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Section 1 - With Answers

This document contains a section on propositional logic from the Department of IS/Discrete Mathematics for 2022-2023. It includes definitions of key terms like proposition, propositional variable, and connectives. Examples of propositions and non-propositions are given along with their truth values. The concepts of negation, disjunction, conjunction, exclusive or, conditional, and biconditional are defined using truth tables. Examples of translating English statements to propositional logic using given propositions are provided.

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Batata Ashraf El Guindy
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75 views2 pages

Section 1 - With Answers

This document contains a section on propositional logic from the Department of IS/Discrete Mathematics for 2022-2023. It includes definitions of key terms like proposition, propositional variable, and connectives. Examples of propositions and non-propositions are given along with their truth values. The concepts of negation, disjunction, conjunction, exclusive or, conditional, and biconditional are defined using truth tables. Examples of translating English statements to propositional logic using given propositions are provided.

Uploaded by

Batata Ashraf El Guindy
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Department of IS/ Discrete Mathematics 2022-2023

Section #1 with Answers


Propositional Logic:
1. Write the Definitions of the following Terms?
a) Proposition.
b) Propositional variable.
c) Connectives or logical operators.
d) Compound proposition.
e) Truth Table.
2. Which of these sentences are propositions? What are the truth values of those that are
propositions?
a) Grass is green.
It is a proposition, Truth value =True (T).
b) 2 + 3 = 5.
It is a proposition, Truth value =True (T).
c) 5 + 7 = 10.
It is a proposition, Truth value =False (F).
d) 4 + x = 5.
It is not a proposition, (it contains a variable; the truth value depends on the value
assigned to x).
e) Answer this question.
It is not a proposition.
f) What time is it?
It is not a proposition.

3. What is the negation of each of these propositions?


a) There is no pollution in New Jersey.
There is pollution in New Jersey.
b) 2 + 1 = 3.
2 + 1 ≠ 3.
c) The summer in Maine is hot and sunny.
The summer in Maine is not hot and is not sunny.
d) What is the negation of “This is a boring course”?
This is not a boring course.

4. Define (using truth tables) the disjunction, conjunction, exclusive or, conditional, and
biconditional of the propositions p and q.

1
Department of IS/ Discrete Mathematics 2022-2023

5. Let p be the proposition “I will do every exercise in this book” and q be the proposition “I will
get an “A” in this course.” Express each of these as a combination of p and q.
a) I will get an “A” in this course only if I do every exercise in this book.
q → p.
b) I will get an “A” in this course and I will do every exercise in this book.
q ∧ p.
c) Either I will not get an “A” in this course or I will not do every exercise in this book.
¬q ∨ ¬p.
d) For me to get an “A” in this course it is necessary and sufficient that I do every exercise in
this book.
q ↔ p.

6. Translate the given statement into propositional logic using the propositions provided.
a) You can graduate only if you have completed the requirements of your major and you do
not owe money to the university and you do not have an overdue library book. Express your
answer in terms of g: “You can graduate,” m:“You owe money to the university, ”r: “You
have completed the requirements of your major,” and b: “You have an overdue library
book.”
Answer: Recall that p only if q means p →q. In this case, if you can graduate then you must
have fulfilled the three listed requirements. Therefore the statement is g→(r ∧ (¬m) ∧ (¬b)).

b) You are eligible to be President of the U.S.A. only if you are at least 35 years old, were born
in the U.S.A, or at the time of your birth both of your parents were citizens, and you have
lived at least 14 years in the country. Express your answer in terms of e: “You are eligible to
be President of the U.S.A.,” a: “You are at least 35 years old,” b: “You were born in the U.S.A,”
p: “At the time of your birth, both of your parents where citizens,” and r: “You have lived at
least 14 years in the U.S.A.”
Answer: This is like Exercise 3. If you are eligible to be President, then you must satisfy the
requirements: e → (a ∧ (b ∨p)∧r).

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