end to end connection or cascade connection. There is only one path

    for the flow of current.

    Fig 1.7 Series circuit

    Consider the resistances shown in the Fig. 1.7

    The resistance R1, R2 and R3 are said to be in series. The combination is connected across a

    source of voltage V volts. Naturally the current flowing through all of them is same indicated

    as I amperes. E.g. the chain of small lights, used for the decoration is good example of series

    combination.

    BASIC ELELCTRICAL ENGINEERING 18ELE13/23


    Page 6

    Now let us study the voltage distribution.

    Let V1, V2 and V3 be the voltages across the terminals of resistances R1, R2and R3

    respectively.

    Then, V = V1 + V2 + V3

    Now according to ohm`s law V1 = IR1, V2=IR2 V3 = IR3

    Current through all of them is same as I

    Therefore, V = IR1 + IR2 + IR3 = I (R1 + R2 + R3)

    Applying ohm`s law to the overall circuit

    V = I Req

    Where Req = equivalent resistance of the circuit. By comparing of two equation

    Req = R1 + R2 + R3

    I.e. total or equivalent resistance of series circuit is the arithmetic sum of resistance

    connected in series.

    1.5.1 Characteristics of Series Circuits

    1. The same current flows through each resistance.

    2. The supply voltage V is the sum of the individual voltage drops across the resistances.

    V = V1+V2+.......... +Vn

    3. The equivalent resistance is equal to the sum of the individual resistances.

    4. The equivalent resistance is the largest of all the individual resistances.

    i.e R > R1, R>R2, R>Rn

    1.6 Parallel Circuit

    The parallel circuit is one in which several resistances are connected across one another in

    such a way that one terminal of each is connected to form a junction point while the
    remaining ends are also joined to form another junction point.

    Consider a parallel circuit shown in the Fig. 1.8.

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