M 259 SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS

Standard Specification for

Precast Reinforced Concrete Box Sections for Culverts, Storm Drains, and Sewers

AASHTO DESIGNATION: M 259-921

(ASTM DESIGNATION: C 789-90)

1. SCOPE1 M 225 Deformed Steel Wire for 6.2 Cementitious Materials:

Concrete Reinforcement 6.2.1 Cement-Cement shall conform to
1.1 This specification covers singlecell M 240 Blended Hydraulic Cements the requirements for portland cement of
precast reinforced concrete box sections M 262 Terms Relating to Concrete AASHTO M 85 or shall be portland
intended to be used for the construction Pipe and Related Products blast-furnace slag cement or portland-
of culverts and for the conveyance of pozzolan cement conforming to the re-
M 273 Precast Reinforced Concrete quirements of AASHTO M 240, except
storm water, industrial wastes, and sew- Box Sections for Culverts,
age. that the pozzolan constituent in the Type
Storm Drains, and Sewers IP portland-pozzolan cement shall be fly
1.2 A complete metric companion to with Less than 2 ft of Cover ash and shall not exceed 25 percent by
AASHTO M 259 has been developed-M Subject to Highway Loadings weight.
259M; therefore, no metric equivalents M 295 Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined
are presented in this specification. 6.2.2 Fly Ash-Fly ash shall conform to
Natural Pozzolan for Use as a the requirements of AASHTO M 295,
NOTE 1-This specification is primarily a Mineral Admixture in Port- Class F or Class C.
manufacturing and purchasing specification. land Cement Concrete
However, standard designs are included and 6.2.3 Allowable Combinations of
T 280 Testing Concrete Pipe, Sec- Cementitious Materials-The combination
the criteria used to develop these designs are
tions, or Tile of cementitious materials used in the
given in the Appendices. The successful
performance of this product depends upon the concrete shall be one of the following:
proper selection of the box section, bedding,
backfill, and care that the installation conforms
3. DEFINITIONS 6.2.3.1 Portland cement only.
to the construction specifications. The pur- 6.2.3.2 Portland blast-furnace slag ce-
chaser of the precast reinforced concrete box 3.1 Definitions-For definitions of terms ment only.
sections specified herein is cautioned that he relating to concrete pipe, see M 262.
must properly correlate the loading conditions
6.2.3.3 Portland pozzolan cement only.
and the field requirements with the box section 6.2.3.4 A combination of portland ce-
specified and provide for inspection at the 4. TYPES ment and fly ash wherein the proportion
construction site. of fly ash is between 5 and 25 percent by
NOTE 2-AASHTO M 273 is to be used for weight of total cementitious materials
box sections with less than 2 ft of cover sub-
4.1 Precast reinforced concrete box (portland cement plus fly ash).
jected to highway loading. sections manufactured in accordance with
6.3 Aggregates-Aggregates shall con-
this specification shall be of three types
form to AASHTO M 6 and M 80, except
identified in Tables 1, 2, and 3. and shall
that the requirements for gradation shall
2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS be designated by type, span. rise, and
not apply.
design earth cover.
6.4 Admixtures and Blends-Admixtures
2.1 AASHTO Standards: and blends may be used with the ap-
M6 Fine Aggregate for Portland 5. BASIS OF ACCEPTANCE proval of the purchaser.
Cement Concrete 6.5 Steel Reinforcement-Reinforcement
M 32 Cold-Drawn Steel Wire for 5.1 Acceptability of the box sections shall consist of welded wire fabric con-
Concrete Reinforcement produced in accordance with Section 7 forming to Specifications M 55 or M 221.
M 55 Welded Steel Wire Fabric for shall be determined by the results of the
Concrete Reinforcement concrete compressive strength tests de-
7. DESIGN
scribed in Section 10, by the material
M 80 Coarse Aggregate for Port- requirements described in Section 6, and
land Cement Concrete by inspection of the finished box sec- 7.1 Design Tables-The box section di-
M 85 Portland Cement tions. mensions, compressive strength of the
M 148 Liquid Membrane Forming 5.2 Box sections shall be considered concrete, and reinforcement details shall
Compounds for Curing Con- ready for acceptance when they conform be as prescribed in Tables 1, 2, or 3 and
crete to the requirements of this specification. Figures 1, 2, and 3, subject to the provi-
sions of Section 11. Table 1 sections are
M 154 Air-Entraining Admixtures
designed for combined earth dead load
for Concrete 6. MATERIALS and AASHTO HS 20 live load condi-
M 221 Welded Deformed Steel Wire tions. Table 2 sections are designed for
Fabric for Concrete Rein- combined earth dead load and Interstate
forcement 6.1 Reinforced Concrete-The reinforced
concrete shall consist of cementitious live load conditions when the Interstate
materials, mineral aggregates, and water live loading exceeds the HS 20 live load-
1
Standard designs and criteria used to develop in which steel has been embedded in such ing. Table 3 sections are designed for
designs included in this specification are under the a manner that the steel and concrete act earth dead load conditions only. Criteria
jurisdiction of the AASHTO Subcommittee on together. used to develop Tables 1, 2, and 3 are
Bridges and Structures.
401
M 259 SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS

given in Appendix XI. For modifications

to the designs shown in Tables 1, 2, and
3 due to anticipated earth and surcharge
loads different from those used to de-
velop the tables, see Appendix X2.
7.2 Modified and Special Designs-The
manufacturer may request approval by
the purchaser of modified designs which
differ from the designs in Section 7; or
special designs for sizes and loads other
than those shown in Tables 1, 2, and 3.
NOTE 3-The tabular designs in this specifica-
tion were prepared according to AASHTO
Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges,
1973 Edition. The current Specifications for
Highway Bridges allows concrete shear stress
criteria that differs from the 1973 criteria. The
use of current AASHTO concrete shear stress
criteria shall be acceptable by this specifica-
tion for modified or special designs.

7.3 Placement of Reinforcement-The

cover of concrete over the circumferen-
tial reinforcement shall be 1 in., subject
to the provisions of Section 11. The
inside circumferential reinforcement
shall extend into the male portion of the
joint and the outside circumferential
reinforcement shall extend into the fe-
male portion of the joint. The clear dis-
tance of the end circumferential wires
shall be not less than ½, in. nor more
than 2 in. from the ends of the box sec-
tion. Reinforcement shall be assembled
utilizing any combination of single or
multiple layers of welded-wire fabric. A
common reinforcement unit may be
utilized for both AS2 (or AS3) and AS4,
with the largest area requirement govern-
ing, bending the reinforcement 90 de-
grees at the comers and waiving the
extension requirements of Figure 3. See
Figure 3A. The welded-wire fabric shall
be composed of circumferential and
longitudinal wires meeting the spacing
requirements of Section 7.4 and shall
contain sufficient longitudinal wires
extending through the box section to
maintain the shape and position of rein-
forcement. The exposure of the ends of
longitudinals, stirrups, and spacers used
to position the reinforcement shall not be
a cause for rejection.
7.4 Laps, Welds, and Spacing-Splices in
the circumferential reinforcement shall
be made by lapping. The overlap meas-
ured between the outermost longitudinal
wires of each fabric sheet shall not be
less than the spacing of the longitudinal
wires plus 2 in. If AS1, is extended and
connected, welded splices shall be al-
lowed in the connection. AS4 may be
lapped and welded at any location or
connected by welding at the corners to
AS2 and AS3. The spacing center to center
of the circumferential wires shall not be
less than 2 in. nor more than 4 in. The
spacing center to center of the longitudi-
nal wires shall not be more than 8 in.
402
M 259 SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS

8. JOINTS 9.3 Forms-The forms used in manufac- pressive strength of the concrete in that
ture shall be sufficiently rigid and accu- group of box sections is acceptable.
rate to maintain the box section dimen- 10.2.3.2 When the compressive
8.1 The precast reinforced concrete box sions within the permissible variations
sections shall be produced with male and strength of the cylinders tested does not
given in Section 11. All casting surfaces conform to the acceptance criteria stated
female ends. The ends shall be of such shall be of smooth nonporous material.
design and the ends of the box sections so in 10.2.3.1, the acceptability of the lot
formed that the sections can be laid to- 9.4 Handling-Handling devices or holes shall be determined in accordance with
gether to make a continuous line of box shall be permitted in each box section for the provisions of Section 10.3.
sections compatible with the permissible the purpose of handling and laying. 10.3 Compression Testing of Cores:
variations given in Section 11. 10.3.1 Cores shall be obtained and tested
8.2 Outer cage circumferential rein- 10. PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS for compressive strength in accordance
forcement as shown in Figures 1 and 2 with the provisions of AASHTO T 280.
shall be placed in the top and bottom 10.3.2 One core shall be cut from a
slabs at the female portion of the joint 10.1 Type of Test Specimen-
Compression tests for determining con- section selected at random from each
when AS1 is not continuous over the span. group of 15 box sections or fraction
The minimum area of such reinforcement crete compressive strength may be made
on either standard rodded concrete cylin- thereof of a single size from each con-
in square inches per linear foot of box tinuous production run.
section length shall be the same as the ders or concrete cylinders compacted and
areas specified for AS4 in Tables 1, 2, and cured in like manner as the box sections, 10.3.3 Acceptability by Core Tests:
3. or on cores drilled from the box section. 10.3.3.1 When the average compres-
10.2 Compression Testing of Cylin- sive strength of all cylinders tested is
ders: equal to or greater than the design con-
9. MANUFACTURE crete strength, and not more than 10
10.2.1 Cylinders shall be obtained and
tested for compressive strength in accor- percent of the cylinders tested have a
9.1 Mixture-The aggregates shall be dance with the provisions of T 22 and T compressive strength less than the design
sized, graded, proportioned, and mixed 23, except that the cylinders may be concrete strength, and no cylinder tested
with such proportions of cementitious prepared by methods comparable to those has a compressive strength less than 80
materials and water as will produce a used to consolidate and cure the concrete percent of the design concrete strength.
homogeneous concrete mixture of such in the actual box section manufactured. then the lot shall be accepted.
quality that the pipe will conform to the Cylindrical specimens of sizes other than 10.3.3.2 The compressive strength of
test and design requirements of this 6 in. by 12 in. may be used provided all the concrete in each group of box sec-
specification. All concrete shall have a other requirements of T 23 are met. If the tions defined in Section 10.1 is accept-
water-cementitious materials ratio not concrete is of a consistency too stiff for able when the core test strengths are
exceeding 0.53 by weight. Cementitious compaction by rodding or internal vibra- equal to or greater than the design con-
materials shall be as specified in Section tion, the following alternative method crete strength.
6.2 and shall be added to the mix in a may be used: Bolt a mold to the top of a 10.3.3.3 When the compressive
proportion not less than 470 lb/yd3 unless vibrating table or to the actual form being strength of any recore is less than the
mix designs with a lower cementitious used for manufacture. External vibration design concrete strength, the box section
materials content demonstrate that the shall be applied with a frequency of at from which that core was taken shall be
quality and performance of the pipe meet least 800 vibrations per minute. Place rejected. Two box sections from the
the requirements of this specification. concrete in three equal lifts within the remainder of the group shall be selected
9.2 Curing-The box sections shall be cylinder. During vibration, place a cylin- at random and one core shall be taken
cured for a sufficient length of time so drical hammer on the surface of each lift from each. If the compressive strength of
that the concrete will develop the speci- with the hammer to be ¼ inch less in both cores is equal to or greater than the
fied compressive strength in 28 days or diameter than the inside diameter of the design concrete strength, the compressive
less. Any one of the following methods mold and of a weight to create a pressure strength of the remainder of that group of
of curing or combinations thereof may be of 0.353 psi on the surface of the con- box sections is acceptable. If the com-
used: crete. Continue vibration until cement pressive strength of either of the two
paste begins to ooze up around the bot- cores tested is less than the design con-
9.2.1 Steam Curing-The box sections tom edge of the hammer. Repeat this
may be low pressure, steam-cured by a crete strength, the remainder of the group
procedure until the mold is filled. Cylin- of box sections shall be rejected or, at the
system that will maintain a moist atmos- ders shall be exposed to the same curing
phere. option of the manufacturer, each box
conditions as the manufactured box section of the remainder of the group
9.2.2 Water Curing-The box sections sections and shall remain with the sec- shall be cored and accepted individually,
may be water-cured by any method that tions until tested. and any of these box sections that have
will keep the sections moist. 10.2.2 Prepare not less than five test cores with less than the design concrete
9.2.3 Membrane Curing-A sealing cylinders from each day's production of strength shall be rejected.
membrane conforming to the require- the lot of box sections. 10.4 Plugging Core Holes-The core
ments of AASHTO M 148 may be ap- 10.2.3 Acceptability on the basis of holes shall be plugged and sealed by the
plied and shall be left intact until the cylinder test results: manufacturer in a manner such that the
required concrete compressive strength is box section will meet all of the test re-
attained. The concrete temperature at the 10.2.3.1 When the compressive
strength of the core tested is less than the quirements of this specification. Box
time of application shall be within 10°F sections so sealed shall be considered as
of the atmospheric temperature. All design concrete strength, the box section
from which that core was taken may be satisfactory for use.
surfaces shall be kept moist prior to the
application of the compounds and shall recored. When the compressive strength 10.5 Test Equipment-Every manufac-
be damp when the compound is applied. of the recore is equal to or greater than turer furnishing box sections under this
the design concrete strength, the com- specification shall furnish all facilities
403
M 259 SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS

and personnel necessary to carry out the limitation does not apply at the mating crack that does not exceed the depth of
tests required. surfaces of the joint. the joint.
11.6 Area of Reinforcement-The areas 14.1.2 Defects that indicate mixing and
11. PERMISSIBLE VARIATIONS of steel reinforcement shall be the design molding, not in compliance with Section
steel areas as shown in Tables 1, 2, or 3. 9.1, or honeycombed or open texture that
Steel areas greater than those required would adversely affect the function of the
11.1 Internal Dimensions-The internal shall not be cause for rejection. The box sections.
dimensions shall not vary more than 1 permissible variation in diameter of any 14.1.3 The ends of the box sections are
percent from the design dimensions. The wire in finished fabric shall conform to not normal to the walls and center line of
haunch dimensions shall not vary more the tolerances prescribed for the wire the box section, within the limits of
than ¼ in. from the design dimensions. before fabrication by either AASHTO M variations given in Section 11, except
11.2 Slab and Wall Thickness-The slab 32 or M 225 as applicable. where beveled ends are specified.
and wall thickness shall not be less than 14.1.4 Damaged ends, where such dam-
that shown in the design by more than 5 age would prevent making a satisfactory
12. REPAIRS
percent or 3/16 in., whichever is greater. A joint.
thickness more than that required in the
design shall not be a cause for rejection. 12.1 Box sections may be repaired, if
11.3 Length of Opposite Surfaces- necessary, because of imperfections in 15. MARKING
Variations in laying lengths of two oppo- manufacture or handling damage and will
site surfaces of the box section shall not be acceptable if, in the opinion of the 15.1 The following information shall
be more than ⅛ in./ft of internal span, purchaser, the repaired box section con- be clearly marked on each box section by
with a maximum of ⅝ in. for all sizes forms to the requirements of this specifi- indentation, waterproof paint, or other
through 7-ft internal span, and a maxi- cation. approved means.
mum of ¾ in. for internal spans greater 15.1.1 Box section span, rise, table
than 7 ft, except where beveled ends for 13. INSPECTION number, maximum and minimum design
laying on curves are specified by the earth cover, and specification designa-
purchaser. 13.1 The quality of materials, the tion,
11.4 Length of Section-The underrun process of manufacture, and the finished 15.1.2 Date of manufacture,
in length of a section shall not be more box sections shall be subject to inspection 15.1.3 Name or trademark of the manu-
than ⅛ in./ft of length with a maximum by the purchaser. facturer, and
of ½ in. in any box section.
15.1.4 Each section shall be clearly
11.5 Position of Reinforcement-The 14. REJECTION marked by indentation on either the
maximum variation in the position of the inneror outer surface during the process
reinforcement for 5 in. or less slab and of manufacture so that the location of the
wall thicknesses shall be ± ⅜ in., and for 14.1 Box sections shall be subject to
rejection on account of failure to conform top will be evident immediately after the
greater than 5 in. slab and wall thick- forms are stripped. In addition, the word
nesses shall be ± ½ in. In no case, how- to any of the specification requirements.
Individual box sections may be rejected "top" shall be lettered with waterproof
ever, shall the cover over the reinforce- paint on the inside top surface.
ment be less than ⅝ in., as measured to because of any of the following:
the internal surface or the external sur- 14.1.1 Fractures or cracks passing
face. The preceding minimum cover through the wall, except for a single end

TABLE 1 Design Requirements for Precast Concrete Box Sections Under Earth Dead and HS 20 Live Load ConditionsA
NOTE 1-Design earth covers and reinforcement areas are based on the weight of a column of earth over the width of the box section as defined in Appendix XI. See
Appendix X2 for modifications to reinforcement areas for other earth load conditions.
NOTE 2-Concrete Design Strength, 5000 psi.
Design Earth Circumferential Reinforcement AreasB Design Earth M, Min in. Circumferential Reinforcement AreasB
M, Min in.
Cover, ftA AS1 AS2 AS3 AS4 AS1 AS2 AS3 AS4
3 ft by 2 ft by 4 in.C 12 17 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.12D
2 17 0.19 0.20 0.21 0.10D 14 17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.12D
3 15 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.10D 16 17 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.12D
4 to 8 15 0.10D 0.10D 0.10° 0.10D 18 17 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.12D
10 15 0.10D 0.11 0.11 0.10D 4 ft by 3 ft by 5 in.C
12 14 0.10D 0.13 0.13 0.10D 2 22 0.21 0.27 0.24 0.12D
14 14 0.11 0.14 0.14 0.10D 3 19 0.13 0.16 0.16 0.12D
16 14 0.12 0.16 0.16 0.10D 4 18 0.12D 0.13 0.13 0.12D
18 14 0.13 0.17 0.18 0.10D 5 18 0.12D 0.12D 0.13 0.12D
20 14 0.14 0.19 0.19 0.10D 6 17 0.12D 0.12D 0.13 0.12D
3 ft by 3 ft by 4 in.C 8 17 0.12D 0.14 0.14 0.12D
2 27 0.15 0.24 0.25 0.10° 10 17 0.12D 0.15 0.16 0.12D
3 20 0.10D 0.13 0.14 0.10° 12 17 0.12D 0.17 0.18 0.12D
4 to 6 17 0.10D 0.10D 0.10D 0.10D 14 17 0.13 0.20 0.20 0.12D
8 15 0.10D 0.11 0.11 0.10D 16 17 0.15 0.22 0.22 0.12D
10 15 0.10D 0.12 0.13 0.10D 18 17 0.16 0.24 0.24 0.12D
12 15 0.10D 0.14 0.14 0.10D 4 ft by 4 ft by 5 in.C
14 15 0.10D 0.15 0.16 0.10D 2 34 0.18 0.30 0.28 0.12D
16 15 0.10D 0.17 0.18 0.10D 3 24 0.12D 0.18 0.18 0.12D
18 15 0.10 D
0.19 0.19 0.10 D
4 21 0.12D 0.14 0.15 0.12D
20 15 0.11 0.21 0.21 0.10D 5 20 0.12D 0.13 0.14 0.12D
4 ft by 2ft by 5in.C 6 19 0.12D 0.14 0.14 0.12D
2 19 0.26 0.22 0.20 0.12D 8 18 0.12D 0.15 0.15 0.12D
3 18 0.15 0.13 0.13 0.12D 10 18 0.12D 0.16 0.17 0.12D
4 to 8 18 0.12D 0.12D 0.12D 0.12D 12 18 0.12D 0.19 0.19 0.12D
10 17 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.12D 14 18 0.12D 0.21 0.21 0.12D

404
M 259 SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS

Design Earth Circumferential Reinforcement AreasB Design Earth M, Min in. Circumferential Reinforcement AreasB
M, Min in.
Cover, ftA AS1 AS2 AS3 AS4 AS1 AS2 AS3 AS4
16 18 0.12D 0.23 0.24 0.12D 4 27 0.19D 0.20 0.20 0.19D
18 17 0.14 0.25 0.26 0.12D 5 26 0.19 D
0.20 0.21 0.19D
5 ft by 3 ft by 6 in.C 6 26 0.19D 0.20 0.21 0.19D
2 23 0.26 0.28 0.23 0.14D 8 26 0.20 0.22 0.23 0.19D
3 21 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.14D 10 25 0.23 0.25 0.26 0.19D
4 21 0.14D 0.15 0.15 0.14D 12 25 0.25 0.29 0.29 0.19D
5 20 0.14D 0.14D 0.15 0.14D 14 25 0.28 0.32 0.33 0.19D
6 20 0.14D 0.15 0.15 0.14D 16 25 0.31 0.36 0.36 0.19D
8 20 0.14D 0.16 0.16 0.14D 18 25 0.34 0.39 0.40 0.19D
10 20 0.15 0.18 0.19 0.14D 7 ft by 5 ft by 8 in.C
12 20 0.17 0.20 0.21 0.14D 2 32 0.27 0.37 0.28 0.19D
14 20 0.19 0.23 0.23 0.14D 3 28 0.19D 0.26 0.23 0.19D
16 19 0.21 0.26 0.26 0.14D 4 to 6 27 0.19D 0.22 0.23 0.19D
18 19 0.23 0.28 0.29 0.14D 8 26 0.19D 0.24 0.25 0.19D
5 ft by 4 ft by 6 in.C 10 25 0.20 0.27 0.29 0.19D
2 28 0.23 0.32 0.27 0.14D 12 25 0.22 0.31 0.32 0.19D
3 23 0.15 0.20 0.21 0.14D 14 25 0.25 0.35 0.36 0.19D
4 to 6 22 0.14D 0.16 0.17 0.14D 16 25 0.27 0.38 0.40 0.19D
8 20 0.14D 0.17 0.18 0.14D 18 25 0.30 0.42 0.43 0.19D
10 20 0.14D 0.20 0.2! 0.14D 7 ft by 6 ft by 8 in.C
12 20 0.14D 0.22 0.23 0.14D 2 38 0.24 0.39 0.31 0.19D
14 20 0.16 0.25 0.26 0.14D 3 31 0.19D 0.27 0.26 0.19D
16 19 0.18 0.28 0.29 0.14D 4 29 0.19D 0.24 0.25 0.19D
18 19 0.20 0.31 0.31 0.14D 5 28 0.19D 0.23 0.25 0.19D
5 ft by 5 ft by 6 in.C 6 27 0.19D 0.24 0.25 0.19D
2 41 0.20 0.35 0.29 0.14D 8 26 0.19D 0.26 0.27 0.19D
3 29 0.14D 0.22 0.23 0.14D 10 26 0.19D 0.29 0.30 0.19D
4 25 0.14D 0.18 0.19 0.14D 12 26 0.20 0.33 0.34 0.19D
5 24 0.14D 0.17 0.18 0.14D 14 25 0.22 0.36 0.38 0.19D
6 22 0.14D 0.17 0.18 0.14D 16 25 0.25 0.40 0.42 0.19D
8 22 0.14D 0.18 0.19 0.14D 18 25 0.27 0.44 0.46 0.19D
10 21 0.14D 0.21 0.22 0.14D 7 ft by 7 ft by 8in.C
12 21 0.14D 0.23 0.24 0.14D 2 55 0.22 0.42 0.33 0.19D
14 21 0.14D 0.26 0.27 0.14D 3 38 0.19D 0.29 0.27 0.19D
16 21 0.16 0.29 0.30 0.14D 4 to 6 33 0.19D 0.25 0.27 0.19D
18 20 0.17 0.32 0.33 0.14D 8 28 0.19D 0.27 0.29 0.19D
6 ft by 3 ft by 7 in.C 10 27 0.19D 0.30 0.32 0.19D
2 29 0.30 0.29 0.22 0.17D 12 27 0.19D 0.34 0.36 0.19D
3 24 0.21 0.19 0.18 0.17D 14 27 0.21 0.37 0.39 0.19D
4 24 0.18 0.17D 0.17D 0.17D 16 27 0.23 0.41 0.43 0.19D
5 24 0.17D 0.17D 0.17D 0.17D 8 ft by 4 ft by 8 in.C
6 23 0.17D 0.17D 0.17D 0.17D 2 34 0.37 0.40 0.29 0.19D
8 23 0.17D 0.18 0.18 0.17D 3 31 0.27 0.28 0.24 0.19D
10 23 0.20 0.20 0.21 0.17D 4 28 0.25 0.25 0.24 0.19D
12 23 0.23 0.23 0.24 0.17D 5 28 0.26 0.25 0.26 0.19D
14 23 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.17D 6 28 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.19D
16 23 0.28 0.29 0.29 0.17D 8 27 0.28 0.28 0.29 0.19D
18 23 0.31 0.32 0.32 0.17D 10 27 0.32 0.32 0.33 0.19D
6 ft by 4 ft by 7 in.C 12 27 0.36 0.36 0.37 0.19D
2 28 0.26 0.33 0.26 0.17D 14 27 0.40 0.41 0.42 0.19D
3 25 0.18 0.22 0.21 0.17D 8 ft by 5 ft by 8 in.C
4 24 0.17D 0.19 0.19 0.17D 2 35 0.34 0.43 0.32 0.19D
5 23 0.17D 0.18 0.19 0.17D 3 31 0.25 0.31 0.27 0.19D
6 23 0.17D 0.18 0.19 0.17D 4 28 0.23 0.27 0.27 0.19D
8 23 0.17D 0.20 0.21 0.17D 5 28 0.24 0.27 0.29 0.19D
10 22 0.18 0.23 0.24 0.17D 6 27 0.24 0.28 0.29 0.19D
12 22 0.20 0.26 0.26 0.17D 8 27 0.26 0.30 0.32 0.19D
14 22 0.22 0.29 0.30 0.17D 10 27 0.29 0.35 0.36 0.19D
16 22 0.24 0.32 0.33 0.17D 12 27 0.32 0.39 0.41 0.19D
18 22 0.27 0.35 0.36 0.17D 8 ft by 6 ft by 8 in.C
6 ft by 5 ft by 7 in.C 2 36 0.31 0.46 0.35 0.19D
2 33 0.24 0.36 0.29 0.17D 3 31 0.23 0.33 0.29 0.19D
3 27 0.17D 0.24 0.23 0.17D 4 30 0.22 0.29 0.29 0.19D
4 to 6 25 0.17D 0.20 0.21 0.17D 5 29 0.23 0.29 0.31 0.19D
8 23 0.17D 0.21 0.22 0.17D 6 28 0.22 0.30 0.31 0.19D
10 23 0.17D 0.24 0.25 0.17D 8 27 0.24 0.32 0.34 0.19D
12 23 0.17D 0.27 0.29 0.17D 10 27 0.27 0.37 0.39 0.19D
14 23 0.19 0.31 0.32 0.17D 12 27 0.30 0.42 0.43 0.19D
16 22 0.21 0.34 0.35 0.17D 8 ft by 7 ft by 8in.C
18 22 0.23 0.37 0.39 0.17D 2 41 0.28 0.49 0.38 0.19D
6 ft by 6 ft by 7 in.C 3 35 0.22 0.35 0.32 0.19D
2 48 0.22 0.39 0.31 0.17D 4 32 0.20 0.31 0.31 0.19D
3 33 0.17D 0.26 0.25 0.17D 5 31 0.21 0.31 0.33 0.19D
4 29 0.17D 0.22 0.23 0.17D 6 30 0.21 0.31 0.34 0.19D
5 27 0.17D 0.21 0.22 0.17D 8 29 0.22 0.34 0.36 0.19D
6 26 0.17D 0.21 0.22 0.17D 10 28 0.25 0.38 0.41 0.19D
8 25 0.17D 0.22 0.24 0.17D 12 28 0.28 0.43 0.46 0.19D
10 24 0.17D 0.25 0.27 0.17D 8 ft by 8 ft by 8 in.C
12 24 0.17D 0.28 0.30 0.17D 2 61 0.26 0.51 0.40 0.19"
14 24 0.17D 0.32 0.33 0.17D 3 41 0.20 0.37 0.34 0.19D
16 24 0.19 0.35 0.37 0.17D 4 36 0.19 D
0.32 0.33 0.19D
18 23 0.21 0.38 0.40 0.17D 5 34 0.20 0.32 0.35 0.19D
7 ft by 4 ft by 8 in.C 6 32 0.20 0.33 0.36 0.19D
2 32 0.30 0.34 0.25 0.19D 8 31 0.21 0.35 0.38 0.19D
3 27 0.21 0.23 0.21 0.19D 10 30 0.23 0.40 0.43 0.19D

405
M 259 SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS

Design Earth Circumferential Reinforcement AreasB Design Earth M, Min in. Circumferential Reinforcement AreasB
M, Min in.
Cover, ftA AS1 AS2 AS3 AS4 AS1 AS2 AS3 AS4
12 29 0.26 0.44 0.48 0.19D 10 ft by 9 ft by 10 in.C
9 ft by 5 ft by 9 in.C 2 51 0.29 0.54 0.42 0.24D
2 38 0.36 0.43 0.31 0.22D 3 44 0.24D 0.41 0.37 0.24D
3 34 0.28 0.32 0.27 0.22D 4 40 0.24D 0.37 0.37 0.24D
4 31 0.26 0.28 0.27 0.22D 5 38 0.25 0.38 0.40 0.24D
5 31 0.28 0.29 0.29 0.22D 6 37 0.26 0.40 0.43 0.24D
6 30 0.29 0.30 0.31 0.22" 8 36 0.28 0.43 0.46 0.24D
8 30 0.30 0.32 0.34 0.22D 10 35 0.31 0.48 0.52 0.24D
10 30 0.34 0.37 0.39 0.22D 12 34 0.34 0.54 0.58 0.24D
12 30 0.38 0.42 0.43 0.22D 10 ft by 10 ft by 10 in.C
14 29 0.43 0.47 0.48 0.22D 2 75 0.29 0.56 0.44 0.24D
9 ft by 6 ft by 9 in.C 3 50 0.24D 0.43 0.39 0.24D
2 38 0.33 0.46 0.34 0.22D 4 45 0.24D 0.39 0.39 0.24D
3 34 0.26 0.34 0.29 0.22D 5 42 0.24D 0.40 0.42 0.24D
4 32 0.24 0.31 0.29 0.22D 6 40 0.25 0.41 0.45 0.24D
5 31 0.26 0.31 0.32 0.22D 8 38 0.27 0.44 0.48 0.24D
6 30 0.27 0.32 0.34 0.22D 10 37 0.30 0.50 0.54 0.24D
8 30 0.28 0.35 0.37 0.22D 12 36 0.33 0.55 0.60 0.24D
10 30 0.31 0.40 0.41 0.22D 11 ft by 4 ft by 11 in.C
12 29 0.35 0.45 0.47 0.22D 2 45 0.44 0.40 0.27 0.26D
9 ft by 7 ft by 9 in.C 3 43 0.35 0.30 0.26D 0.26D
2 41 0.30 0.49 0.37 0.22D 4 42 0.35 0.28 0.26D 0.26D
3 36 0.24 0.36 0.32 0.22D 5 39 0.37 0.29 0.28 0.26D
4 33 0.23 0.32 0.32 0.22D 6 38 0.39 0.30 0.30 0.26D
5 32 0.24 0.33 0.34 0.22D 8 38 0.43 0.33 0.34 0.26D
6 31 0.25 0.34 0.36 0.22D 10 37 0.49 0.38 0.39 0.26D
8 31 0.26 0.37 0.39 0.22D 12 37 0.55 0.43 0.44 0.26D
10 30 0.29 0.42 0.44 0.22D 14 37 0.62 0.48 0.49 0.26D
12 30 0.33 0.47 0.49 0.22D 16 37 0.69 0.53 0.54 0.26D
9 ft by 8 ft by 9 in.C 11 ft by 6 ft by 11 in.C
2 46 0.28 0.51 0.39 0.22D 2 44 0.37 0.46 0.33 0.26D
3 39 0.23 0.38 0.34 0.22D 3 41 0.31 0.35 0.30 0.26D
4 36 0.22D 0.34 0.34 0.22D 4 38 0.30 0.33 0.30 0.26D
5 34 0.23 0.35 0.37 0.22D 5 36 0.32 0.34 0.33 0.26D
6 33 0.24 0.35 0.38 0.22D 6 36 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.26D
8 32 0.25 0.38 0.41 0.2? 8 36 0.37 0.39 0.41 0.26D
10 31 0.28 0.43 0.46 0.22D 10 35 0.42 0.44 0.46 0.26D
12 31 0.31 0.49 0.52 0.22D 12 35 0.46 0.50 0.52 0.26D
9 ft by 9 ft by 9 in.C 14 35 0.52 0.56 0.58 0.26D
2 68 0.27 0.54 0.42 0.22D 16 35 0.57 0.62 0.64 0.26D
3 45 0.22D 0.40 0.36 0.22D 11 ft by 8 ft by 11 in.C
4 41 0.2? 0.36 0.36 0.22D 2 46 0.33 0.51 0.38 0.26D
5 38 0.22D 0.36 0.39 0.22D 3 41 0.28 0.39 0.34 0.26D
6 36 0.23 0.37 0.40 0.22D 4 39 0.27 0.36 0.35 0.26D
8 34 0.24 0.40 0.43 0.22D 5 37 0.29 0.38 0.38 0.26D
10 33 0.26 0.45 0.48 0.2? 6 37 0.30 0.39 0.41 0.26D
12 33 0.29 0.50 0.54 0.22D 8 36 0.33 0.43 0.46 0.26D
10 ft by 5 ft by 10 in. C 10 36 0.37 0.48 0.51 0.26D
2 41 0.38 0.43 0.31 0.24D 12 35 0.41 0.54 0.57 0.26D
3 38 0.30 0.32 0.27 0.24D 14 35 0.45 0.61 0.64 0.26D
4 35 0.29 0.30 0.28 0.24D 11 ft by 10 ft by 11 in.C
5 34 0.31 0.30 0.30 0.24D 2 56 0.30 0.55 0.43 0.26D
6 33 0.33 0.32 0.33 0.24D 3 48 0.26D 0.42 0.38 0.26D
8 33 0.35 0.35 0.36 0.24D 4 44 0.26D 0.39 0.38 0.26D
10 33 0.40 0.40 0.41 0.24D 5 42 0.26D 0.40 0.42 0.26D
12 33 0.45 0.45 0.46 0.24D 6 40 0.28 0.42 0.45 0.26D
14 33 0.50 0.50 0.51 0.24D 8 39 0.30 0.45 0.49 0.26D
10 ft by 6 ft by 10 in.C 10 38 0.34 0.51 0.55 0.26D
2 41 0.35 0.46 0.34 0.24D 12 37 0.37 0.57 0.62 0.26D
3 37 0.29 0.35 0.30 0.24D 14 37 0.41 0.64 0.68 0.26D
4 34 0.27 0.32 0.30 0.24D 11 ft by 11 ft by 11
5 33 0.29 0.33 0.33 0.24D 2 82 0.30 0.57 0.45 0.26D
6 33 0.31 0.34 0.36 0.24D 3 55 0.26D 0.44 0.40 0.26D
8 33 0.33 0.37 0.39 0.24D 4 48 0.26D 0.41 0.40 0.26D
10 32 0.37 0.42 0.44 0.24D 5 46 0.26D 0.42 0.43 0.26D
12 32 0.41 0.48 0.50 0.24D 6 44 0.27 0.43 0.47 0.26D
14 32 0.46 0.53 0.55 0.24D 8 41 0.29 0.46 0.51 0.26D
10 ft by 7 ft by 10 in.C 10 40 0.33 0.52 0.57 0.26D
2 0.32 0.49 0.36 0.24D 12 39 0.36 0.58 0.63 0.26D
3 38 0.27 0.37 0.32 0.24D 14 39 0.40 0.64 0.70 0.26D
4 35 0.26 0.34 0.32 0.24D 12 ft by 4 ft by 12 in.C
5 34 0.27 0.35 0.35 0.24D 2 50 0.46 0.41 0.29D 0.29D
6 34 0.29 0.36 0.38 0.24D 3 47 0.38 0.31 0.29D 0.29D
8 33 0.31 0.39 0.42 0.24D 4 45 0.38 0.29D 0.29D 0.29D
10 33 0.34 0.45 0.47 0.24D 5 43 0.41 0.30 0.29D 0.29D
12 32 0.38 0.50 0.52 0.24D 6 42 0.43 0.31 0.31 0.29D
10 ft by 8 ft by 10 in.C 8 41 0.49 0.35 0.36 0.29D
2 45 0.31 0.52 0.39 0.24D 10 41 0.55 0.40 0.41 0.29D
3 40 0.26 0.39 0.34 0.24D 12 41 0.62 0.45 0.46 0.29D
4 37 0.25 0.36 0.35 0.24D 14 41 0.70 0.50 0.51 0.29D
5 36 0.26 0.37 0.38 0.24D 16 41 0.78 0.55 0.57 0.29D
6 35 0.27 0.38 0.41 0.24D 12 ft by 6 ft by 12 in.C
8 34 0.29 0.41 0.44 0.24D 2 47 0.39 0.47 0.33 0.29D
10 33 0.32 0.47 0.50 0.24D 3 44 0.33 0.36 0.30 0.29D
12 33 0.36 0.52 0.55 0.24D 4 41 '0.33 0.34 0.31 0.29D

406
M 259 SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS

Design Earth Circumferential Reinforcement AreasB Design Earth M, Min in. Circumferential Reinforcement AreasB
M, Min in.
Cover, ftA AS1 AS2 AS3 AS4 AS1 AS2 AS3 AS4
5 39 0.35 0.35 0.34 0.29D 3 48 0.29D 0.44 0.39 0.29D
6 39 0.38 0.37 0.37 0.29 D
4 44 0.29 D
0.41 0.40 0.29D
8 39 0.42 0.41 0.43 0.29D 5 43 0.29D 0.43 0.43 0.29D
10 39 0.47 0.47 0.49 0.29D 6 42 0.32 0.44 0.47 0.29D
12 38 0.53 0.53 0.55 0.29D 8 40 0.35 0.49 0.53 0.29D
14 38 0.59 0.59 0.61 0.29D 10 40 0.38 0.55 0.59 0.29D
16 38 0.65 0.65 0.67 0.29D 12 39 0.42 0.61 0.66 0.29D
12 ft by 8 ft by 12 in.C 14 39 0.47 0.68 0.73 0.29D
2 48 0.35 0.52 0.38 0.29D 12 ft by 12 ft by 12 in.C
3 44 0.31 0.40 0.35 0.29D 2 89 0.32 0.60 0.48 0.29D
4 41 0.30 0.38 0.36 0.29D 3 60 , 0.29D 0.47 0.43 0.29D
5 40 0.32 0.39 0.39 0.29D 4 53 0.29D 0.44 0.43 0.29D
6 39 0.34 0.41 0.42 0.29D 5 50 0.29D 0.45 0.47 0.29D
8 39 0.38 0.46 0.48 0.29D 6 48 0.29D 0.47 0.50 0.29D
10 38 0.42 0.52 0.55 0.29D 8 45 0.33 0.51 0.57 0.29D
12 38 0.46 0.58 0.61 0.29D 10 44 0.36 0.57 0.63 0.29D
14 38 0.52 0.65 0.68 0.29D 12 43 0.40 0.64 0.70 0.29D
12 ft by 10 ft by 12 in.C 14 42 0.44 0.70 0.77 0.29D
2 55 0.33 0.56 0.43 0.29D
A
The design earth cover indicated is the height of fill above the top of the box section. Design requirements are based on the material and soil properties, loading data and
typical section as included in Appendix X1. For alternative or special designs, see Section 7.2.
B
Design steel area in square inches per linear foot of box section at those locations which are indicated on the typical section included in Appendix Xl.
C
The box section designation, for example, 3 ft by 2 ft by 4 in. indicates (Interior Horizontal Span in feet) by (Interior Vertical Rise in feet) by (Wall and Slab Thickness in
inches).
D
Minimum practical steel area is specified.

TABLE 2 Design Requirements for Precast Concrete Box Section Under Earth Dead and Interstate Live Load ConditionsA
NOTE 1-Design earth covers and reinforcement areas are based on the weight of a column of earth over the width of the box section as defined in Appendix XI. See
Appendix X2 for modifications to reinforcement areas for other earth load conditions.
NOTE 2-Concrete Design Strength 5.000 psi.

Design Earth M, Min Circumferential Reinforcement AreasB Design Earth M, Min Circumferential Reinforcement AreasB
Cover, ftA in. AS1 AS2 AS3 AS4 AS1 AS2 AS3 AS4
3 ft by 2 ft by 4 in.C 14 18 0.12D 0.21 0.21 0.12D
2 17 0.19 0.20 0.21 0.10D 16 18 0.13 0.23 0.29 0.12D
3 15 0.10D 0.11 0.11 0.10D 18 17 0.14 0.26 0.26 0.12D
4 to 8 15 0.10D 0.10D 0.10D 0.10D 5 ft by 3 ft by 6 in.C
10 14 0.10D 0.11 0.12 0.10D 2 23 0.26 0.28 0.24 0.14D
12 14 0.10D 0.13 0.13 0.10D 3 21 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.14D
14 14 0.10D 0.14 0.14 0.10D 4 21 0.14D 0.15 0.15 0.14D
16 14 0.12 0.16 0.16 0.10D 5 20 0.14D 0.14D 0.15 0.14D
18 14 0.13 0.18 0.18 0.10D 6 20 0.14D 0.15 0.15 0.14D
20 14 0.15 0.19 0.19 0.10D 8 20 0.14D 0.17 0.17 0.14D
3 ft by 3 ft by 4 in.C 10 20 0.16 0.18 0.19 0.14D
2 27 0.15 0.24 0.25 0.10° 12 20 0.17 0.21 0.21 0.14D
3 20 0.10D 0.13 0.14 0.10D 14 20 0.19 0.23 0.23 0.14D
4 to 6 18 0.10 D
0.10 D
0.11 0.10D 16 19 0.22 0.26 0.26 0.14D
8 15 0.10D 0.11 0.12 0.10D 18 19 0.24 0.29 0.29 0.14D
10 15 0.10D 0.13 0.13 0.10D 5 ft by 4 ft by 6 in.C
12 15 0.10D 0.14 0.14 0.10D 2 28 0.23 0.32 . 0.27 0.14D
14 15 0.10D 0.15 0.16 0.10D 3 23 0.15 0.20 0.21 0.14D
16 15 0.10D 0.17 0.18 0.10D 4 22 0.14D 0.16 0.17 0.14D
18 15 0.10D 0.19 0.20 0.10D 5 21 0.14D 0.16 0.17 0.14D
20 15 0.11 0.21 0.21 0.10D 6 21 0.14D 0.17 0.17 0.14D
4 ft by 2 ft by 5 in.C 8 20 0.14D 0.18 0.19 0.14D
2 19 0.26 0.22 0.20 0.12D 10 20 0.14D 0.20 0.21 0.14D
3 18 0.15 0.13 0.13 0.12D 12 20 0.15 0.23 0.23 0.14D
4 to 6 18 0.12D 0.12D 0.12D 0.12D 14 20 0.16 0.25 0.26 0.14D
8 17 0.13 0.12D 0.12D 0.12D 16 19 0.18 0.28 0.29 0.14D
10 17 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.12D 18 19 0.20 0.31 0.32 0.14D
12 17 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.12D 5 ft by 5 ft by 6 in.C
14 17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.12D 2 41 0.20 0.35 0.30 0.14D
16 17 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.12D 3 29 0.14D 0.22 0.23 0.14D
18 17 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.12D 4 25 0.14D 0.18 0.19 0.14D
4 ft by 3 ft by 5 in.C 5 24 0.14D 0.17 0.18 0.14D
2 22 0.21 0.27 0.24 0.12D 6 22 0.14D 0.18 0.19 0.14D
3 19 0.13 0.16 0.16 0.12D 8 22 0.14D 0.19 0.20 0.14D
4 18 0.12D 0.13 0.13 0.12D 10 21 0.14D 0.21 0.22 0.14D
5 18 0.12D 0.12D 0.13 0.12D 12 21 0.14D 0.24 0.25 0.14D
6 17 0.12D 0.13 0.13 0.12D 14 21 0.14D 0.26 0.27 0.14D
8 17 0.12D 0.14 0.15 0.12D 16 21 0.16 0.29 0.31 0.14D
10 17 0.12D 0.16 0.16 0.12D 18 20 0.18 0.32 0.33 0.14D
12 17 0.12D 0.18 0.18 0.12D 6 ft by 3 ft by 7 in.C
14 17 0.13 0.20 0.20 0.12D 2 29 0.31 0.29 0.27 0.17D
16 17 0.15 0.22 0.23 0.12D 3 24 0.21 0.19 0.18 0.17D
18 17 0.16 0.24 0.25 0.12D 4 24 0.18 0.17D 0.17D 0.17D
4 ft by 4 ft by 5 in.C 5 24 0.17D 0.17D 0.17D 0.17D
2 34 0.18 0.30 0.28 0.12D 6 23 0.18 0.17D 0.17D 0.17D
3 24 0.12D 0.18 0.18 0.12D 8 23 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.17D
4 21 0.12D 0.14 0.15 0.12D 10 23 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.17D
5 20 0.12D 0.14 0.14 0.12D 12 23 0.23 0.23 0.24 0.17D
6 19 0.12D 0.14 0.15 0.12D 14 23 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.17D
8 18 0.12D 0.15 0.16 0.12D 16 23 0.29 0.29 0.30 0.17D
10 18 0.12D 0.17 0.18 0.12D 18 23 0.32 0.32 0.33 0.17D
12 18 0.12D 0.19 0.19 0.12D 6 ft by 4 ft by 7 in.C

407
M 259 SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS

Design Earth M, Min Circumferential Reinforcement AreasB Design Earth M, Min Circumferential Reinforcement AreasB
Cover, ftA in. AS1 AS2 AS3 AS4 AS1 AS2 AS3 AS4
2 28 0.27 0.33 0.31 0.17D 5 28 0.27 0.25 0.26 0.19D
3 25 0.18 0.22 0.21 0.17D 6 28 0.27 0.26 0.27 0.19D
4 24 0.17D 0.19 0.19 0.17D 8 27 0.30 0.29 0.30 0.19D
5 23 0.17D 0.18 0.19 0.17D 10 27 0.33 0.33 0.34 0.19D
6 23 0.17D 0.19 0.20 0.17D 12 27 0.36 0.36 0.37 0.19D
8 23 0.17D 0.21 0.22 0.17D 8 ft by 5 ft by 8 in.C
10 22 0.18 0.23 0.24 D.17D 2 35 0.38 0.43 0.42 0.19D
12 22 0.20 0.26 0.27 D.I7D 3 31 0.29 0.31 0.32 0.19D
14 22 0.22- 0.29 0.30 D.17D 4 28 0.25 0.27 0.28 0.19D
16 22 0.25 0.32 0.33 D.17D 5 28 0.25 0.28 0.29 0.19D
18 22 0.27 0.36 0.37 D.17D 6 27 0.25 0.29 0.30 0.19D
6 ft by 5 ft by 7 in.C 8 27 0.27 0.32 0.33 0.19D
2 33 0.25 0.36 034 0.17D 10 27 0.30 0.35 0.37 0.19D
3 27 0.17D 0.24 0.23 0.17D 12 27 0.33 0.40 0.41 0.19D
4 25 0.17D 0.20 0.21 0.17D 8 ft by 6 ft by 8 in.C
5 24 0.17D 0.20 0.21 0.17D 2 36 0.35 0.47 0.46 0.19D
6 24 0.17D 0.21 0.22 0.17D 3 31 0.27 0.33 0.35 0.19D
8 23 0.17D 0.22 0.23 0.17D 4 30 0.23 0.29 0.31 0.19D
10 23 0.17D 0.25 0.26 0.17D 5 29 0.23 0.30 0.31 0.19D
12 23 0.18 0.28 0.29 0.17D 6 28 0.23 0.31 0.32 0.19D
14 23 0.19 0.31 0.32 0.17D 8 27 0.25 0.34 0.35 0.19D
16 22 0.22 0.34 0.36 0.17D 10 27 0.27 0.38 0.39 0.19D
18 22 0.24 0.38 0.39 0.17D 12 27 0.30 0.42 0.44 0.19D
6 ft by 6 ft by 7 in.C 8 ft by 7 ft by 8 in.C
2 48 0.23 0.39 0.37 0.17D 2 41 0.33 0.50 0.49 0.19D
3 33 0.17D 0.26 0.26 0.17D 3 35 0.25 0.35 0.38 0.19D
4 29 0.17D 0.22 0.23 0.17D 4 32 0.22 0.31 0.33 0.19D
5 27 0.17D 0.21 0.23 0.17D 5 31 0.22 0.31 0.34 0.19D
6 26 0.17D 0.22 0.23 0.17D 6 30 - 0.22 0.32 0.35 0.19D
8 25 0.17D 0.23 0.25 0.17D 8 29 0.23 0.35 0.38 0.19D
10 24 0.17D 0.26 0.27 0.17D 10 28 0.25 0.39 0.42 0.19D
12 24 0.17D 0.29 0.30 0.17D 12 28 0.28 0.44 0.46 0.19D
14 24 0.17D 0.32 0.33 0.17D 8 ft by 8 ft by 8 in.C
16 24 0.20 0.36 0.37 0.17D 2 61 0.31 0.53 0.52 0.19D
18 23 0.21 0.39 0.41 0.17D 3 41 0.24 0.37 0.40 0.19D
7 ft by 4 ft by 8 in.C 4 36 0.21 0.33 0.35 0.19D
2 32 0.34 0.34 0.33 0.19D 5 34 0.20 0.33 0.36 0.19D
3 27 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.19D 6 32 0.21 0.34 0.37 0.19D
4 27 0.20 0.20 0.21 0.19D 8 31 0.22 0.37 0.40 0.19D
5 26 0.20 0.20 0.21 0.19D 10 30 0.24 0.41 0.43 0.19D
6 26 0.20 0.21 0.22 0.19D 12 29 0.26 0.45 0.48 0.19D
8 26 0.21 0.23 0.24 0.19D 9 ft by 5 ft by 9 in.C
10 25 0.23 0.26 0.27 0.19D 2 38 0.43 0.45 0.41 0.22D
12 25 0.25 0.29 0.30 0.19D 3 34 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.22D
14 25 0.28 0.32 0.33 0.19D 4 31 0.29 0.29 0.30 0.22D
16 25 0.32 0.36 0.37 0.19D 5 31 0.29 0.30 0.31 0.22D
18 25 0.35 0.40 0.41 0.19D 6 30 0.30 0.31 0.32 0.22D
7 ft by 5 ft by 8 in.C 8 30 0.32 0.34 0.35 0.22D
2 34 0.31 0.37 0.37 0.19D 10 30 0.35 0.38 0.39 0.22D
3 28 0.21 0.26 0.26 0.19D 12 30 0.39 0.42 0.44 0.22D
4 27 0.19D 0.22 0.23 0.19D 9 ft by 6 ft by 9 in.C
5 26 0.19D 0.22 0.23 0.19D 2 38 0.40 0.48 0.45 0.22D
6 26 0.19D 0.23 0.2. 0.19D 3 34 0.30 0.35 0.36 0.22D
8 26 0.19D 0.25 0.26 0.19D 4 32 0.27 0.31 0.33 0.22D
10 25 0.21 0.28 0.29 0.19D 5 31 0.27 0.32 0.34 0.22D
12 25 0.23 0.31 0.32 0.19D 6 30 0.28 0.33 0.35 0.22D
14 25 0.25 0.35 0.36 0.19D 8 30 0.29 0.36 0.38 0.22D
16 25 0.28 0.39 0.40 0.19D 10 30 0.32 0.40 0.42 0.22D
18 25 0.31 0.43 0.44 0.19D 12 29 0.36 0.45 0.47 0.22D
7 ft by 6 ft by 8 in.C 9 ft by 7 ft by 9 in.C
2 38 0.28 0.39 0.40 0.19D 2 41 0.37 0.52 0.48 0.22D
3 31 0.19D 0.27 0.28 0.19D 3 36 0.29 0.38 0.39 0.22D
4 29 0.19D 0.24 0.25 0.19D 4 33 0.26 0.33 0.36 0.22D
5 28 0.19D 0.24 0.25 0.19D 5 32 0.26 0.34 0.36 0.22D
6 27 0.19D 0.24 0.26 0.19D 6 31 0.26 0.35 0.37 0.22D
8 26 0.19D 0.27 0.28 0.19D 8 31 0.28 0.38 0.41 0.22D
10 26 0.19D 0.30 0.31 0.19D 10 30 0.30 0.42 0.45 0.22D
12 26 0.21 0.33 0.34 0.19D 12 30 0.33 0.47 0.50 0.22D
14 25 0.22 0.36 0.38 0.19D 9 ft by 8 ft by 9 in.C
16 25 0.25 0.41 0.42 0.19D 2 46 0.35 0.54 0.51 0.22D
7 ft by 7 ft by 8 in.C 3 39 0.27 0.40 0.42 0.22D
2 55 0.26 0.42 0.43 0.19D 4 36 0.24 0.35 0.38 0.22D
3 38 0.19D- 0.29 0.30 0.19D 5 34 0.24 0.36 0.38 0.22D
4 33 0.19D 0.25 0.27 0.19D 6 33 0.25 0.37 0.39 0.22D
5 31 0.19D 0.25 0.27 0.19D 8 32 0.26 0.40 0.43 0.22D
6 30 0.19D 0.26 0.28 0.19D 10 31 0.28 0.44 0.47 0.22D
8 28 0.19D 0.28 0.30 0.19D 12 31 0.31 0.49 0.52 0.22D
10 27 0.19D 0.31 0.33 0.19D 9 ft by 9 ft by 9 in.C
12 27 0.19D 0.34 0.36 0.19D 2 68 0.33 0.57 0.55 0.22D
14 27 0.21 0.37 0.40 0.19D 3 45 0.26 0.42 0.44 0.22D
16 27 0.23 0.42 0.44 0.19D 4 41 0.23 0.37 0.40 0.22D
8 ft by 4 ft by 8 in.C 5 38 0.23 0.37 0.40 0.22D
2 34 0.43 0.40 0.38 0.19D 6 36 0.23 0.38 0.42 0.22D
3 31 0.31 0.28 0.29 0.19D 8 34 0.25 0.41 0.45 0.22D
4 28 0.27 0.25 0.26 0.19D 10 33 0.27 0.45 0.49 0.22D

408
M 259 SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS

Design Earth M, Min Circumferential Reinforcement AreasB Design Earth M, Min Circumferential Reinforcement AreasB
Cover, ftA in. AS1 AS2 AS3 AS4 AS1 AS2 AS3 AS4
12 33 0.30 0.50 0.54 0.22D 4 39 0.31 0.39 0.40 0.26D
10 ft by 5 ft by 10 in.C 5 37 0.32 0.40 0.42 0.26D
2 41 0.47 0.46 0.40 0.24D 6 37 0.33 0.41 0.44 0.26D
3 38 0.36 0.34 0.33 0.24D 8 36 0.35 0.45 0.47 0.26D
4 35 0.34 0.31 0.32 0.24 D 10 36 0.38 0.50 0.53 0.26 D

5 34 0.34 0.32 0.33 0.24D 12 35 0.42 0.56 0.59 0.26D

6 33 0.34 0.33 0.34 0.24D 14 35 0.46 0.62 0.65 0.26D
8 33 0.37 0.36 0.37 0.24D 11 ft by 10 ft by 11 in.C
10 33 0.41 0.40 0.42 0.24D 2 56 0.37 0.62 0.55 0.26D
12 33 0.45 0.45 0.46 0.24D 3 48 0.30 0.46 0.46 0.26D
10 ft by 6 ft by 10 in.C 4 44 0.29 0.42 0.45 0.26D
2 41 0.44 0.49 0.44 0.24D 5 42 0.30 0.43 0.47 0.26D
3 37 0.34 0.37 0.36 0.24D 6 40 0.30 0.44 0.48 0.26D
4 34 0.31 0.33 0.35 0.24D 8 39 0.32 0.47 0.52 0.26D
5 33 0.31 0.34 0.36 0.24D 10 38 0.35 0.53 0.57 0.26D
6 33 0.32 0.35 0.37 0.24D 12 37 0.38 0.59 0.63 0.26D
8 33 0.34 0.39 0.41 0.24D 14 37 0.42 0.65 0.70 0.26D
10 32 0.38 0.43 0.45 0.24D 11 ft by 11 ft by 11 in.C
12 32 0.41 0.48 0.50 0.24D 2 82 0.36 0.64 0.58 0.26D
10 ft by 7 ft by 10 in.C 3 55 0.29 0.48 0.48 0.26D
2 42 0.41 0.53 0.4' 0.24D 4 49 0.28 0.43 0.47 0.26D
3 38 0.32 0.39 0.39 0.24D 5 46 0.29 0.44 0.49 0.26D
4 35 0.30 0.36 0.38 0.24D 6 44 0.29 0.45 0.50 0.26D
5 34 0.30 0.36 0.38 0.24D 8 41 0.31 0.49 0.53 0.26D
6 34 0.30 0.37 0.40 0.24D 10 40 0.34 0.54 0.59 0.26D
8 33 0.32 0.41 0.43 0.24D 12 39 0.37 0.60 0.65 0.26D
10 33 0.35 0.46 0.48 0.24D 14 39 0.41 0.66 0.71 0.26D
12 32 0.39 0.51 0.53 0.24D 12 ft by 4 ft by 12 in.C
10 ft by 8 ft by 10 in.C 2 50 0.58 0.44 0.35 0.29D
2 45 0.38 0.56 0.51 0.24D 3 47 0.46 0.33 0.30 0.29D
3 40 0.30 0.41 0.42 0.24D 4 45 0.43 0.31 0.30 0.29D
4 37 0.28 0.38 0.40 0.24D 5 43 0.46 0.32 0.33 0.29D
5 36 0.28 0.38 0.41 0.24D 6 42 0.47 0.33 0.34 0.29D
6 35 0.29 0.39 0.42 0.24D 8 41 0.51 0.36 0.37 0.29D
8 34 0.31 0.43 0.46 0.24D 10 41 0.57 0.41 0.42 0.29D
10 33 0.33 0.48 0.51 0.24D 12 41 0.64 0.46 0.47 0.29D
12 33 0.36 0.53 0.56 0.24D 14 41 0.72 0.51 0.52 0.29D
10 ft by 9 ft by 10 in.C 16 41 0.80 0.56 0.58 0.29D
2 51 0.36 0.59 0.54 0.24D 12 ft by 6 ft by 12 in.C
3 42 0.29 0.44 0.45 0.24D 2 47 0.50 0.51 0.42 0.29D
4 40 0.27 0.39 0.43 0.24D 3 44 0.40 0.39 0.36 0.29D
5 38 0.27 0.40 0.43 0.24D 4 41 0.38 0.36 0.36 0.29D
6 37 0.27 '0.41 0.44 0.24D 5 39 0.40 0.38 0.39 0.29D
8 35 0.29 0.45 0.48 0.24D 6 39 0.41 0.39 0.41 0.29D
10 35 0.32 0.49 0.53 0.24D 8 39 0.44 0.43 0.45 0.29D
12 34 0.35 0.54 0.58 0.24D 10 39 0.49 0.48 0.50 0.29D
10 ft by 10 ft by 10 in.C 12 38 0.55 0.54 0.56 0.29D
2 75 0.35 0.61 0.57 0.24D 14 38 0.61 0.60 0.62 0.29D
3 50 0.28 0.46 0.47 0.24D 12 ft by 8 ft by 12 in.C
4 45 0.26 0.41 0.45 0.24D 2 49 0.45 0.58 0.49 0.29D
5 42 0.26 0.41 0.46 0.24D 3 44 0.36 0.44 0.42 0.29D
6 40 0.26 0.43 0.47 0.24D 4 41 0.34 0.41 0.41 0.29D
8 38 0.28 0.46 0.50 0.24D 5 40 0.36 0.42 0.45 0.29D
10 37 0.30 0.51 0.55 0.24D 6 39 0.37 0.43 0.46 0.29D
12 36 0.33 0.56 0.60 0.24D 8 39 0.39 0.47 0.50 0.29D
11 ft by 4 ft by 11 in.C 10 38 0.44 0.53 0.56 0.29 D

2 45 0.54 0.43 0.35 0.26 D 12 38 0.48 0.60 0.63 0.29 D

3 43 0.43 0.32 0.30 0.26 D 14 38 0.66 0.69 0.69 0.29 D

4 41 0.40 0.29 0.30 0.26 D 12 ft by 10 ft by 12 in.C

5 39 0.41 0.30 0.31 0.26D 2 55 0.41 0.63 0.55 0.29D

6 38 0.42 0.31 0.32 0.26D 3 48 0.33 0.48 0.47 0.29D
8 38 0.45 0.34 0.36 0.26D 4 44 0.32 0.44 0.46 0.29D
10 37 0.51 0.39 0.40 0.26D 5 43 0.34 0.46 0.49 0.29D
12 37 0.57 0.44 0.45 0.26D 6 42 0.34 0.47 0.51 0.29D
14 37 0.64 0.49 0.50 0.26D 8 40 0.36 0.51 0.55 0.29D
16 37 0.71 0.54 0.55 0.26D 10 40 0.40 0.57 0.61 0.29D
11 ft by 6 ft by 11 in.C 12 39 0.44 0.63 0.68 0.29D
2 44 0.46 0.50 0.43 0.26D 14 39 0.48 0.70 0.75 0.29D
3 41 0.37 0.38 0.36 0.26D 12 ft by 12 ft by 12 in.C
4 38 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.26D 2 89 0.38 0.68 0.60 0.29D
5 36 0.36 0.36 0.37 0.26D 3 60 0.31 0.51 0.51 0.29D
6 36 0.36 0.37 0.39 0.26D 4 53 0.30 0.47 0.50 0.29D
8 36 0.39 0.40 0.42 0.26D 5 50 0.32 0.48 0.54 0.29D
10 35 0.43 0.46 0.47 0.26D 6 48 0.32 0.50 0.55 0.29D
12 35 0.48 0.51 0.53 0.26D 8 45 0.34 0.53 0.59 0.29D
14 35 0.53 0.57 0.59 0.26D 10 44 0.37 0.59 0.65 0.29D
11 ft by 8 ft by 11 in.C 12 43 0.41 0.66 0.72 0.29D
2 46 0.41 0.56 0.49 0.26D 14 42 0.45 0.72 0.79 0.29D
3 41 0.33 0.42 0.41 0.26D
A
The design earth cover indicated is the height of fill above the top of the box section. Design requirements are based on the material and soil properties. loading data and
typical section as included in Appendix XI. For alternative or special designs, see Section 7.2.
B
Design steel area in square inches per linear foot of box section at those locations which are indicated on the typical section included in Appendix XI.
C
The top section designation, for example, 3 ft by 2 ft by 2 in. indicates (Interior Horizontal Span in feet) by (Interior Vertical Rise in feet) by (Wall and Slab Thickness in
inches).
D
Minimum practical steel area is specified.
409
M 259 SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS

TABLE 3 Design Requirements for Precast Concrete Box Sections Under Earth Dead Load ConditionsA
NOTE 1—Design earth covers and reinforcement areas are based on the weight of a column of earth over the width of the box section as defined in Appendix X1. See
Appendix X2 for modifications to reinforcement areas for other earth load conditions.
NOTE 2—Concrete Design Strength, 5000 psi.
Design Earth Circumferential Reinforcement AreasB Design Earth M, Min in. Circumferential Reinforcement AreasB
M, Min in.
Cover, ft A AS1 AS2 AS3 AS4 AS1 AS2 AS3 AS4
3 ft by 2 ft by 4 in.C 12 21 0.17D 0.23 0.24 0.17D
0 to 10 14 0.10D 0.10D 0.10D 0.10D 14 21 0.17D 0.26 0.27 0.17D
12 14 0.10D 0.10 0.11 0.10D 16 21 0.18 0.30 0.31 0.17D
14 14 0.10D 0.12 0.12 0.10D 18 21 0.20 0.34 0.35 0.17D
16 14 0.10D 0.14 0.14 0.10D 20 21 0.23 0.37 0.39 0.17D
18 14 0.11 0.16 0.16 0.10D 6 ft by 6 ft by 7 in.C
20 14 0.13 0.17 0.18 0.10D 0 to 6 26 0.17D 0.17D 0.17D 0.17D
22 14 0.14 0.19 0.19 0.10D 8 24 0.17D 0.17D 0.18 0.17D
3 ft by 3 ft by 4 in.C 10 24 0.17D 0.20 0.21 0.17D
0 to 10 15 0.10D 0.10D 0.10D 0.10D 12 24 0.17D 0.23 0.25 0.17D
12 14 0.10D 0.11 0.12 0.10D 14 23 0.17D 0.27 0.29 0.17D
14 14 0.10D 0.13 0.13 0.10D 16 23 0.17D 0.31 0.32 0.17D
16 14 0.10D 0.15 0.15 0.10D 18 23 0.18 0.34 0.36 0.17D
18 14 0.10D 0.17 0.17 0.10D 7 ft by 4 ft by 8 in.C
20 14 0.10D 0.19 0.19 0.10D 0 to 8 26 0.19D 0.19D 0.19D 0.19D
4 ft by 2 ft by 5 in.C 10 25 0.19D 0.20 0.21 0.19D
0 to 10 18 0.12D 0.12D 0.12D 0.12D 12 25 0.20 0.24 0.25 0.19D
12 17 0.12D 0.13 0.13 0.12D 14 25 0.23 0.28 0.29 0.19D
14 17 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.12D 16 25 0,27 0.32 0.33 0.19D
16 17 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.12D 18 25 0.30 0.36 0.36 0.19D
18 17 0.18 0.19 0.19 0.12D 20 25 0.34 0.40 0.40 0.19D
20 17 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.12D 7 ft by 5 ft by 8 in.C
4 ft by 3 ft by 5 in.C 0 to 8 26 0.19D 0.19D 0.19D 0.19D
Oto 8 17 0.12D 0.12D 0.12D 0.12D 10 25 0.19D 0.22 0.23 0.19D
10 17 0.12D 0.12D 0.13 0.12D 12 25 0.19D 0.26 0.27 0.19D
12 17 0.12D 0.14 0.15 0.12D 14 25 0.21 0.30 0.31 0.19D
14 17 0.12D 0.17 0.17 0.12D 16 25 0.23 0.34 0.35 0.19D
16 17 0.12D 0.19 0.20 0.12D 18 25 0.26 0.38 0.39 0.19D
18 17 0.14 0.22 0.22 0.12D 7 ft by 6 ft by 8 in.C
20 17 0.16 0.24 0.25 0.12D 0 to 6 27 0.19D 0.19D 0.19D 0.19D
4 ft by 4 ft by 5 in.C 8 26 0.19D 0.19D 0.20 0.19D
0[68 18 0.12D 0.12 0.12 0.12D 10 25 0.19D 0.23 0.24 0.19D
10 17 0.12D 0.13 0.13 0.12D 12 25 0.19D 0.27 0.29 0.19D
12 17 0.12D 0.15 0.16 0.12D 14 25 0.19D 0.31 0.33 0.19D
14 17 0.12D 0.18 0.18 0.12D 16 25 0.21 0.35 0.37 0.19D
16 17 0.12D 0.20 0.21 0.12D 18 25 0.24 0.40 0.41 0.19D
18 17 0.12D 0.23 0.23 0.12D 7 ft by 7 ft by 8 in.C
20 17 0.13 0.25 0.26 0.12D 0 to 6 30 0.19D 0.I9D 0.19D 0.19D
5 ft by 3 ft by 6 in.C 8 27 0.19D 0.19D 0.21 0.19D
0 to 8 20 0.14D 0.14D 0.14D 0.14D 10 27 0.19D 0.24 0.25 0.19D
10 19 0.14D 0.14D 0.15 0.14D 12 27 0.19D 0.28 0.30 0.19D
12 19 0.14D 0.17 0.18 0.14D 14 26 0.19D 0.32 0.34 0.19D
14 19 0.16 0.20 0.20 0.14D 16 26 0.20 0.36 0.38 0.19D
16 19 0.18 0.23 0.23 0.14D 18 26 0.22 0.41 0.43 0.19D
18 19 0.21 0.25 0.26 0.14D 8 ft by 4 ft by 8 in.C
20 19 0.23 0.28 0.29 0.14D 0 to 6 28 0.19D 0.19D 0.19D 0.19D
5 ft by 4 ft by 6 in.C 8 27 0.20 0.21 0.22 0.19D
0 to 8 20 0.14D 0.14D 0.14D 0.14D 10 27 0.24 0.26 0.27 0.19D
10 19 0.14D 0.16 0.16 0.14D 12 27 0.29 0.30 0.31 0.19D
12 19 0.14D 0.17 0.19 0.14D 14 27 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.19D
14 19 0.14D 0.22 0.22 0.14D 8 ft by 5 ft by 8 in.C
16 19 0.15 0.25 0.25 0.14D 0 to 6 28 0.19D 0.19D 0.19D 0.19D
18 19 0.17 0.28 0.28 0.14D 8 27 0.19D 0.23 0.24 0.19D
20 19 0.19 0.31 0.31 0.14D 10 26 0.22 0.28 0.29 0.19D
5 ft by 5 ft by 6 in.C 12 26 0.26 0.33 0.34 0.19D
0 to 8 22 0.14D 0.14D 0.14D 0.14D 14 26 0.30 0.38 0.39 0.19D
10 21 0.14D 0.16 0.17 0.14D 8 ft by 6 ft by 8 in.C
12 20 0.14D 0.19 0.20 0.14D 0165 28 0.19D 0.19D 0.19D 0.19D
14 20 0.14D 0.22 0.23 0.14D 6 27 0.19D 0.19D 0.20 0.19D
16 20 0.14D 0.25 0.26 0.14D 8 27 0.19D 0.24 0.26 0.19D
18 20 0.15 0.28 0.30 0.14D 10 27 0.20 0.29 0.31 0.19D
20 20 0.17 0.32 0.33 0.14D 12 27 0.24 0.35 0.36 0.19D
6 ft by 3 ft by 7 in.C 14 27 0.28 0.40 0.42 0.19D
0 to 10 23 0.17D 0.17D 0.17D 0.17D 8 ft by 7 ft by 8 in.C
12 23 0.18 0.19 0.20 0.17D 0 to 5 30 0.19D 0.19D 0.19D 0.19D
14 23 0.21 0.23 0.23 0.17D 6 28 0.19D 0.20 0.22 0.19D
16 23 0.24 0.26 0.26 0.17 D
8 27 0.19D 0.25 0.27 0.19D
18 23 0.28 0.29 0.29 0.17 D
10 27 0.19D 0.30 0.33 0.19D
20 23 0.31 0.32 0.33 0.17 D
12 27 0.22 0.36 0.38 0.19D
6 ft by 4 ft by 7 in.C 14 27 0.26 0.42 0.44 0.19D
0 to 8 23 0.17D 0.17D 0.17D 0.17D 8 ft by 8 ft by 8 in.C
10 22 0.17D 0.18 0.19 0.17D 0 to 4 34 0.19D 0.19D 0.19D 0.19D
12 22 0.17D 0.21 0.22 0.17D 5 31 0.19D 0.19D 0.20 0.19D
14 22 0.18 0.25 0.26 0.17D 6 30 0.19D 0.20 0.23 0.19D
16 22 0.21 0.28 0.29 0.17D 8 30 0.19D 0.26 0.28 0.19D
18 22 0.23 0.32 0.33 0.17D 10 29 0.19D 0.31 0.34 0.19D
20 22 0.26 0.35 0.36 0.17D 12 29 0.21 0.37 0.40 0.19D
6 ft by 5 ft by 7 in.C 14 29 0.24 0.42 0.45 0.19D
0 to 8 23 0.17D 0.17D 0.17D 0.17D 9 ft by 5 ft by 9 in.C
10 21 0.17D 0.19 0.20 0.17D 0 to 6 31 0.22D 0.22D 0.22D 0.22D
410
M 259 SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS

Design Earth Circumferential Reinforcement AreasB Design Earth M, Min in. Circumferential Reinforcement AreasB
M, Min in.
Cover, ft A AS1 AS2 AS3 AS4 AS1 AS2 AS3 AS4
8 30 0.22D 0.24 0.26 0.22D 14 37 0.52 0.42 0.43 0.26D
10 29 0.26 0.30 0.31 0.22D 16 37 0.60 0.47 0.48 0.26D
12 29 0.31 0.35 0.37 0.22D 18 37 0.68 0.53 0.54 0.26D
14 29 0.36 0.41 0.42 0.22D 11 ft by 6 ft by 11 in.C
9 ft by 6 ft by 9 in.C 0 to 2 36 0.26D 0.26D 0.26D 0.26D
0 to 6 31 0.22D 0.22D 0.22D 0.22D 3 36 0.26D 0.26D 0.26D 0.26D
8 29 0.22D 0.26 0.28 0.22D 4 36 0.26D 0.26D 0.26D 0.26D
10 29 0.24 0.32 0.33 0.22D 5 36 0.26D 0.26D 0.26D 0.26D
12 29 0.28 0.38 0.39 0.22D 6 35 0.26D 0.26D 0.26D 0.26D
14 29 0.33 0.43 0.45 0.22D 8 35 0.27 0.29 0.31 0.26D
9 ft by 7 ft by 9 in.C 10 35 0.32 0.36 0.37 0.26D
0 to 5 32 0.22D 0.22D 0.22D 0.22D 12 35 0.38 0.42 0.44 0.26D
6 30 0.22D 0.22D 0.24 0.22D 14 35 0.44 0.48 0.50 0.26D
8 30 0.22D 0.27 0.29 0.22D 16 35 0.50 0.55 0.57 0.26D
10 30 0.23 0.33 0.35 0.22D 18 35 0.56 0.62 0.64 0.26D
12 29 0.27 0.39 0.41 0.22D 11 ft by 8 ft by 11 in.C
14 29 0.31 0.45 0.48 0.22D 0 to 2 38 0.26D 0.26D 0.26D 0.26D
9 ft by 8 ft by 9 in.C 3 37 0.26D 0.26D 0.26D 0.26D
0 to 5 34 0.22D 0.22D 0.22D 0.22D 4 36 0.26D 0.26D 0.26D 0.26D
6 32 0.22D 0.22D 0.25 0.22D 5 36 0.26D 0.26D 0.26D 0.26D
8 31 0.22D 0.28 0.31 0.22D 6 36 0.26D 0.26D 0.28 0.26D
10 31 0.22D 0.34 0.37 0.22D 8 35 0.26D 0.32 0.34 0.26D
12 30 0.25 0.40 0.43 0.22D 10 35 0.28 0.39 0.41 0.26D
14 30 0.29 0.47 0.50 0.22D 12 35 0.33 0.46 0.48 0.26D
9 ft by 9 ft by 9 in.C 14 35 0.38 0.53 0.55 0.26D
0 to 4 38 0.22D 0.22D 0.22D 0.22D 16 35 0.43 ,0.60 0.65 0.26D
5 35 0.22D 0.22D 0.23 0.22D 11 ft by 10 ft by 11 in.C
6 34 0.22D 0.23 0.26 0.22D 0 to 2 42 0.26D 0.26D 0.26D 0.26D
8 33 0.22D 0.29 0.32 0.22D 3 41 0.26D 0.26D 0.26D 0.26D
10 33 0.22D 0.35 0.39 0.22D 4 40 0.26D 0.26D 0.26D 0.26D
12 32 0.24 0.41 0.45 0.22D 5 39 0.26D 0.26D 0.27 0.26D
14 32 0.27 0.48 0.51 0.22D 6 39 0.26D 0.27 0.30 0.26D
10 ft by 5 ft by 10 in.C 8 38 0.26D 0.33 0.37 0.26D
0 to 6 34 0.24D 0.24D 0.24D 0.24D 10 37 0.26D 0.40 0.44 0.26D
8 33 0.25 0.26 0.27 0.24D 12 37 0.30 0.47 0.52 0.26D
10 33 0.31 0.32 0.33 0.24D 14 36 0.35 0.55 0.59 0.26D
12 33 0.36 0.38 0.39 0.24D 16 36 0.39 0.62 0.66 0.26D
14 32 0.42 0.44 0.45 0.24D 11 ft by 11 ft by 11 in.C
16 32 0.48 0.44 0.51 0.24D 0 to 2 47 0.26D 0.26D 0.26D 0.26D
10 ft by 6 ft by 10 in.C 3 44 0.26D 0.26D 0.26D 0.26D
0 to 6 34 0.24D 0.24D 0.24D 0.24D 4 43 0.26D 0.26D 0.26D 0.26D
8 32 0.24D 0.28 0.30 0.24D 5 42 0.26D 0.26D 0.28 0.26D
10 32 0.28 0.34 0.36 0.24D 6 41 0.26D 0.27 0.32 0.26D
12 32 0.33 0.40 0.42 0.24D 8 40 0.26D 0.34 0.39 0.26D
14 32 0.39 0.46 0.48 0.24D 10 39 0.26D 0.41 0.46 0.26D
10 ft by 7 ft by 10 in.C 12 39 0.29 0.48 0.53 0.26D
0 to 5 34 0.24D 0.24D 0.24D 0.24D 14 38 0.34 0.55 0.60 0.26D
6 33 0.24D 0.24D 0.25 0.24D 16 38 0.38 0.62 0.68 0.26D
8 32 0.24D 0.30 0.32 0.24D 12 ft by 4 ft by 12 in.C
10 32 0.26 0.36 0.38 0.24D 0 to 2 42 0.29D 0.29D 0.29D 0.29D
12 32 0.31 0.42 0.45 0.24D 3 42 0.29D 0.29D 0.29D 0.29D
14 32 0.36 0.49 0.51 0.24D 4 41 0.29D 0.29D 0.29D 0.29D
10 ft by 8 ft by 10 in.C 5 41 0.29D 0.29D 0.29D 0.29D
0 to 5 36 0.24D 0.24D 0.24D 0.24D 6 41 0.29D 0.29D 0.29D 0.29D
6 34 0.24D 0.24D 0.27 0.24D 8 41 0.35 0.29D 0.29D 0.29D
8 33 0.24D 0.31 0.33 0.24D 10 41 0.43 0.32 0.33 0.29D
10 33 0.25 0.37 0.40 0.24D 12 41 0.51 0.38 0.39 0.29D
12 32 0.29 0.44 0.47 0.24D 14 41 0.59 0.44 0.45 0.29D
14 32 0.34 0.51 0.54 0.24D 16 41 0.68 0.50 0.51 0.29D
10 ft by 9 ft by 10 in.C 18 41 0.77 0.56 0.57 0.29D
12 ft by 6 ft by 12 in.C
0 to 4 38 0.24D 0.24D 0.24D 0.24D
5 36 0.24D 0.24D 0.25 0.24D 0 to 2 40 0.29D 0.29D 0.29D 0.29D
6 35 0.24D 0.25 0.29 0.24D 3 39 0.29D 0.29D 0.29D 0.29D
8 34 0.24D 0.32 0.35 0.24D 4 39 0.29D 0.29D 0.29D 0.29D
10 34 0.24D 0.38 0.42 0.24D 5 39 0.29D 0.29D 0.29D 0.29D
12 33 0.28 0.45 0.49 0.24D 6 39 0.29D 0.29D 0.29D 0.29D
14 33 0.32 0.52 0.56 0.24D 8 38 0.30 0.31 0.33 0.29D
10 ft by 10 ft by 10 in.C 10 38 0.37 0.38 0.39 0.29D
12 38 0.43 0.44 0.46 0.29D
0 to 4 43 0.24D 0.24D 0.24D 0.24D
14 38 0.50 0.51 0.53 0.29D
5 38 0.24D 0.24D 0.27 0.24D
16 38 0.57 0.58 0.60 0.29D
6 37 0.24D 0.26 0.30 0.24D
18 38 0.64 0.65 0.67 0.29D
8 36 0.24D 0.33 0.37 0.24D
12 ft by 8 ft by 12 in.C
10 36 0.24D 0.39 0.44 0.24D
12 35 0.27 0.46 0.50 0.24D 0 to 2 40 0.29D 0.29D 0.29D 0.29D
14 35 0.31 0.53 0.57 0.24D 3 39 0.29D 0.29D 0.29D .0.29D
11 ft by 4 f t by 11 in.C 4 39 0.29D 0.29D 0.29D 0.29D
5 39 0.29D 0.29D 0.29D 0.29D
0 to 2 38 0.26D 0.26D 0.26D 0.26D
6 38 0.29D 0.29D 0.30 0.29D
3 38 0.26D 0.26D 0.26D 0.26D
8 38 0.29D 0.34 0.37 0.29D
4 38 0.26D 0.26D 0.26D 0.26D
10 38 0.32 0.41 0.44 0.29D
5 38 0.26D 0.26D 0.26D 0.26D
12 37 0.38 0.49 0.52 0.29D
6 37 0.26D 0.26D 0.26D 0.26D
14 37 0.43 0.56 0.59 0.29D
8 37 0.31 0.26D 0.26D 0.26D
16 37 0.49 0.64 0.67 0.29D
10 37 0.37 0.31 0.32 0.26D
12 ft by 10 ft by 12 in.C
12 37 0.45 0.36 0.37 0.26D
0 to 2 43 0.29» 0.29D 0.29D 0.29D

411
M 259 SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS

Design Earth Circumferential Reinforcement AreasB Design Earth M, Min in. Circumferential Reinforcement AreasB
M, Min in.
Cover, ft A AS1 AS2 AS3 AS4 AS1 AS2 AS3 AS4
3 42 0.29D 0.29D 0.29D 0.29D 0 to 2 52 0.29D 0.29D 0.29D 0.29D
4 41 0.29 D
0.29 D
0.29 D
0.29" 3 49 0.29 D
0.29 D
0.29 D
0.29D
5 41 0.29D 0.29D 0.29D 0.29D 4 46 0.29D 0.29D 0.29D 0.29D
6 40 0.29D 0.29D 0.33 0.29D 5 45 0.29D 0.29D 0.32 0.29D
8 39 0.29D 0.36 0.40 0.29D 6 45 0.29D 0.30 0.35 0.29D
10 39 0.30 0.44 0.48 0.29D 8 43 0.29D 0.38 0.43 0.29D
12 39 0.34 0.51 0.55 0.29D 10 43 0.290 0.45 0.50 0.29D
14 38 0.39 0.59 0.63 0.29D 12 42 0.33 0.53 0.58 0.29D
16 38 0.45 0.67 0.71 0.29D 14 41 0.37 0.60 0.66 0.29D
12 ft by 12 ft by 12 in.C 16 41 0.42 0.68 0.75 0.29D
A
The design earth cover indicated is the height of fill above the top of the box section. Design requirements are based on the material and soil properties, loading data and
typical section as included in Appendix Xl. For alternative or special designs, see Section 7.2.
B
Design steel area in square inches per linear foot of box section at those locations which are indicated on the typical section included in Appendix XI.
C
Tire top section designation, for example, 3 ft by 2 ft by 2 in. indicates (Interior Horizontal Span in feet) by (Interior Vertical Rise in feet) by (Wall and Slab Thickness in
inches).
D
Minimum practical steel area is specified.

APPENDIXES formulas for this case. See Appendix X2 X1.3.1 The structural effects of the loads
for a method to modify the designs given described Section X1.2 are evaluated
(Non-mandatory Information)
in Tables 1, 2, and 3 when the anticipated based on the elastic method of structural
earth load, or earth load plus uniformly analysis. Design moments, shears, and
Xl. DESIGN CRITERIA USED TO distributed surface surcharge load, is thrusts are determined by computer
DEVELOP TABLES 1, 2, AND 3 greater (or less) than the weight of the analysis using the stiffness matrix
column of earth directly above the outto- method, and design is based on maxi-
out width of the box sections. mum stress resultants at critical sections
X1.1 Bedding and Backfill Assump- caused by the most severe combination of
tions: X1.2.3 Article 1.2.2 of the AASHTO
specification allows the design of buried design loads.
X1.1.1 The bedding is assumed to pro- structures, such as box section culverts, X1.4 Method of Design:
vide a slightly yielding, uniformly dis- for 70 percent of the weight of earth
tributed support over the bottom width of X1.4.1 Design heights of earth cover,
directly above the out-to-out width of wall thicknesses, and reinforcing steel
the box section. structure. On the other hand, the Mar- areas are determined based on the elastic
X1.1.2 The design earth covers and ston-Spangler theory of earth loads on method structural analysis and the ulti-
reinforcement areas are based on the buried pipe gives a total earth load mate strength method of reinforced con-
weight of a column of earth over the greater than the weight of the column of crete design given in the 1971 ACI
width of the box section. earth directly over the structure for most Building Code (ACI 318-71).2 Steel areas
X1.1.3 Refer to Appendix X2 for other "positive projecting" culverts, and less are governed by ultimate flexural
bedding and backfill conditions. than the weight of the column of earth strength. The steel areas and the size and
over the structure for "trench type" instal- spacing of circumferential wires are
X1.2 Criteria for Loads:
lations, "negative projecting" culverts, proportioned to limit the maximum crack
X1.2.1 Design loads are based on the and "induced trench" culverts. In view of width to 0.01 in. under design load condi-
American Association of State Highway the number of different installation tions. Evaluation of crack control with
and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) conditions which may be encountered the welded wire fabric reinforcement
Standard Specifications for Highway and the use of higher reinforcing steel specified for the tabulated designs is
Bridges, Thirteenth Edition. stresses associated with the ultimate based on the results of research by Lloyd,
X1.2.2 Live loads for designs given in strength design method (see Section Rejali, and Kesler3 at the University of
Table 1 are H2O truck wheel loads as X1.2), the 30-percent reduction in weight Illinois, and is significantly more conser-
defined in the AASHTO specifications. of supported earth load permitted in vativethan the crack control provisions
Live loads for designs given in Table 2 Article 1.2.2 of the AASHTO specifica- given in ACI 318-71. This is because it is
are either the H2O truck wheel loads, or tion is not utilized for the tabulated de- recognized that approximations which
interstate truck wheel loads as defined in signs, and a method of modifying designs were used to simplify the ACI crack
U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau for anticipated earth loads which differ control provisions can result in unconser-
of Public Roads Circular Memorandum from the above described "standard earth vative designs for thin elements such as
22-40, 22 April 1957, depending upon load" is given in Appendix X2. slabs. Standard designs do not cover
whichever produces the more severe X1.2.4 Lateral earth pressure from installations that must resist significant
design strength requirements. Distribu- weight of earth above and adjacent to a external water pressure. Furthermore,
tion of truck wheel loads through earth box section is taken as a minimum of installations that are subject to high
fills is in accordance with Article 1.3.3 in 0.25 times vertical pressure, and an addi- external water pressure may require
the AASHTO specifications. Earth cover tional 0.25 times vertical pressure is vertical reinforcement for the inside face
loads for designs given in Tables 1, 2, added when determining steel areas only of the side walls. Lloyd, Rejali, and
and 3 are the weight of a column of earth when areas are increased by such in- Kesler suggest that crack control equa-
of a width equal to the outside width creased lateral pressure. For Tables 1 and tions developed for deformed bar rein
dimension of the box section and a height 2, additional lateral pressure in lbf/ft2
equal to the depth of earth cover over the from approaching truck wheel loads is
top of the section. This earth load is taken as 700 divided by depth of earth
2
Available from the American Concrete Institute,
recommended in Article 1.2.2 (A) of the P.O. Box 4754. Redford Station. Detroit, Mich.
cover in feet and is added when 48219.
AASHTO Bridge Specifications for the determining steel areas only at sections 3
Lloyd, J.P., Rejali, H.M., and Kesler, C.E., "Crack
normal case of box culverts on "yielding" where area is increased by increased Control in One-Way Slabs Reinforced with De-
subgrade. The AASHTO specifications lateral pressure. formed Welded Wire Fabric. Journal of the American
Concrete Institute Proceedings, FACIA, Vol. 66, Nº
define an "unyielding" subgrade as "rock 5, May 1969.
X1.3 Methods of Analysis:
or piles" and requires the use of the Iowa

412
M 259 SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS

forcement may also be used for both

welded smooth wire fabric and deformed
wire fabric reinforcement.
X1.4.2 Note that some box section de-
signs shown in the tables have steel area
requirements designated by "D" as
minimum practical steel area. For such
designs, the steel areas calculated for
support of design loads are less than the
minimum steel area which is specified
for slabs in AASHTO Specification,
0.002 bt, and thus, the minimum rein-
forcement areas are shown in the tables.
X1.4.3 For specific criteria used in
Tables 1, 2, and 3, refer to Table X1.
X1.4.4 The maximum height of earth
cover shown in the tables is deter-mined
by the shear strength of the box section
without the use of special shear rein-
forcement, as given in Sections 11.2.1,
11.2.2, and 11.4.1 of ACI 318-71, and by
the "standard weight" of the column of
earth directly above the box section. See
Table X2 for the maximum loads which
can be carried on the standard box sec-
tions. These loads can be used to deter-
mine maximum earth cover heights when
the anticipated weight of earth supported
by the section is greater than (or less
than) the above "standard weight" of
earth cover.
X1.5 Multiple Cell Installations:
X1.5.1 The designs given herein are for "trench-type" conduits, "negative- section to support an earth load that is
single cell precast reinforced concrete projecting" conduits. and "induced- greater than the "standard weight of
box sections. The units may be used in trench" conduits is less than the weight of earth" used to develop Tables 1, 2, and 3.
parallel for multicell installations if earth over the conduits. Also, the de- Example:
means of positive lateral bearing by signer may wish to use a unit weight of X2.3.1 Given—A 6 ft by 6 ft by 7 in.
continuous contact between the sides of earth more or less than the 120 lb/ft3 used Table I precast concrete box section
adjacent boxes are provided. Compacted in the "standard weight," or may wish to under 14 ft of cover with 110 lb/ft3 earth
earth fill, granular backfill, or grouting include a particular uniformly distributed and an effective weight of earth sup-
between the units are considered means surface surcharge loading. ported by the section of 1.36 times the
of providing such positive bearing. X2.2 Incremental reinforcing steel weight of the column of earth directly
X2. Modification of "Standard" Box areas are given in Table X2 for each box over the section instead of the standard
Section Designs for Earth Loads Differ- section type. Where installation condi- 120 lb/ft3 earth.
ent from the "Standard" Earth Load: tions warrant the use of a weight of earth X2.3.2 Find—The required AS1, AS2, and
X2.1 The heights of cover given in more or less than the "standard weight," AS3 circumferential reinforcement areas.
Tables 1, 2, and 3 are based on a "stan- the designer may utilize these incre- In all cases AS4 is governed by the mini-
dard weight of earth fill" equal to the mental areas to modify the steel areas mum steel areas as described in X1.4.2
weight of a column of earth with a unit given in Tables 1, 2, or 3 for a particular and is not changed by increased vertical
weight of 120 lb/ft3 and a width equal to height of cover. The maximum total loads.
the out-to-out width of the box section. weight of earth fill that may be supported
over the out-to-out width of each stan- X2.3.3 Solution:
For some installations, the design engi-
neer may determine that for a given dard box section size, as governed by X2.3.3.1 Effective unit weight of soil =
height of cover, the weight of earth to be shear strength without shear reinforcing, 110 X 1.36 = 150 lb/ft3.
supported by the box section is more or is also given in Table X2. Thus, for any X2.3.3.2 Determine change in total
less than the above "standard weight of weight of earth or surface surcharge, or weight of earth on culvert in kps force/
earth fill" used to develop the designs both, a designer can use Tables 1, 2, 3, linear ft (1000 lbf):
given in the tables. and X2, to determine the required area of W = HXBXw
reinforcing steel for various heights of where:
X2.1.1 For example, the Marston- earth cover, or the maximum height of W =total weight of earth on culvert, kf/ft
Spangler theory for loads on buried earth cover without special shear rein- H =height of earth cover, ft,
structures indicates that the weight of forcing, for any of the standard box B =outside span, ft,
earth that must be supported by most section sizes shown in these tables. w =unit weight of earth, kf/ft3,
"positive projecting" conduits is greater W120 = 14 X 7.167 X 0.120 = 12.040 kf/ft
than the weight of a column of earth X2.3 The following design example W150 = 14 X 7.167 X 0.150 = 15.051 kf/ft,
directly over the conduit, while the illustrates how the above tables may be and
weight of earth that must be supported by used to obtain a suitable design for a box W = W150 + W120 = 3.011 kf/ft

413
M 259 SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS

TABLE Xl Update on AASHTO Bridge Specification Edition Impact (variable with depth) see AASHTO Bridge Specifications, 1977
Material properties:
Welded wire fabric, minimum specified yield stress 65000 psi
Concrete, minimum specified compressive strength 5000 psi
Soil data:
Unit weight 120 lbf/ft3
Ratio of lateral to vertical pressure from weight of earth 0.25 min to 0.50 max
Additional lateral pressure from approaching truck wheels 700 ÷ H. lbf/ft2 where H = earth cover. ft
External water table below box section invert
Effective weight coefficient 1.0
Uniform internal pressure 0.0
Depth of water in box section equal to inside height
External ground water pressure 0.0
Structural arrangement:
Concrete cover over steel 1.0 in.
1
Slab thickness /12 times inside span plus 1.0 in up to 7-ft span—1/12 inside.
span above 7-ft span
Side wall thickness equal to slab thickness
Haunch dimensions vertical and horizontal dimensions both equal to slab thickness
Minimum reinforcing inside face slabs and side walls, outside face 0.002 bt
side walls and comers of slabs
The structural arrangement and details are shown in Figure 1.
See ACI 318-71, Section 9.2.1(c)

X2.3.3.3 Determine the change in Therefore, the correct reinforcement lbf/ft. The approximate equivalent uni-
circumferential reinforcement areas. areas are as follows: form load from an HS201iveload at 14-ft
From Table 1, for a 6 ft by 6 ft by 7 in. burial depth is about 160 lbf/ft3 or a total
AS1 = 0.17 + 0.04 = 0.21 in.2/ft
section under 14 ft of cover AS1 = 0.17, AS2 = 0.32 + 0.08 = 0.40 in.2/ft load of 1150 lbf/ft (160 x 7.167). There-
AS2 = 0.32, and AS3 = 0.33 in.2/ft. From AS3 = 0.33 + 0.08 = 0.41 in.2/ft fore., the total weight on the box section
Table X2.1, for a 6 ft by 6 ft by 7 in. is 16200 lbf/ft (15050 + 1150) which is
X2.3.3.4 Determine if the total weight
section, the changes in reinforcing areas less than the maximum allowable, there-
of earth on the culvert is less than maxi-
are for AS1 = 0.013, AS2 and AS3 = 0.02B fore the design is satisfactory.
mum as governed by the shear strength of
in.2/ft for each 1000 lbf/ft of load change.
culvert without stirrups.
Therefore:
∆AS1 = 3.011 X 0.013 = 0.039 X2.3.3.4.1 From Table X2, the maxi-
∆AS2 = 3.011 X 0.028 = 0.084 mum allowable weight = 16900 lbf/ft.
∆AS3 = 3.011 X 0.028 = 0.084 From Section X2.3.3.2. W150 = 15051

TABLE X2 Design Information for Revising Tabulated Reinforcing Steel Areas

Change in Reinforcing Steel Area Change in Reinforcing Steel
per 1000 lbf/ft Change in Total Area per 1000 lbf/ft Change in
Maximum Maximum
Culvert Size Weight on Box Section Culvert Size Total Weight on Box Section.
W, lbf/ftA W, lbf/ftA
2 ∆AS2 ∆AS3 ∆AS2 ∆AS3
∆AS1 in. /ft ∆AS1 in.2/ft
in.2/ft in.2/ft
3 ft by 2 ft by 4 in. 0.018 0.023 9500 9 ft by 5 ft by 9 in. 0.022 0.02.5 20300
3 ft by 3 ft by 4 in. 0.013 0.028 9400 9 ft by 6 ft by 9 in. 0.020 0.027 201100
4 ft by 2 ft by 5 in. 0.021 0.020 12200 9 ft by 7 ft by 9 in. 0.018 0.029 19800
4 ft by 3 ft by 5 in. 0.016 0.025 12100 9 ft by 8 ft by 9 in. 0.016 0.030 19600
4 ft by 4 ft by 5 in. 0.013 0.028 12000 9 ft by 9 ft by 9 in. 0.015 0.031 19400
5 ft by 3 ft by 6 in. 0.019 0.022 14800 10 ft by 5 ft by 10 in. 0.022 0.023 22800
5 ft by 4 ft by 6 in. 0.015 0.025 14700 10 ft by 6 ft by 10 in. 0.020 0.02.5 22500
5 ft by 5 ft by 6 in. 0.012 0.028 14500 10 ft by 7 ft by 10 in. 0.019 0.02- 22303
6 ft by 3 ft by 7 in. 0.020 0.020 17500 10 ft by 9 ft by 10 in. 0.017 0.028 22100
6 ft by 4 ft by 7 in. 0.017 0.023 17300 10 ft by 9 ft by 10 in. 0.015 0.030 21800
6 ft by 5 ft by 7 in. 0.013 0.020 17100 10 ft by 10 ft by 10 in. 0.014 0.031 21600
6 ft by 6 ft by 7 in. 0.013 0.028 16900 11 ft by 4 ft by 11 in. 0.024 0.020 25300
7 ft by 5 ft by 8in. 0.019 0.022 19800 11 ft by 6 ft by 11 in. 0.021 0.023 24900
7 ft by 5 ft by 8in. 0.016 0.024 19600 11 ft by 9 ft by 11 in. 0.018 0.026 24500
7 ft by 6 ft by 8 in. 0.014 0.026 19400 11 ft by 10 ft by 11 in. 0.015 0.029 240013
7 ft by 7 ft by 8 in. 0.013 0.028 19300 11 ft by 11 ft by 11 in. 0.013 0.030 238C'J
8 ft by 4 ft by 8 in. 0.024 0.024 18000 12 ft by 4 ft by 12 in. 0.025 0.018 27800
8 ft by 5 ft by 8 in. 0.021 0.027 17800 12 ft by 6 ft by 12 in. 0.022 0.021 27400)
8 ft by 6 ft by 8 in. 0.018 0.029 17600 12 ft by 8 ft by 12 in. 0.019 0.024 27000
8 ft by 7 ft by 8 in. 0.016 0.030 17400 12 ft by 10 ft by 12 in. 0.016 0.027 26500
8 ft by 8 ft by 8 in. 0.015 0.032 17200 12 ft by 12 ft by 12 in. 0.013 0.030 26200
A
Maximum allowable total weight on box section as governed by shear strength of box section without stirrups

414