The Second Law of Color
The Second Law of Color
The Second Law of Color
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The Laws of
Color Vol. 2
Student Guide v1.0
by Chris Legaspi | www.drawwithchris.com
1
To Steve Huston. Thank you for teaching me the Laws of Color. Without your aweinspiring work,
teaching, humility and endless generosity I would not be the artist I am today.
To Nathan Fowkes. Thank you for sharing your incredible work and knowledge. Your teaching and
relentless workethic showed me that greatness can be achieved with hard work.
To my students, readers and subscribers. Thank you for the support and encouragement. This labor
of love is for you. May it open your eyes to a world of color and save you the years of headache that I
had to go through :)
The Laws of Color Vol. 2 Student Guide (v1.0) | www.lawsofcolor.com
Instructor: Chris Legaspi | [email protected]
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Table of Contents
I. Observation Guide
A. Example 1: male portrait
B. Example 2: female portrait
C. Observing color of light
The Laws of Color Vol. 2 Student Guide (v1.0) | www.lawsofcolor.com
Instructor: Chris Legaspi | [email protected]
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Observation Guide
The root of good painting is good drawing and the root of good drawing is good observation. Even
though this is a color course, I want to first discuss observation and how it relates to painting.
The Laws of Color Vol. 2 Student Guide (v1.0) | www.lawsofcolor.com
Instructor: Chris Legaspi | [email protected]
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Before I begin, I take a few moments to simply look and observe. One of my goals in this observation
is to identify the major shapes. First in value and then in color.
To observe value shapes, I first squint (Fig. 1). Squinting helps me to filter out color and detail
information so I can focus on the value shapes (Fig. 2). It’s the value shapes that give artwork and
images that eye catching graphic “read’.
When I look at the value, I try to group or simplify the value shapes I see into as few values as
possible (4 values or less is usually ideal). When I squint, I see 3 major value shapes, a dark, middle
and light (A). The darks are mostly in the hair and background area and can be easily grouped into a
large dark mass or shape. The midtones I see are the shadows on her face. The lightest values are
the lights on her face and the fabric in light.
Now that I have a value shapes defined in my mind, when I paint and mix colors, I know how dark, or
light to make the colors so that it maintains this simple and graphic read of dark, middle and light.
To observe the color shapes (Fig. 3), my eyes are wide open which allows more color information. To
simplify the color I see, I ask a series of questions which will be explored in further detail below.
The Laws of Color Vol. 2 Student Guide (v1.0) | www.lawsofcolor.com
Instructor: Chris Legaspi | [email protected]
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The Laws of Color Vol. 2 Student Guide (v1.0) | www.lawsofcolor.com
Instructor: Chris Legaspi | [email protected]
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One of the techniques I use to accurately observe color is to answer a series of questions. These
questions will help me to simplify the complex shapes and colors I see in my mind so I can make
good decisions when mixing colors as a paint.
Question #1: What color is it mostly?
(Fig. 1) The first thing I want to know is what
color dominates the scene. In other words,
what color takes up the most space? In this
scene the blues in the background and
shadow area take up the most space. This
means that blue will most likely be the
dominant color in my painting and be the the
color I will use the most.
The Laws of Color Vol. 2 Student Guide (v1.0) | www.lawsofcolor.com
Instructor: Chris Legaspi | [email protected]
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Question #2: What is Brightest Color?
(Fig. 2) Even though this is a value question, knowing the
brightest color will help me to identify the color of the lights,
which will naturally help me to define the color of the
shadow. In this example, the brightest colors are the cool
highlights on her forehead and the highlights on the white
fabric that faces that light.
Question #3: What is the Darkest Color?
(Fig. 3) A natural followup to knowing the lightest
color is to identify the darkest color. In this scene
the darkest colors are the dark blues in the
background (A) and accent areas like her
eyelashes (B) and the occlusion shadow area
where her hair meets her neck (C). Now I know that
in order to mix these colors, I will need a dark and
opaque blue (like Ultramarine Blue), a dark earth
tone (like Burnt Umber or Burnt Sienna) and a dark
transparent read (like Alizarin Crimson). Mixing with
dark colors instead of using a black (like Ivory
Black) will make for richer and more saturated
darks. And because I have the ability to adjust the
ratio of warm to cool colors, I will also have greater
control of the temperature of the darks.
The Laws of Color Vol. 2 Student Guide (v1.0) | www.lawsofcolor.com
Instructor: Chris Legaspi | [email protected]
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Question #4: What (and where) are the most
saturated colors?
(Fig. 4) This last question will help me to make good
decisions about the composition. Because saturation
is a powerful tool to draw the eye, i want to first define
where it should go to make the most impact in a
composition. In this scene, the most saturated colors
are the rich warm tones in the shadows on her skin.
The shadows near her eye (A), under nose (B), and
under the neck (C), are very saturated reddishbrown
tones. These will make perfect accents in the painting
that widl draw the eye to the face. The most saturated
cool tone is the rich blue in the background (D). Now I
know that if I can surround the saturated warm tones
in the face, with cool/blue tones, it will create a very
dramatic and eye catching contrast in the painting.
Conclusion
Because color is so complex and painting in color can be an incredibly difficult task, I take the time to
observe the scene and start to develop a strategy for identifying colors in the scene and how I will
simplify the colors. This will help me to make good decisions during the painting process.
Once I observe the value shapes, I then look for the color shapes. The first color I identify is the color
of the light, using the areas around the highlight and any light facing objects. Next I ask 4 important
questions such as: what is the dominant color, what is the lightest and the darkest color, and finally
what is the most saturated color.
Taking the time to observe the color and asking good questions will will not guarantee good color or a
good painting. But, it does give me a roadmap, a game plan on what colors I should use and how I
will mix these colors, and how they can be applied on the painting. With a clear gameplan in mind. I
will be more confident in my decisions during the painting process.
The Laws of Color Vol. 2 Student Guide (v1.0) | www.lawsofcolor.com
Instructor: Chris Legaspi | [email protected]
9
Homework Assignment
There is no secret to learning
color. Once you have good
information, it is simply a
matter of applying that
information and constant
repetition. To be competent
and confident with your color,
you must cultivate a
sensitivity to color. To acquire
this sensitivity, one must
constantly observe color,
interpret color and then
observe color some more.
When I was learning color, I
committed to at least 1 color
study a day, which was in
watercolor at the time (see
below for an example). Over
time, my eyes became
trained and my ability to see and interpret color became better and better. Below are some
suggestions for exercises and studies that will help to train your eye to see and understand color.
*Note: The subject matter suggested here are simple stilllife objects. The reason is obvious: less
time drawing and more time and energy for the color. The subject matter is totally up to you. If you
prefer complex things like heads, figures and architecture then feel free to use these subjects. Still life
objects are merely a suggestion. As long as observing and interpreting color is the focus, then the
exercise will be a success.
The Laws of Color Vol. 2 Student Guide (v1.0) | www.lawsofcolor.com
Instructor: Chris Legaspi | [email protected]
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The Laws of Color Vol. 2 Student Guide (v1.0) | www.lawsofcolor.com
Instructor: Chris Legaspi | [email protected]
11
Below are some variations of this exercise. I would encourage you to try them all and compare the
paintings.
● warm colored light
● cool colored light
● golden hour light
● outdoor overcast
The Laws of Color Vol. 2 Student Guide (v1.0) | www.lawsofcolor.com
Instructor: Chris Legaspi | [email protected]
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One of my favorite exercises and one that I enjoyed as a daily routine was painting colorful objects
combined with colored environments. For example, I put a green apple on a red cloth, or a red tomato
on a green cloth (see image above).
Choose any colorful object you find interesting. I recommend starting with ordinary fruit for many
reasons:
● easy to find
● variety of rich, saturated colors to choose from
● inexpensive
● simple shapes that are easy to draw
● also edible :)
Fruit is just a suggestion. Choose any object that interests you in either shape or color.
Some variations that can be done for this exercise are:
1. warm object with cool backdrop
2. cool object with warm backdrop
3. saturated object (warm or cool) with grey backdrop
4. grey/desaturated object with saturated backdrop
The Laws of Color Vol. 2 Student Guide (v1.0) | www.lawsofcolor.com
Instructor: Chris Legaspi | [email protected]
13
One way to accelerate your color training is to study the color of master painters. A master copy is a
great exercise because the master has done the hard work of producing a finished picture, the
student can focus all their attention to the color.
When doing master copies I would begin with small, thumbnail size paintings, approx. 4”5” max
size.Working in this size discourages details, and simultaneously encourages big shapes and big
strokes. The goal is to practice interpreting color, not to paint a perfect copy or replica. See image
above for examples of thumbnail sized color studies.
The Laws of Color Vol. 2 Student Guide (v1.0) | www.lawsofcolor.com
Instructor: Chris Legaspi | [email protected]
14
Below are some suggestions of master painters to study:
Fine Artists: Illustrators:
● Monet ● David Grove
● Edgar Payne ● Andrew Wyeth
● John Asaro Sorolla ● Nathan Fowkes
The Laws of Color Vol. 2 Student Guide (v1.0) | www.lawsofcolor.com
Instructor: Chris Legaspi | [email protected]
15
Recommended Materials
Essential Supplies: Optional Supplies:
A. colors = Titanium White, Burnt Sienna, Ultramarine Blue G. brush washer
B. brushes = flat #6, round #4 (bristle or sable) H. brush soap
C. canvas, 8”x10” panel (or 9”x12” canvas pad) I. palette knife
D. palette (wood or glass) J. palette scraper
E. Gamsol K. masking tape
F. paper Towels (or cloth)
The Laws of Color Vol. 2 Student Guide (v1.0) | www.lawsofcolor.com
Instructor: Chris Legaspi | [email protected]
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The Laws of Color Vol. 2 Student Guide (v1.0) | www.lawsofcolor.com
Instructor: Chris Legaspi | [email protected]
17