This document contains multiple questions about cell structures visible under light and electron microscopes at different magnifications. It asks the reader to identify organelles and structures labeled in diagrams of cells, state their functions, and calculate sizes. It also contains questions comparing features of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, and outlining the roles of specific organelles.
This document contains multiple questions about cell structures visible under light and electron microscopes at different magnifications. It asks the reader to identify organelles and structures labeled in diagrams of cells, state their functions, and calculate sizes. It also contains questions comparing features of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, and outlining the roles of specific organelles.
This document contains multiple questions about cell structures visible under light and electron microscopes at different magnifications. It asks the reader to identify organelles and structures labeled in diagrams of cells, state their functions, and calculate sizes. It also contains questions comparing features of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, and outlining the roles of specific organelles.
This document contains multiple questions about cell structures visible under light and electron microscopes at different magnifications. It asks the reader to identify organelles and structures labeled in diagrams of cells, state their functions, and calculate sizes. It also contains questions comparing features of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, and outlining the roles of specific organelles.
(ii) Suggest why liver cells of the type shown in the diagram contain many of these organelles.
......................................................................................................................... [1] [Total 2 marks] 79. The diagram below is a drawing of an organelle from a ciliated cell as seen with an electron microscope.
(iv) Calculate the actual length of the organelle as shown by the line AB in the diagram. Express your answer to the nearest micrometer (m).
Show your working.
Answer = ........................................... m [2] [Total 6 marks] 80. The diagram below is a drawing of an organelle from a ciliated cell as seen with an electron microscope.
A B
× 20 000
An image drawn to the same magnification as in the diagram could be produced using a light microscope.
Explain why such an image would be of little use when studying cells.
110. Below is a drawing of an animal cell as seen under an electron microscope.
D A
Complete the following table by:
• identifying the parts of the cell A to E
• naming the part of the cell responsible for the function stated.
The first one has been done for you.
function part of cell label
controls activities of the
nucleus A cell
carries out aerobic
respiration
attaches to mRNA in protein synthesis
produces secretory vesicles
contains digestive enzymes
[Total 8 marks] 1. 1500;
500 000; ACCEPT 1400 and 300,000 for 1 max only [2]
2. ability to see (two) objects (that are close together) as separate objects / AW; ACCEPT ability to distinguish two objects
see detail; IGNORE clarity / clear [2]
14. (i) A smooth endoplasmic reticulum / SER
B nuclear, membrane / envelope; C mitochondrion; D nucleolus; mark first response on each line only ACCEPT nucleus, membrane / envelope ACCEPT mitochondria DO NOT ACCEPT nucleous 4
(ii) (mitochondria) vary in shape;
longer than wide; ACCEPT sausage shaped/long and thin ACCEPT if shown by drawing
cut in different planes / angles / AW;
just divided / growing;
artefact / deformed during preparation of section; need comparative statement ACCEPT C has been cut in longitudinal plane, E has been cut in transverse, section / plane ACCEPT one cut horizontally, other cut vertically ACCEPT in different positions / one viewed from above the other from the side 2 max
(ii) correct answer = two marks
3.75 / 3.8;;
if answer incorrect ALLOW one mark for correct working
ACCEPT if 3.75 or 3.8 is seen anywhere in response (even if later rounded to 4) Max 1 if response is 4 with no working how to award one mark for working e.g. candidate shows correct calculation but wrong answer 20 15 actual length = 80 OR candidate uses magnification (× 4000) in calculation: actual length = 15000 / 4000; length of C should be 15mm / 15000μm ACCEPT ecf for working mark if length of C is not measured correctly but incorrect figure is used in calculation correctly 2
42. (i) 4 eukaryotic cell prokaryotic cell
cell wall
nuclear ; envelope
Golgi apparatus ;
ribosomes ;
flagellum sometimes present;
(ii) Golgi apparatus
repackage / transport, proteins; add carbohydrate group to protein; max 1
ribosome site of protein synthesis; 2
57. (i) mitochondrion; A mitochondria 1
(ii) (liver requires) a lot of, energy/ATP;
R statements including ‘produce/create/make, energy’ 1 [2]
79. (i) mitochondrion; A mitochondria 1
(ii) aerobic respiration;
ATP production; A provides ATP energy release; A provides energy R produce / create / make / etc AVP; e.g. Krebs cycle / regenerate NAD oxidative phosphorylation protein synthesis lipid synthesis oxidation of fats ornithine / urea, cycle 2 max (iii) (energy / ATP needed) for, movement / wafting (of cilia); R flagellum / molecules 1
(iv) award two marks if correct answer (5) is given
award one mark for calculation
5;; if answer incorrect, allow 1 mark for 100 +/– 2 (mm) or 10 +/– 0.2 (cm) ÷ 20000 2 [6]
80. low resolution; ora
(close) points not easily distinguished; wavelength (of visible light) is too long; max resolution of light microscope =, 200 nm / 0.2 µm; A anything close no more detail visible than seen at, ×1500 / ×1000;
A comparative statements R reverse arguments for points 2 – 5 2 max [2]
110. mark two columns separately first. If letter and part of cell both incorrect, look to see if the part of the cell corresponds to this letter. If so, allow 1 mark ecf
