MINISTRY OF EDUCATION

FIJI YEAR 11 FINAL EXAMINATION 2017

BIOLOGY

Time Allowed: 3 hours

(An extra 10 minutes is allowed for reading this paper.)

INSTRUCTIONS
1. Write your Name and Year Level on the front page of the Answer Booklet.
2. Write all your answers in the Answer Booklet provided.
3. If you use extra sheets of paper, be sure to show clearly the question number(s) being
answered and secure each sheet in your Answer Booklet at the appropriate places.
Ensure that your Name and Year Level are written on the extra sheets.
4. Answer all the questions with a blue or black ballpoint pen or ink pen. Do not use red
ink. You may use a pencil only for drawing.
5. You may use a calculator, provided it is silent, battery-operated and non-programmable.
6. There are three sections in the paper. All sections are compulsory. Note the choices
in Section C.

SUMMARY OF QUESTIONS

TOTAL SUGGESTED
SECTION GUIDELINES
MARK TIME

A There are twenty multiple-choice questions. 20 36 minutes

All the questions are compulsory.

B There are seven short-answer questions. 70 126 minutes

All the questions are compulsory.

C There are four essay questions. 10 18 minutes

Answer only one question of your choice.

TOTAL 100 180 minutes

COPYRIGHT: MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FIJI, 2017.

 2.

SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS [20 marks]

The multiple-choice questions are all compulsory. Each question is worth 1 mark.

INSTRUCTIONS

(1) In your Answer Booklet, circle the letter which represents the best answer. If you
change your mind, put a line through your first choice and circle the letter of your
next choice.

For example: 8 A B C D

(2) If you change your mind again and like your first answer better, put a line
through your second circle and tick () your first answer.

For example: 8 A B C D


(3) No mark will be given if you circle more than one letter for a question.

Circle the letter of the best answer in the Answer Booklet.

Study the diagram below and use it to answer Questions 1 and 2.

Source: http://www.image.com

1. The type of microscope shown in the above diagram is a __________ microscope.

A. binocular
B. dissecting
C. compound
D. scanning electron

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2. The part labelled A on the diagram which controls the amount of light passing through
the condenser and is called the

A. objective.
B. nose piece.
C. diaphragm.
D. concave mirror.

3. The diagram below shows a stage of mitosis.

Source: https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com

Which of the following stages of mitosis is shown in the diagram above?

A. Prophase
B. Anaphase
C. Metaphase
D. Telophase

4. The organelle that transports molecules to and from the membrane during exocytosis
and endocytosis is the

A. vesicle.
B. nucleus.
C. vacuole.
D. ribosome.

5. The process by which substances move from a region of high concentration to a region
of low concentration is known as

A. osmosis.
B. diffusion.
C. pinocytosis.
D. active transport

6. A normal sperm cell contains

A. two X chromosomes.
B. one Y chromosome only.
C. one X chromosome only.
D. either one X or one Y chromosome.

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7. A characteristic that shows continuous variation is

A. height.
B. gender.
C. eye color.
D. blood group.
8. Which of the following two structures are found only in plant cells?

A. Nucleus and cell wall

B. Nucleus and sap vacuole
C. Chloroplast and cell wall
D. Chloroplast and cell membrane

The diagram given below shows a section of a stem which aids in transportation in
plants. Use the diagram and your knowledge to answer Question 9.

Source: https://www.encrypted-gstatic.com

9. The structure labelled P is the

A. stem.
B. xylem.
C. phloem.
D. cambium.

10. Which of the following is not a feature of monocotyledons?

A. Fibrous roots
B. Parallel leaf veins
C. Network of veins on the leaves
D. Flower parts in three or multiples of three

11. Which of the following products of the photosynthesis reaction is used to drive
the respiration reactions in the mitochondria?

A. Water and oxygen

B. Oxygen and glucose
C. Carbon dioxide and water
D. Carbon dioxide and glucose

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12. Which of the following terms applies to the plant shoot growing towards sunlight?

A. Phototropism
B. Hydrotropism
C. Chemotropism
D. Thigmotropism

13. Which of the following is not present in the lymphatic system?

A. Valves
B. Food materials
C. Red blood cells
D. White blood cells

14. Red blood cells are different from white blood cells in that they

A. are larger in size.

B. are less numerous.
C. do not have nucleus.
D. are biconvex in shape.

15. A person with kidney failure, undergoing blood dialysis should probably eat foods
low in

A. fat.
B. protein.
C. roughage.
D. carbohydrate.
16. Muscles are connected to bones by

A. tendon.
B. cartilage.
C. ligament.
D. synovial fluid.

17. Which of the following is formed during the fertilisation of two gametes?

A. A fetus
B. A clone
C. A zygote
D. An embryo

18. The family planning method that also gives protection from sexually transmitted
infections is the use of

A. condoms.
B. vasectomy.
C. diaphragm.
D. contraceptive pills.

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19. The blue starfish Linckia laevagata is an echinoderm and it belongs to the genus

A. Linckia.
B. Sea Stars.
C. laevagata.
D. Echinoidea.

20. There is increasing ______________ when moving down the classification table
from kingdom to species.

A. activity
B. diversity
C. complexity
D. similarities

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY11FE 2017: BIOLOGY.

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SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS [70 marks]

The seven questions in this section are all compulsory. Each question is worth 10 marks.

QUESTION 1 (10 marks)

(a) Study the diagram given below and use your knowledge to answer the questions
that follow.

Source: http://www2.sluh.org

(i) Is the diagram above of a plant cell or animal cell? (1 mark)

(ii) Give two reasons for your choice in (i) above. (2 marks)

(iii) Give one function of organelle X. (1 mark)

(b) A cell was placed in a hypotonic solution for 15 minutes and then observed
under the microscope. Apply the concept of osmosis to explain what happens
to the cell after 15 minutes. (2 marks)

(c) You are provided with two cubes, A and B. The surface area to volume ratio for
cube A is 3:2 and the dimensions for cube B are provided below. (Note: the cubes
are not drawn to actual size)

Turn Over

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY11FE 2017: BIOLOGY

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SECTION B (continued)

(i) Calculate the surface area to volume ratio of cube B. (Show all working) (2 marks)

(ii) Explain in which cube would diffusion occur at a faster rate. (2 marks)

QUESTION 2 (10 marks)

(a) In pea plants, yellow seed color (Y) is dominant to green seed color (y). A farmer
crossed two heterozygous pea plants.

(i) Complete the punnet square given in the Answer Booklet to find the genotype
and the phenotype of the offspring of the above cross. (2 marks)

(ii) If the farmer plants one hundred seeds produced from the above cross, what
would be the expected number of plants producing yellow seeds. (1 mark)

(b) Describe how a test cross is carried out and state its purpose. (2 marks)

(c) Use the punnet square given in the Answer Booklet to predict the probability of
a child being born male. (2 marks)

(d) Why is genetic variation important? (1 mark)

(e) Draw the structure of a Chromosome and label centromere and chromatid. (2 marks)

QUESTION 3 (10 marks)

(a) Different plants display different types of leaf arrangement such as spiral, whorl
and alternate arrangements. Explain the importance of leaf arrangement to plants.
(2 marks)

(b) The diagram below shows two pollen grains from two different types of flowers
being observed under the microscope during a practical class.

Source: http://www.remf.dartmouth.edu

(i) Which pollen grain, (A or B) is from an insect pollinated flower? (1 mark)

(ii) Give a reason for your choice in (i) above. (1 mark)

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY11FE 2016: BIOLOGY.

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(c) A group of students came across the structure below showing 4 cells at 40X magnification
while observing a thick slime through the microscope. The diameter of field of view
at 40X magnification is 3mm.

Calculate the approximate length of each cell in micrometres. (2 marks)

(d) State one function of a fibrous root. (1 mark)

(e) Germination is the process of seeds developing into new plants. The suitable
environmental conditions trigger the seeds to grow.

(i) State one environmental condition which is most suitable for seed
germination. (1 mark)

(ii) What is the difference between hypogeal germination and epigeal

germination?
(2 marks)

QUESTION 4 (10 marks)

(a) The diagram below shows a reflex action pathway.

Source: https://www.flipquiz.me
(i) State one functional difference between neurons A and B. (2 marks)

Turn Over

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SECTION B (continued)

(ii) Name the gap labelled D that allows the impulse to travel from neuron A
to neuron C. (1 mark)

(iii) What is the benefit of reflex action pathway over the usual stimulus
response (intelligent pathway)? (2 mark)

(b) The diagram given below shows the structures associated with gas exchange
in lungs.

Source: http://www.mvstudyguide.com

(i) Identify substances A and B. (1 mark)

(ii) Describe any two characteristics of alveoli that enables efficient gas
exchange. (2 marks)

(c) The diagram given below shows a villus from a small intestine. Use the diagram
and your knowledge to answer the questions that follow.

Source: http://ibguides.com

(i) Name the part labelled A. (1 mark)

(ii) State one important function served by the villi in small intestine. (1 mark)

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY11FE 2017: BIOLOGY.

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QUESTION 5 (10 marks)

(a) Study the Nitrogen cycle diagram given below and use your knowledge to answer
the questions that follow.

Source: http:/www.cdn.biologydiscussion.com

(i) Name the process W. (1 mark)

(ii) Identify bacteria causing the process X to occur. (1 mark)

(b) Some year 11 students wanted to estimate the population size of sensitive grass
plants in a 15 metre by 10 metre rectangular field. They randomly placed 5
quadrats (one metre square each) in the field and counted the sensitive grass plants
in each quadrat. The results are tabulated below.

Quadrat Number Number of plants

1 18
2 24
3 27
4 8
5 23
Total 100

(i) Calculate the estimated total population of sensitive grass plant in the field.
Show all your working. (2 marks)

(ii) State how the students could make a more accurate estimation. (1 mark)

Turn Over

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY11FE 2017: BIOLOGY.

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SECTION B (continued)

(c) A group of biology students were doing a field study. They recorded the names
and number of the organisms they studied as shown in the table below.

Organisms Number of organism

Mongoose 1
grasshoppers 35
Grasses 2500
birds 8

(i) Using the information from the above table construct a labelled pyramid
of numbers. (2 marks)

(ii) State the organism from the above community with the greatest biomass. (1 mark)

(d) Seed dispersal is important in plants. Name one adaptation each of a seed dispersed
by the following agents:
1. water
2. being eaten by animals
(2 marks)

QUESTION 6 (10 marks)

(a) Plants adapted to conditions of high temperatures and low water availability
often has stomata sunken into pits on stems and leaves. The stomata remain
closed during the hottest part of the day.

(i) State the role of stomata in relation to water movement in plants. (1 mark)

(ii) Explain how the closure of stomata would affect the rate of photosynthesis
and plant growth. (2 marks)

(b) (i) State one change that would take place in the heartbeat of a person
climbing a mountain. (1 mark)

(ii) Explain how the change in (i) above help the functioning of the leg
muscles during the climb. (2 marks)

(c) Explain how vaccinations work in preventing diseases. (2 marks)

(d) Explain how a hole in the heart results in insufficient oxygen reaching all parts
of the body. (2 marks)

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY11FE 2017: BIOLOGY.

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QUESTION 7 (10 marks)

(a) Use the dichotomous Key below to identify the following leaves. (4 marks)

Adapted from: http://www.abitlikethis.com

Dichotomous Key

1. a. Needle shaped leaves go to 2

b. Non needle shaped leaves go to 3

2. a. Needles are clustered Pine

b. Needles are in singlets Spruce

3. a. Simple leaves (single leaves) go to 4

b. Compound leaves (made of “leaflets”) go to 7

4. a. Smooth edged go to 5
b. Spiky or rough edge go to 6

5. a. Leaf shape is oval Magnolia

b. Leaf shape is lobed White Oak

6. a. Leaf edge is small and tooth-like Elm

b. Leaf edge is large and thorny Holly

7. a. Leaflets attached at one single point Chestnut

b. Leaflets attached at multiple points Walnut

Turn Over
© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY11FE 2017: BIOLOGY.
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SECTION B (continued)

(b)

Non communicable diseases kill 40 million people each year. 17 million people die from a
NCD before the age of 70 and 87% of these "premature" deaths occur in developing
countries. Cardiovascular diseases (heart attack, stroke) account for most NCD deaths.

Adapted from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre

(i) What is a non-communicable disease (or NCD)? (1 mark)

(ii) Give one reason why the death rate due to NCDs is high in developing
countries. (1 mark)

(c) One of the rising environmental problems today is global warming.

Explain one way human beings have contributed to global warming. (2 marks)

(d) Artificial selection is carried out by humans to produce a breed of organisms

with useful characteristics which have greater benefits to humans. State one such
benefit of artificial selection. (1 mark)

(e) State one ecological importance of plants. (1 mark)

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY11FE 2017: BIOLOGY.

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SECTION C ESSAY WRITING [10 marks]

There are four questions in this section. Answer only one question. In this section,
you are given an opportunity to show that you can:

(i) select ideas relevant to the question.

(ii) use appropriate examples.

(iii) communicate information clearly and logically.

Write an essay, using 180 – 200 words on any one of the questions given below. Please
note that the allocation of marks for content has been included for each question and
2 marks is allocated for the structure of the essay.

EITHER

QUESTION 1 (10 marks)

Plants and animals in a community often form relationships with members of different
species. With reference to this statement

 name and describe two different kinds of community relationships. (2 marks)

 for each community relationship, name the two organisms involved and
discuss the effects of these relationships to the organisms. (4 marks)
 state two ways that these two community relationships benefit the environment. (2 marks)

OR

QUESTION 2 (10 marks)

Our oceans our future – A world of Blue: Preserving Oceans, Safeguarding

the Planet, Ensuring Human Well-being is the theme for ocean anti- pollution
awareness campaign – 2017. With reference to this theme

 state two examples of ocean pollution and its cause. (2 marks)

 discuss how these (as mentioned above) affect marine animals. (4 marks)
 describe two ways the people of Fiji can help sustain the ocean for our benefit. (2 marks)

OR

QUESTION 3 (10 marks)

Smoking tobacco is the leading cause of preventable deaths. With reference to this
statement
• state two reasons why people smoke. (2 marks)
• discuss one social and one health effect of smoking. (4 marks)
• state two ways you can motivate a person to stop smoking. (2 marks)

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OR

QUESTION 4 (10 marks)

Sexual reproduction in plants involve pollination and fertilisation as two major

processes. With reference to this statement
• define cross-pollination and self-pollination. (2 marks)
• describe two ways wind and insect pollinated flowers are each adapted to
support pollination. (4 marks)
• explain the process of double fertilisation. (2 marks)

THE END

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COPYRIGHT: MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FIJI, 2017.