G.
VENKATASWAMY NAIDU COLLEGE (SFC)
(Re-Accredited with ‘A’ Grade by
NAAC) (An Autonomous Institution)
KOVILPATTI-628502
Record of Advanced Java Programming Practical work in
I M. Sc (Information Technology)
Register No: _
Subject code:
This is certified to be the Bonafide Record of the work done by
Of I M.Sc. (Information Technology).
STAFF IN CHARGE HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT
Submitted for the practical examination held on__________________________at
G. Venkataswamy Naidu College, Kovilpatti.
PLACE: KOVILPATTI EXTERNAL EXAMINERS
DATE: 1.
2.
INDEX
S. No Date Content Page No Signature
1 Read and display the images
Implement the image arithmetic
2 operations
3 Implement image logical operations
4 Geometric Transformation of images
5 Histogram Equalization
6 Non-linear filtering
7 Edge Detection using operators
8 2D DFT and DCT
9 Filtering in frequency domains
10 Conversion between color spaces
11 DWT of images
12 Segmentation
Ex no: 1
Date: Read and Display digital images
Aim:
To read and display digital images using matlab
Algorithm:
Open a MATLAB application
Read the image using imread() function
Plot the images and given the title
Show the image using imshow() function
Save the file using .m extension
Run the file output will be display result.Thus the program was verified and the output
was verified.
Program Coding:
I=imread('C:\Users\PGCSLAB02\Desktop\mat lab images\nature.jpg');
subplot(2,2,1);imshow(I);subimage(I);title('Image 1');
I=imread('C:\Users\PGCSLAB02\Desktop\mat lab images\white.jpg');
subplot(2,2,2);imshow(I);subimage(I);title('Image 2');
I=imread('C:\Users\PGCSLAB02\Desktop\mat lab images\butterfly.jpg');
subplot(2,2,3);imshow(I);subimage(I);title('Image 3');
I=imread('C:\Users\PGCSLAB02\Desktop\mat lab images\bird.jpg');
subplot(2,2,4);imshow(I);subimage(I);title('Image 4');
Output:
Ex no:2
Result:
Thus the program was executed successfully and the output was verified.
Date: Implement the image arithmetic operation
Aim:
To perform arithmetic operation on image
Algorithm:
Open MATLAB application
Read the two images using imread() function.
To perform arthimetic operations images must be in the same size
Perform resize using resize() function
Perform arithmetic operations and display the images
Save the file using .m extension.
Program Coding:
clear all;
close all;
clc;
I1=imread('C:\Users\PGCSLAB02\Desktop\mat lab images\emoji.jpg');
I2=imread('C:\Users\PGCSLAB02\Desktop\mat lab images\smiley.jpg');
[r,c,z]=size(I2);
I1r=imresize(I1,[r,c]);
A=I1r+I2;
B=I2-I1r;
C=I1r.*I2;
D=I2.\I1r;
figure
subplot(231);
imshow(I1r);
subplot(232);
imshow(I2);
subplot(233);
imshow(A);
subplot(234);
imshow(B);
subplot(235);
imshow(C);
subplot(236);
imshow(D);
output
Result:
Thus the program was executed successfully and the output was verified
Ex no:3
Date: Implement image logical operations
Aim:
To perform logical operations on images
Algorithm:
Open a MATLAB application
Resize the image to perform using the corresponding function such as bit and() etc.
Plot the value and give the title
Save the file using .m extension
Run the file and output will be displayed.
Program coding:
clear ;
close all;
clc;
i1=imread('C:\Users\PGCSLAB02\Desktop\mat lab images\singam.jpg');
i2=imread('C:\Users\PGCSLAB02\Desktop\mat lab images\logo.jpg');
[r,c,z]=size(i2);
i1r=imresize(i1,[r,c]);
AND=bitand(i1r,i2);
OR=bitxor(i1r,i2);
OR1=bitor(i1r,i2);
COM=imcomplement(i2);
figure
subplot(321);
imshow(i1r);
title('Image 1');
subplot(322);
imshow(i2);
title('Image 2');
subplot(323);
imshow(AND);
title('And operation');
subplot(324);
imshow(OR);
title('Xor operation');
subplot(325);
imshow(OR1);
title('Or operation');
subplot(326);
imshow(COM);
title('Complement of Image 2');
Output:
Result:
Thus the program was executed successfully and the output was verified.
Ex no:4
Date: Geometric transformation of images
Aim:
To perform gemotric transformation of image using matlab
Algorithm:
Open a MATLAB application
Read the image using imread() function
Plot the image and give the title
Scaling the image using imresize() function
Rotate the image using imrotate () function
Save the file using .m extension
Run the file and output will be display.
Program coding:
clc;
clear all;
%Scaling
I=imread('C:\Users\PGCSLAB02\Desktop\mat lab images\rain1.jpg');
subplot(2,2,1); subimage(I); title('Original Image');
s=input('Enter Scaling Factor'); j=imresize(I,s);
subplot(2,2,2); subimage(j); title('Scaled Image');
%Rotation
K=imrotate(j,60);
subplot(2,2,3); imshow(K); title('Rotated Image 60deg');
R=imrotate(j,45);
subplot(2,2,4); imshow(R); title('Rotated Image 45deg');
Output:
Result:
Thus the program was executed successfully and the output was
verified.
Ex no:5
Date: Histogram Equalization
Aim:
To perform histogram equalization of image in MATLAB
Algorithm:
Open a MATLAB application
Read the image using imread() function
Plot the image and give the title
Change the original image into gray scale image
Adjust the image using imadjust() function
Draw the histogram equalization graph of the image using histeq
Show the images using imshow()
Save the file using imshow()
Run the file and output will be displayed.
Program Coding:
clc;
clear all;
%Image Enhancement
I=imread('C:\Users\PGCSLAB02\Desktop\mat lab images\himalaya.jpg');
subplot(4,2,1);imshow(I);title('Original Image');
g=rgb2gray(I);
subplot(4,2,5);imshow(g);title('Gray Image');
J=imadjust(g,[0.3 0.7],[]);
subplot(4,2,3);imshow(J);title('Enhancement Image');
D=imadjust(I,[0.2 0.3 0;0.6 0.7 1],[]);
subplot(4,2,4);imshow(D);title('Enhancement Image ');
%Histogram and Histogram Equalization
subplot(4,2,7);imhist(g);title('Histogram of Gray Image');
m=histeq(g);
subplot(4,2,6);imshow(m);title('Equalised Image');
subplot(4,2,8);imhist(m);title('Histogram of Equalised Image');
Output:
Result:
Thus the program was executed successfully and the output was
verified.
Ex no:6
Date: Non-linear Filtering
Aim:
To perform a non-linear filtering on images
Algorithm:
Open the MATLAB application
Read the image using imread() function
Use imf, ims ime variable to perform various filter an images
Use imr, N variable to perform range filter and noise on images
Perform red, blue and green channels on images
Give the variable F to concatenate the images. use cat function for concatenation.
Plot the values for images on subplot() function and give title for the images
Save and run the program
Program Coding:
i=imread('C:\Users\PGCSLAB02\Desktop\mat lab images\birds.jpg');
%create a normalised 5-by-5 pixels averaging filter
h=ones(5,5)/25;
imf=imfilter(i,h);
ims=stdfilt(i);
ime=entropyfilt(i);
i1=imread('C:\Users\PGCSLAB02\Desktop\mat lab images\rose.jpg');
imr=rangefilt(i1);
i2=imread('C:\Users\PGCSLAB02\Desktop\mat lab images\leaf.jpg');
N=imnoise(i2,'salt & pepper',0.2);
red_channel=N(:,:,1);
green_channel=N(:,:,2);
blue_channel=N(:,:,3);
red_channel=medfilt2(red_channel,[3,3]);
green_channel=medfilt2(green_channel,[3,3]);
blue_channel=medfilt2(blue_channel,[3,3]);
F=cat(3,red_channel,green_channel,blue_channel);
subplot(3,3,1),imshow(i),title('Original Image i');
subplot(3,3,2),imshow(imf),title('Using imfilter');
subplot(3,3,3),imshow(ims,[]),title('Using Standard');
subplot(3,3,4),imshow(ime),title('Entropy');
subplot(3,3,5),imshow(i1),title('Original image i1');
subplot(3,3,6),imshow(imr),title('Using Range');
subplot(3,3,7),imshow(i2),title('Original Image i2');
subplot(3,3,8),imshow(N),title('Salt and pepper image');
subplot(3,3,9),imshow(F),title('Using Median');
Output:
Result:
Thus the program was executed successfully and the output was
verified
Ex no:7
Edge detection using a operator
Date:
Aim:
To perform edge detection of image using operation in MATLAB
Algorithm:
Open a MATLAB application
Read the image using imread() function
Plot the size and give the title
Change the original image to gray image
Filter the image using imfilter() function
Show all the image using imshow() function
Save the file using .m extension
Run the file and output will be displayed.
Program Coding:
i=imread('C:\Users\PGCSLAB02\Desktop\mat lab images\logo1.jpg');
subplot(4,2,1),imshow(i),title('Original Image');
g=rgb2gray(i);
subplot(4,2,2),imshow(g),title('Gray Image');
f=fspecial('laplacian',0.05);
im=imfilter(g,f);
subplot(4,2,3),imshow(im),title('Laplacian');
s=edge(g, 'sobel');
subplot(4,2,4),imshow(s),title('Sobel');
p=edge(g, 'prewitt');
subplot(4,2,5),imshow(p),title('Prewitt');
r=edge(g, 'roberts');
subplot(4,2,6),imshow(r),title('Roberts');
[BW,thresh,gv,gh]=edge(g,'sobel',[],'horizontal');
[BW1,thresh1,gv1,gh1]=edge(g,'sobel ',[],'vertical');
subplot(4,2,7),imshow(BW);title('Sobel Horizontal'),subplot(4,2,8);
imshow(BW1),title('Sobel vertical');
Output:
Result:
Thus the program was executed successfully and the output was verified
Ex no:8
Date: 2D DFT and DCT
2D- DFT
2D-DFT
Aim:
To inform 2D discrets fourier in MATLAB
Algorithm:
Open a MATLAB application
Read the image using imread() function
Perfrom fourier tranfrom shifting using fftshift() function
Also perform inverse fourier transfrom using ifft()
Now display the images using imshow() function
2D-DCT
Aim:
To inform 2D discrete cosine transfrom in MATLAB
Algorithm:
Open a MATLAB application
Calculate DCT and inverse fourier transform using ifft()
Convert the RGB to gray using rgb2gray() function
Plot the value subplot() function
Save the file and run
Program Coding:
2D-DFT
i=imread('C:\Users\PGCSLAB02\Desktop\mat lab images\baby.jpg');
i1=fft2(i);
i2=fftshift(i1);
i3=ifft(i2);
subplot(2,2,1),imshow(i),title('Original Image');
subplot(2,2,2),imshow(i1),title('Fourier Image');
subplot(2,2,3),imshow(i2),title('Shifted Fourier Image');
subplot(2,2,4),imshow(uint8(i3)),title('Inverse Fourier Image');
2D-DCT
RGB=imread('D:\MATLAB RAMYA\pictures\brd1.jpg');
I=rgb2gray(RGB);
J=dct2(I);
J(abs(J)<10)=0;
K=idct2(J);
subplot(2,2,1),imshow(RGB),title('Original Image');
subplot(2,2,2),imshow(I),title('Grayscale image');
subplot(2,2,3),imshow(log(abs(J)),[]),colormap(jet),colorbar,title('Colorbar for discrete
cosine transform');
subplot(2,2,4),imshow(K,[0 255]),title('Inverse discrete cosine');
Result:
Thus the program was executed successfully and the output was verified
Ex no:9
Date: Filtering in frequency domains
Aim:
To perform filtering in frequency domain of the images
Algorithm:
Open a MATLAB application
Read the image using imread function
Use imf() fuction to filter the images
Use imf function to find the standard filter
Use ime for entropy filter and imr for range filter
Use the variable N for finding the noise distortion for the image
Use color channels for the image
Use the variable F to concate all the filters
Plot the function values using subplot() function
Show the image using imshow() function and give the title
Display the result
Program Coding:
clc;
clear all;
%Loading Image
im=double(rgb2gray(imread('C:\Users\PGCSLAB02\Desktop\white.jpg')));
F_u_v=fft2(im);
F_u_v=(fftshift(F_u_v));
figure(1);
subplot(1,2,1);imshow(uint8(im));
title('Original Image');
temp=log(abs(F_u_v));
subplot(1,2,2);
imshow(temp,[]);
title('Fourier Spectra');
%Idle Lowpass Filter
%Creating Transfer Function
[M,N]=size(im);
%set up range of variables.
u=0:(M-1);
v=0:(N-1);
%compute the indices for use in meshgrid
idx=find(u>M/2);
u(idx)=u(idx)-M;
idy=find(v>N/2);
v(idy)=v(idy)-N;
%compute the meshgrid arrays.
[V,U]=meshgrid(v,u);
%compute the distances D(U,V).
D0=30;
D=sqrt(U.^2+V.^2);
H=ifftshift(double(D <=D0));
%Applying the transfer function
g=real(ifft2(H.*F_u_v));
%crop to original size.
%g=g(1:size(F_u_v,1),1:size(F_u_v,2));
figure(2);
subplot(1,2,1);imshow(uint8(abs(g)));
title('Filtered Image');
subplot(1,2,2);imshow(H,[]);
title('Idle Lowpass Filter');
%%Gaussian filter
Hg=ifftshift(exp(-(D.^2)./(2*(D0^2))));
%Applying Gaussian Filter
g=real(ifft2(Hg.*F_u_v));
figure(3);
subplot(1,2,1);imshow(uint8(abs(g)));
title('Filtered Image');
subplot(1,2,2);imshow(Hg,[]);
title('Gaussian Lowpass Filter');
%%Idle Highpass Filter
D0=10;
H=ifftshift(double(D<=D0));
Hp=1-H;
%Applying Highpass filter
g=real(ifft2(Hp.*F_u_v));
figure(4);
subplot(1,2,1);imshow(uint8(abs(g)));
title('Filtered Image');
subplot(1,2,2);imshow(Hp,[]);
title('Idle Highpass Filter');
%%Gaussian Highpass Filter
D0=10;
H=ifftshift(exp(-(D.^2)./(2*(D0^2))));
Hgh=1-H;
g=real(ifft2(Hgh.*F_u_v));
figure(5);
subplot(1,2,1);imshow(uint8(abs(g)));
title('Filtered Image');
subplot(1,2,2);imshow(Hgh,[]);
title('Gaussian Highpass Filter');
Output:
Result:
Thus the program was executed successfully and the output was
verified.
Ex no:10
Date: Conversion between color spaces
Aim:
To convert images various between color spaces
Algorithm:
Open a MATLAB application using imread()
Read the image and plot the image
Original image change into ycbcr,ntsc,hsv format
Show the every image save the file
Click the run option m. extension
Program Coding:
i=imread('C:\Users\PGCSLAB02\Desktop\mat lab images\image1.jpg');
i2=rgb2ycbcr(i);
i3=rgb2ntsc(i);
i4=rgb2hsv(i);
subplot(2,2,1),imshow(i),title('Original Image');
subplot(2,2,2),imshow(i2),title('YCBCR Image');
subplot(2,2,3),imshow(i3),title('NTSC Image');
subplot(2,2,4),imshow(i4),title('HSV Image');
Output:
Result:
Thus the program was executed successfully and the output was verified
Ex no:11
DWT of Images
Date:
Aim:
To perform discrete wavelet transformation of images in matlab
Algorithm:
Open a MATLAB application
Read the image using imread() function
Filter the images using various techniques such as imfilter(),stdfilt() and entropyflit()
method
Read another image and perform filtering using rangefilt() technique
Take another image and add noise using imnoise() function and the colour in to three
colour channels, then perform filtering using media filter medfilt2()
Now display all the images using imshow()
Save the file using m. extension.
Program Coding:
clc;
clear all;
close all;
figure(1)
i=imread('C:\Users\PGCSLAB02\Desktop\mat lab images\building.jpg');
imshow(i);
sx=size(i);
[LL,LH,HL,HH]=dwt2(i,'db1');
figure(2)
subplot(2,2,1);imshow(uint8(LL));title('LL band of image');
subplot(2,2,2);imshow(uint8(LH));title('LH band of image');
subplot(2,2,3);imshow(uint8(HL));title('HL band of image');
subplot(2,2,4);imshow(uint8(HH));title('HH band of image');
Output:
Result:
Thus the program was executed successfully and the output was
verified
Ex no:12
Date: segmentation
Aim:
To perform image segmentation using MATLAB
Algorithm:
Open a MATLAB application
Read the image perform fourier transform,shift using fft2() and fftshift()
Display the output and input
Then calculate the fourier spectum and also display it
Create transfer function and meshgrid arrays
Apply craussian filtering and highpass filtering of the image
Display the result using imshow() function
Save the file using .m extension
Run the file.
Program Coding:
he=imread('C:\Users\PGCSLAB02\Desktop\mat lab images\whiteblood.jpg');
figure(1);
imshow(he),title('H&E Image');
text(size(he,2),size(he,1)+15,...
'Image Courtesy of Alan Partin, Johns Hopkins University',...
'Fontsize',7,'HorizontalAlignment','right');
form = makecform('srgb2lab');
lab_he = applycform(he,form);
ab = double(lab_he(:,:,2:3));
nrows = size(ab,1);
ncols = size(ab,2);
ab = reshape(ab,nrows*ncols,2);
nColors = 3;
%repeat the clustering 3 times to avoid local minims
[cluster_idx, cluster_center] = kmeans (ab,nColors,'distance','sqEuclidean',...
'Replicates',3);
pixel_labels = reshape(cluster_idx,nrows,ncols);
figure(2);
imshow(pixel_labels,[]),title('image labeled by cluster index');
segmented_images = cell(1,3);
rgb_label = repmat(pixel_labels,[1 1 3]);
for k = 1:nColors
color=he;
color(rgb_label ~= k) = 0;
segmented_images{k} = color;
end
figure(3);
imshow(segmented_images{1}),title('objects in cluster 1');
figure(4);
imshow(segmented_images{2}),title('objects in cluster 2');
figure(5);
imshow(segmented_images{3}),title('objects in cluster 3');
Output:
Result:
Thus the program was executed successfully and the output was verifed
