Soil Ass
Soil Ass
Soil Ass
CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENTS
1. Crawler tractor (Bull dozer or Dozers )
The principal design advantages of crawler tractors over wheeled vehicles are that
they are in contact with a larger surface area than would generally be the case
with a wheeled vehicle, and as a result exert a much lower 'Ground Pressure' on
the ground being traversed than a conventional wheeled vehicle of the same
weight.
This makes them suitable for use on soft, low friction and uneven ground such as
mud, ice and snow.
3.Scrappers
A scraper, in engineering,is a machine for moving earth over short distances (up
to about two miles) over relatively smooth areas. Either self-propelled or towed,
it consists of a wagon with a gate having a bladed bottom.
The blade scrapes up earth as the wagon pushes forward and forces the excavated
material into the wagon. When the wagon is filled, the gate is closed, and the
material is carried to the place of disposal.
Scrapers are used to move or remove dirt, gravel or other material from the
ground surface. Though they are specially designed for this purpose, they can
also perform tasks such as: Excavation, Levelling, Loading, Hauling, Dumping
and Cutting to grade.
Because of this, scrapers are considered both a specialised and versatile machine.
While they can perform the core tasks of a worksite, they can also do things no
other machine can do.
One of these is scraping wet soil – a scraper is the best earth moving machine
equipped to scrape wet soil without waiting for it to dry. Scrapers can thus be
used as an all-rounder machine in the agriculture, construction and mining
industries.
Scrapers remove layers of earth by dropping a horizontal blade from their trailer –
also called bowl – into the soil below. When a scraper moves forward the blade
scrapes the material into the bowl.
Types of Scrapers
Elevating scraper
These scrapers can remove, mix and homogenise soil, and complete fine
finished work. These are best for clay, topsoil and sand. They’re fitted with
conveyor belts which mix the material into the bowl, where it is stirred up.
Tandem vibratory rollers have two steel drum, one at the front axle and other at
the rear end. Roller has vibration and drives on both the drums. This roller
compact freshly placed asphalt mats to specific densities using two steel drums
that vibrate to consolidate the material.
iii. Combination Roller:
Combination roller has vibrating drum on the front axle and pneumatic tyres at
the rear end. This compaction method is used to achieve maximum density and
smoothness, while compacting asphalt road and semi-cohesive material. This
roller is most suitable for bituminous work.
The sheepsfoot compactors or rollers are of a vibration and static type roller
for compaction of soil with a mixture of all fine-grained clay and sand-gravel.
A sheepsfoot roller has almost hoof like structures protruding from a roller to
provide pinpoint pressure all across the soil. Protruding studs on the drum is
similar to a sheepsfoot, which provides a kneading action.
The teeth size slightly varies from one sheepsfoot roller to another, depending on
the specifications of different manufacturers.
Sheep foot roller is also known as tamping rollers or pad foot rollers, which have
many rectangular-shaped lugs or feet.
In road construction works the sheep foot roller is very good for compacting
soil and silty clay. The resulting compaction of such soils by sheepsfoot roller is
probably well for other types of machinery at low moisture content soil.
7. Trenchers
Types of trenchers
Trenchers come in different sizes and may use different digging implements,
depending on the required width and depth of the trench and the hardness of the
surface to be cut.
i. Wheel trencher
8. Backhoes
A backhoe—also called rear actor or back actor—is a type of excavating
equipment, or digger, consisting of a digging bucket on the end of a two-part
articulated arm.
It is typically mounted on the back of a tractor or front loader, the latter forming a
"backhoe loader"
9. Tippers
A tipper is a heavy duty truck chassis fitted with an open-top body, used for
carrying aggregate, crushed rock, soil and other bulk materials to and from
construction sites.
The body tips up to deposit material, and the hinged tailgate is either one-piece
(on aggregate/muckaway tippers) or two-piece (on asphalt tippers).
The asphalt tippers have a two-piece tailgate to help control the dropping of
asphalt into an asphalt paver hopper, and make sure the remaining asphalt in the
body does not cool.
The two-piece tailgate is often opened by an air cylinder so the driver does not
have to leave his cab on the dangerous construction site.
REFERENCES
1. https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Types_of_roller
2. https://www.sanyamerica.com/products/motor-graders/smg200c-8/
3. https://tractors.fandom.com/wiki/Crawler_tractor
4. https://www.constructionkenya.com/
5. https://famio.co.ke/
6. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trencher_(machine)
7. https://gharpedia.com/blog/explain-vibratory-roller-compaction-
equipments/