Good One For Subsea Lifting - 1

BREAEMAR
OFFSHORE
Offshore Lifting for Subsea Equipment
Muhammad
Naval Architect
Braemar Technical Services Offshore

16th September 2014
BREAEMAR
Content OFFSHORE
• General
 Light lift
 Heavy lift
 Lifting Capacity Checks

• Rule/Code (DNV-RP-H103)
 Lifting Through Wave Zone
 Deepwater Lowering Operation
 Landing on Seabed and Retrieval
• Practice in Offshore Industries
16 September 2014 Offshore Lifting for Subsea Equipment 2

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General OFFSHORE
• Equipment : Crane, Crane Vessel, Transport Vessel, Lifted Object

• Main consideration:
Clearence :
• Between lifted object and crane boom
• Between crane boom and any other object/structure
• Between the lifted object and any other object/structure
• Between the underside of the lifted object and grillage or seafastening
• Bottom of crane vessel and the seabed (at shallow water)

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General OFFSHORE
• Light Lift
• Heavy Lift
• Lift off the Object

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General OFFSHORE
• Light Lift
 Crane Tip Motion
• Crane boom assumed to be stiff, therefore crane tip motion can
be determined from wave induced rigid body motion.
• Surge, sway & heave = RAO of the vessel in 6 DOF (at COG)
• Response amplitude (ct), velocity (Vct), eigenperiod (T0r) 
o Analytical solution
o Equation are available at DNV-RP-H103 Chapter 9.

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General OFFSHORE
• Light Lift
 Hydrodynamic Interaction
For the case of:
A. The presence of other fixed or floating structure in the
vicinity of the vessel  Recalculate RAO of the vessel:
B. Lifting from or to transport vessel/barge  recalculate RAO
for both vessel (coupled 12 DOF)

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General OFFSHORE
• Heavy Lift
– Equipment: Semi-submersible Crane Vessel (SSCV) & computer
controlled ballast system
– Lift-off operation for bow-mounted crane:
• Pre-trimmed to stern up
• Pre-hoist operation:
– transferrinig 80% of the load from the barge to the SSCV
– The barge and SSCV oscilate together as a almost rigid system
in vertical direction
– Ballast operation to reverse the trim
– Load is lifted 4-5 m within 90 second  5 cm/s

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General OFFSHORE
• Heavy Lift
 Motion analysis
• 12 DOF ( 6 DOF from SSCV + 6 DOF from the barge)
• After lift-off : 18 DOF (6DOF extra from the object)
– Lifted object + SSCV + Barge  coupled each other
– Horizontal motion of lifted object  critical
• Time domain analysis

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General OFFSHORE
• Heavy Lift
 Motion analysis- Coupled Dynamic Motioin
• Neglect rotation motion of lifted object  12 DOF become 9 DOF
• Mass matrix, spring matrix and response motion analysis  refer

to part 9.3.3

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General OFFSHORE
• Lift off The Object

 Side-by-side position: relative motion between the crane hook and
the barge
 Feasibility of lift-off operation:
• The hoisting speed of the crane (depends on the weight of the object to be
lifted, a lower limit is usually taken to be in the order of 0.1 m/s).
• The combined motion characteristics of the barge and the crane vessel.
• The weather condition, combined with the orientation of the two vessels.
 Probability of barge hitting lifted object : analytical solution.
available at part 9.5.2

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Content OFFSHORE
• General
 Light lift
 Heavy lift


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Lifting Capacity Checks OFFSHORE
• Reference : (DNV Rules for Marine Operation 1996, Pt. 2 Ch. 5)

 Dynamic loads, lift in air
 Crane Capacity
 Rigging capacity (slings, shackles, etc.)
 Structural steel capacity
(lifted object, lifting points, spreader bars, etc.)

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• Dynamic loads (DAF) for Lift in Air

 DAF in air may be caused by e.g. variation in
hoisting speeds or motions of crane vessel and
lifted object.
 The given table is applicable for offshore lift in air
in minor sea states, typically Hs <2-2.5m.
 DAF must be estimated separately for lifts in air at
higher seastates and for subsea lifts !

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• Dynamic loads (DAF) for Lift in Air

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• Crane Capacity
DHL = DAF*(W+Wrig) + F(SPL)
– W is the weight of the structure, including a weight inaccuracy factor

– The DHL should be checked against available crane capacity.
– The crane capacity decrease when the lifting radius increase.

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• Rigging capacity (slings, shackles, etc.)

 Sling Load
• The maximum dynamic sling load, Fsling:
Fsling = DHL∙SKL∙kCoG∙DW / sin φ
Where:
 SKL = Skew load factor → extra loading caused by equipment and
fabrication tolerances.
 kCoG = CoG factor → inaccuracies in estimated position of centre of
gravity.
 DW = vertical weight distribution → e.g. DWA = (8/15)∙(7/13) in sling
A.
 φ = sling angle from the horizontal plane.

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• Rigging capacity (slings, shackles, etc.)

– The sling capacity ”Minimum breaking load”, MBL, is checked by:
The safety factor is minimum sf ≥ 3.0.

– ”Safe working load”, SWL, and ” MBL, of the shackle are checked by :
Both criteria shall be fulfilled

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• Structural steel capacity

– The load factor  f = 1.3, is increased by a consequence factor, C =
1.3, so that total design factor,  design , becomes:
– The design load acting on the lift point becomes:
– A lateral load of minimum 3% of the design load shall be included. This

load acts in the shackle bow !

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• Structural steel capacity

 Other lifting equipment:
A consequence factor of C = 1.3 should be applied on lifting yokes,
spreader bars, plateshackles, etc.
 Structural strength of Lifted Object:

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• Summary

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Content OFFSHORE
• General
 Light lift
 Heavy lift


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Rule/Code OFFSHORE
• DNV-RP-H103 (Modelling and analysis of Marine Operation)

 Lifting through wave zone
 Deepwater lowering operation
 Landing on seabed and retrieval

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Rule/Code OFFSHORE
• Lifting through wave zone

 Hydrodynamic forces
 General Method
 Simplified Method
 Stability of lifting operation
 Snap forces
 Moonpool operation

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Rule/Code OFFSHORE
Lifting Through Wave Zone (DNV-RP-H103)
• Hydrodynamic Forces (General Method)

– General
• Accurate prediction of design load during lowering/ retrieval
– Loads
• Weight of object, Buoyancy force, Current force, viscous drag
force:  analitical solution. Equation are available in part 3.2
• Inertia force due to moving object, Wave damping force, Wave

excitation force, Slamming force, vertical motion of lifted object:
 numerical calculation in time domain

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Rule/Code OFFSHORE
• Hydrodynamic Forces (General Method)

 Calculation methods
• Simplified Method
• Regular design wave approach
– Shallow water effects are neglected.
– Fhyd = Fρ + Fm + Fs + Fd [N]
where : Fρ = varying buoyancy force [N], Fm = hydrodynamic mass force
[N], Fs = slamming impact force [N], Fd = hydrodynamic drag force [N]
• Time domain analyses
– 3 hours simulation period for each load case.
– 30 minutes simulation for sensitivity analysis
– CFD analysis

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Rule/Code OFFSHORE
• Hydrodynamic Forces (Simplified Method)
 the Simplified Method is to give simple conservative

estimates of the forces acting on the object.
 Main assumption:
• the horizontal extent of the lifted object is small compared to the wave
length
• the vertical motion of the object is equal the vertical crane tip motion
• vertical motion of object and water dominates → other motions can be
disregarded

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Rule/Code OFFSHORE
• Simplified Method – Time Domain Analysis –

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Rule/Code OFFSHORE
• Simplified Method – Crane Tip Motion –

– T crane tip  Tn, Simplified method is unapplicable
– Heave, pitch and roll RAOs for the vessel should be combined with
crane tip position to find the vertical motion of the crane tip
– If operation reference period is within 30 minutes, the most probable
largest responses may be taken as 1.80 times the significant
responses.
– Unless the vessel heading is fixed, vessel response should be analysed
for wave directions at least ±15° off the applied vessel heading

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Rule/Code OFFSHORE
• Simplified Method – Wave Period –

 There are two alternative approaches:
1. Wave periods are included:
Analyses should cover the following zero-crossing wave period range:
A lower limit of Hmax=1.8∙Hs=λ/7 with wavelength λ=g∙Tz2/2π is here used.

2. Wave period are disregarded:
Operation procedures should in this case reflect that the calculations are only
valid for waves longer than:
– A lower limit of Hmax=1.8∙Hs=λ/10 with wavelength λ=g∙Tz2/2π is here used.

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Rule/Code OFFSHORE
• Simplified Method – Wave Kinematics –

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Rule/Code OFFSHORE
• Simplified Method – Hydrodynamic Forces –

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Rule/Code OFFSHORE

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Rule/Code OFFSHORE

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Rule/Code OFFSHORE
• Simplified Method – Added Mass –

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Rule/Code OFFSHORE

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Rule/Code OFFSHORE

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Rule/Code OFFSHORE

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Rule/Code OFFSHORE
• Simplified Method – Load Cases Example –

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Rule/Code OFFSHORE
• Simplified Method – Load Cases Example –

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Rule/Code OFFSHORE
• Simplified Method – Static Weight –

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Rule/Code OFFSHORE
• Simplified Method – DAF –

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Rule/Code OFFSHORE
• Simplified Method – DAF –

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Rule/Code OFFSHORE
• Simplified Method – Slack Slings –

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Rule/Code OFFSHORE
• Simplified Method – Slack Slings –

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Rule/Code OFFSHORE
• Simplified Method – Summary –

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Rule/Code OFFSHORE
• Simplified Method – Summary –

 The simplified method assumes that:
• Vertical motion of structure is equal to the crane tip motion.
• The horizontal extension of the structure is small.
• Only vertical motion is present.
 More accurate calculations can be performed
applying:
• Regular design wave approach (Ch. 3.4.2)
• Time domain analyses
• CFD analyses

BREAEMAR
Rule/Code OFFSHORE
• Lifting through wave zone

 Hydrodynamic forces
 General Method
 Simplified Method
 Stability of lifting operation
 Snap forces
 Moonpool operation

BREAEMAR
Rule/Code OFFSHORE
• Stability of Lifting Operation

 Partly air-filled objects
• lifting of objects where the buoyancy is distributed differently
• If no other forces, object will rotate untill CB is above CG

• Lift wire must be above CF to avoid tilting
• Sling length adjustment required for horizontal landing on seabed

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Rule/Code OFFSHORE
• Stability of Lifting Operation

 Effects of free water surface inside the object
• GB must be large enough to give :
up-righting moment > overturning moment (by water inside the
object)

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Rule/Code OFFSHORE
• Snap Force
• Moonpool Operation

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Rule/Code OFFSHORE


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Rule/Code OFFSHORE
• Deepwater Lowering Operation

 Main consideration:
 Stretched length of cable
 Horizontal offset
 Dynamics motion of lifted object
 Methods for controlling vertical motion of lifted object
 Static Forces
 Dynamic Forces
 Heave Compensation

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Rule/Code OFFSHORE

 Static Forces
• Stretched length of a cable
• Horizontal offset due to current
• Vertical displacement
• Vertical cable stiffness
• Horizontal stiffness
• Cable payout – quasi-static loads

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Rule/Code OFFSHORE

 Dynamic Forces
• Dynamic drag forces
• Application
• Natural frequencies, straight vertical cable
• Eigen periods
• Longitudinal pressure waves
• Response of lifted object in a straight vertical cable exposed to
forced vertical oscillations
• Slack cable conditions
• Horizontal motion response of lifted object in a straight vertical
cable
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Rule/Code OFFSHORE

• DNV-RP-H103 chapter 5 contains a simplified method for establishing
dynamic loads and limiting weather criteria during deepwater lifting
operations.

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Rule/Code OFFSHORE

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Rule/Code OFFSHORE

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Rule/Code OFFSHORE
• Landing On Seabed and Retrieval

• Main consideration:
– Foundation failure shouldn’t take place
– Damage does not occur to acceleration sensitive equipment
• Landing on Seabed
– Landing impact problem definition
– Physical parameters and effects to be considered
– Iterative analysis procedure
– Simplified method for foundations without skirts
– Simplified method for foundations with skirts on soft soil
– Application of safety factors
– Calculation of skirt penetration resistance
• Installation by Suction and Levelling
• Retrieval Foundation

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Content OFFSHORE
• General
 Light lift
 Heavy lift


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Practice in Industries OFFSHORE
• Case Studies:
 Technip
– Manifold and Spool Installation
 Chevron Makassar – Franklin Offshore
– Suction Pile Installation

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• Technip - Manifold and Spool Installation -

Preparation for Offshore Lifting
Structures : - Manifold 175 Te
- Spools (OD 4”, 6”, & 10”)
Installation vessel : - Skandi Arctic (LOA 156.9 m)
- 400 Te box boom crane NOV
- 58 Te knuckle boom crane
Specific requirements : Presence of drill rig
Engineering tools : - Incident Analysis and Feedback (IAF)
- AutoCad
- Simulation of Marine Operation (SIMO)
Installation analyses : - Splash Zone (slack sling, crane capacity),
- Crane tip motion for landing criteria
(position, velocity & acceleration)
- Ship Maneuvering Simulator Centre (SMSC)

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• Technip - Manifold and Spool Installation -

Equipment on : For controlling the load:
vessel - Lift-off : Endless rope taglines (riggers)
- In air : Tagging towers with winches + Crane tugger winches
- Landing : Guidewire winches + Clumpweight

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• Technip - Manifold and Spool Installation –

 Lifting offshore - Different phases of subsea lift
• Toolbox talk
• Seafastening
• Lift-off from deck
• Slewing / overboarding
• Through the splash zone
• Landing phase
• Recovery to deck

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 Lifting offshore - Different phases of subsea lift
• Toolbox talk
– Installation procedure / work plan
– Lift plan & rigging specifications drawing
– Deck layout
– Contingency operations
– Experiences from load-out

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 Important aspects when planning and executing offshore
lifts:
• Deck layout, slewing path
• Winches for controlling loads in air
• Crane capacity curves, also for recovery (alarm settings)
• Communication with offshore personnel
• Learn from mobilisation (crane settings, ballasting requirements, load
handling)
• HSE – Plan to avoid working at height and under suspended loads
• Contingencies plan

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• Chevron Makassar – Franklin Offshore

Suction Pile Installation

Structures : Suction pile (to be installed)
Installation vessel : - Bourdon Oceanteam 104 (LOA 136.6 m)
- 250 MT at 10m radius (at 1.3 DAF). Located at portside
- 90 MT at 13m radius (at 1.6 DAF). Located at stern

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Vessel Description

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Major Equipment & Material List

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Procedures:
• Site arrival
– DP and USBL preparation
– Pre-check and preparation activities
– As-found survey
• Pre-deployment preparation
• Suction pile over-boarding
• Suction pile selft-penetration
• Suction pile

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Contingencies Plan:
• Vessel breakdown
• Equipment breakdown
• Suction pile positioning and penetration

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 Several issues not covered in DNV-RP-H103:
• Overpressure for retrieval (lower bound – upper bound)
• Refusal on penetration
• Expected Self penetration

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When planning Marine Operations,

remember to take into account ....

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Easy handling...

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... And survey access!!

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BREAEMAR

Offshore Lifting for Subsea Equipment

Braemar Technical Services Offshore

 Lifting Capacity Checks

• Practice in Offshore Industries

16 September 2014 Offshore Lifting for Subsea Equipment 2

• Equipment : Crane, Crane Vessel, Transport Vessel, Lifted Object

16 September 2014 Offshore Lifting for Subsea Equipment 3

16 September 2014 Offshore Lifting for Subsea Equipment 4

16 September 2014 Offshore Lifting for Subsea Equipment 5

16 September 2014 Offshore Lifting for Subsea Equipment 6

16 September 2014 Offshore Lifting for Subsea Equipment 7

16 September 2014 Offshore Lifting for Subsea Equipment 8

• Mass matrix, spring matrix and response motion analysis  refer

16 September 2014 Offshore Lifting for Subsea Equipment 9

• Lift off The Object

16 September 2014 Offshore Lifting for Subsea Equipment 10

 Lifting Capacity Checks

• Practice in Offshore Industries

16 September 2014 Offshore Lifting for Subsea Equipment 11

• Reference : (DNV Rules for Marine Operation 1996, Pt. 2 Ch. 5)

16 September 2014 Offshore Lifting for Subsea Equipment 12

• Dynamic loads (DAF) for Lift in Air

16 September 2014 Offshore Lifting for Subsea Equipment 13

• Dynamic loads (DAF) for Lift in Air

16 September 2014 Offshore Lifting for Subsea Equipment 14

DHL = DAF*(W+Wrig) + F(SPL)

– W is the weight of the structure, including a weight inaccuracy factor

16 September 2014 Offshore Lifting for Subsea Equipment 15

• Rigging capacity (slings, shackles, etc.)

16 September 2014 Offshore Lifting for Subsea Equipment 16

• Rigging capacity (slings, shackles, etc.)

The safety factor is minimum sf ≥ 3.0.

Both criteria shall be fulfilled

16 September 2014 Offshore Lifting for Subsea Equipment 17

• Structural steel capacity

– The design load acting on the lift point becomes:

– A lateral load of minimum 3% of the design load shall be included. This

16 September 2014 Offshore Lifting for Subsea Equipment 18

• Structural steel capacity

16 September 2014 Offshore Lifting for Subsea Equipment 19

16 September 2014 Offshore Lifting for Subsea Equipment 20

 Lifting Capacity Checks

• Practice in Offshore Industries

16 September 2014 Offshore Lifting for Subsea Equipment 21

• DNV-RP-H103 (Modelling and analysis of Marine Operation)

16 September 2014 Offshore Lifting for Subsea Equipment 22

• Lifting through wave zone

16 September 2014 Offshore Lifting for Subsea Equipment 23

Lifting Through Wave Zone (DNV-RP-H103)

• Hydrodynamic Forces (General Method)

• Inertia force due to moving object, Wave damping force, Wave

16 September 2014 Offshore Lifting for Subsea Equipment 24

Lifting Through Wave Zone (DNV-RP-H103)

• Hydrodynamic Forces (General Method)

16 September 2014 Offshore Lifting for Subsea Equipment 25

Lifting Through Wave Zone (DNV-RP-H103)