EXERCISE 23(POINTER)

138. Write a function using pointers to add two matrices and to return the resultant
matrix to the calling function.
Program:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
int a[5][5], b[5][5], row, col;
void add(int (*)[5]);
int main()
{
    int c[5][5], i, j;
    clrscr();
    printf("Enter row : ");
    scanf("%d", &row);
    printf("Enter column : ");
    scanf("%d", &col);
    printf("Enter matrix A :\n");
    for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
    {
        for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
        {
            scanf("%d", &a[i][j]);
        }
    }
    printf("Enter matrix B :\n");
    for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
    {
        for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
        {
            scanf("%d", &b[i][j]);
        }
    }
    add(c);
    printf("Addition :\n");
    for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
    {
        for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
        {
            printf("%d\t", c[i][j]);
        }
        printf("\n");
    }
    getch();
    return 0;
}
void add(int c[5][5])
{
    int i, j;
    for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
    {
        for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
        {
            c[i][j] = a[i][j] + b[i][j];
        }
    }
}

Output:
139. C program to find length of a string using pointer
Program:
#include<stdio.h>
int main(){
   
    char str[50] = "Hello";
    int c=0;
    char *ptr;
    ptr = &str[0];
    while((*ptr) != '\0'){
        c++;
        ptr ++;
    }
    printf("Lenght of string : %d",c);
    return 0;
}

Output:
Lenght of string : 5
140. C program to copy one string to another string using pointer.
Program:

Output:

141. C program to concatenate two strings using pointer

Program:
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
    char str1[100], str2[100];

    printf("\nEnter the first string: ");

    gets(str1);  

    printf("\nEnter the second string to be concatenated: ");

    gets(str2);  

    char *a = str1;
    char *b = str2;

   
    while(*a)  
    {
        a++;    
    }
    while(*b)  
    {
        *a = *b;
        b++;
        a++;
    }
    *a = '\0';  
    printf("\n\n\nThe string after concatenation is: %s ", str1);
    return 0;
}

Output:
Enter the first string: hello

Enter the second string to be concatenated: world

The string after concatenation is: helloworld

142. C program to compare two strings without using string library functions.
Program:
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{

    char str1[20],str2[20],i,j,flag=0;

    printf("\nEnter first string :: ");

    gets(str1);
    printf("\nEnter Second string :: ");
    gets(str2);

    i=0;
    j=0;

    while(str1[i]!='\0')
    {
       i++;
    }

    while(str2[j]!='\0')
    {
       j++;
    }

    if(i!=j)
    {
        flag=0;
    }
    else
    {
         for(i=0,j=0;str1[i]!='\0',str2[j]!='\0';i++,j++)
         {
             if(str1[i]==str2[j])
             {
                flag=1;
             }
         }
    }

    if(flag==0)
    {
        printf("\nStrings are not equal\n");
    }
    else
    {
        printf("\nStrings are equal.\n");
    }

     return 0;

 }

Output:
Enter first string :: hello

Enter Second string :: hello

Strings are equal.

143. C program to sort an array using pointers.

Program:
#include <stdio.h>

#define MAX_SIZE 100

void inputArray(int * arr, int size);

void printArray(int * arr, int size);

int sortAscending(int * num1, int * num2);

int sortDescending(int * num1, int * num2);

void sort(int * arr, int size, int (* compare)(int *, int *));

int main()
{
    int arr[MAX_SIZE];
    int size;

    printf("Enter array size: ");

    scanf("%d", &size);
    printf("Enter elements in array: ");
    inputArray(arr, size);

    printf("\n\nElements before sorting: ");

    printArray(arr, size);

    printf("\n\nArray in ascending order: ");

    sort(arr, size, sortAscending);
    printArray(arr, size);

    printf("\nArray in descending order: ");

    sort(arr, size, sortDescending);
    printArray(arr, size);

   
    return 0;
}

void inputArray(int * arr, int size)

{
    int * arrEnd = (arr + size - 1);

    while(arr <= arrEnd)

        scanf("%d", arr++);
}

void printArray(int * arr, int size)

{
    int * arrEnd = (arr + size - 1);

    while(arr <= arrEnd)

        printf("%d, ", *(arr++));
}

int sortAscending(int * num1, int * num2)

{
    return (*num1) - (*num2);
}

int sortDescending(int * num1, int * num2)

{
    return (*num2) - (*num1);
}

void sort(int * arr, int size, int (* compare)(int *, int *))

{
    int * arrEnd  = (arr + size - 1);

    int * curElem = arr;

    int * elemToSort;

    while(curElem <= arrEnd)

    {
        elemToSort = curElem;

        while(elemToSort <= arrEnd)

        {
            if(compare(curElem, elemToSort) > 0)
            {
                *curElem    ^= *elemToSort;
                *elemToSort ^= *curElem;
                *curElem    ^= *elemToSort;
            }

            elemToSort++;
        }

        curElem++;
    }
}

Output:
Enter array size: 10
Enter elements in array: 10 -1 0 4 2 100 15 20 24 -5
Elements before sorting: 10, -1, 0, 4, 2, 100, 15, 20, 24, -5,

Array in ascending order: -5, -1, 0, 2, 4, 10, 15, 20, 24, 100,
Array in descending order: 100, 24, 20, 15, 10, 4, 2, 0, -1, -5,

144. Write a program in C to compute the sum of all elements in an array using
pointers.
Program:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <malloc.h>
void main(){
   int i, n, sum = 0;
   int *ptr;
   printf("Enter size of array : \n");
   scanf("%d", &n);
   ptr = (int *) malloc(n * sizeof(int));
   printf("Enter elements in the List \n");
   for (i = 0; i < n; i++){
      scanf("%d", ptr + i);
   }
   //calculate sum of elements
   for (i = 0; i < n; i++){
      sum = sum + *(ptr + i);
   }
   printf("Sum of all elements in an array is = %d\n", sum);
   return 0;
}

Output:
Enter size of array :
5
Enter elements in the List
1
2
3
4
5
Sum of all elements in an array is = 15

145. Write a program in C to count the number of vowels and consonants in a

string using a pointer.
Program:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
{
    char s[1000], *p;
    int vowels = 0, consonants = 0;

    printf("Enter  the string : ");

    gets(s);

    p = s;

    while (*p)
    {
        if ((*p >= 65 && *p <= 90) || (*p >= 97 && *p <= 122))
        {

            if (*p == 'a' || *p == 'e' || *p == 'i' || *p == 'o'

|| *p == 'u' || *p == 'A' || *p == 'E' || *p == 'I' || *p == 'O'
|| *p == 'U')
                vowels++;
            else
                consonants++;
        }
        p++;
    }

    printf("vowels = %d\n", vowels);

    printf("consonants = %d\n", consonants);

    return 0;
}

Output:
Enter  the string : AEIOU aeiou
vowels = 10
consonants = 0