NAME: AKSHAT KUMAR

DEPARTMENT: COMPUTER SCIENCE AND

ENGINEERING

SUBJECT: COMPUTER ORGANIZATION

SEMESTER: 3RD SEMESTER

YEAR: 2ND YEAR

ROLL NO:

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NUMBER SYSTEM (CONTENT)
1. INTRODUCTION
2. ABSTRACT
3. NUMBER SYSTEM AND ITS TYPES
4. CONVERSION OF NUMBER SYSTEM
5. DIAGRAM OF NUMBER SYSTEM
6. FUN FACTS
7. SOLVED QUESTIONS
8. CONCLUSION AND REFERENCES

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 ABSTRACT
A number system describes how values are stored and
retrieved from and entered into a computer’s memory.
Numbers’ last digit is always equal to base minus (-) one (1).
For example, in the decimal number system, the base is 10,
whose minimum value is 0, and the maximum value is 9. We
use words and characters to communicate with each
other. There is no way to handle this type of data on
computers. When we enter data into a computer, the data is,
converted to an electronic pulse.
A Number system is a method of showing numbers by writing,
which is a mathematical way of representing the numbers of a
given set, by using the numbers or symbols in a mathematical
manner. The writing system for denoting numbers using digits
or symbols in a logical manner is defined as a Number system.
The number system or the numeral system is the system
of naming or representing numbers.
We know that a number is a mathematical value that
helps to count or measure objects and it helps in
performing various mathematical calculations.
There are different types of number systems in Maths
like decimal number system, binary number system, octal
number system, and hexadecimal number system.
In this article, we are going to learn what is a number
system in Maths, different types, and conversion
procedures with many numbers system examples in
detail.

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INTRODUCTION
Numbers used in mathematics are mostly decimal number systems. In the
decimal number system, digits used are from 0 to 9 and base 10 is used.

. There are many types of numbers in decimal number system, below are
some of the types of numbers mentioned,
Numbers that are represented on the right side of the zero are
termed Positive Numbers.

Whole Numbers are basically the Natural Numbers, but they also
include ‘zero’. Whole numbers are represented by the symbol W.

Integers are the collection of Whole Numbers plus the negative

values of the Natural Numbers.

Rational numbers are the numbers that can be represented in the

fraction form i.e. a/b.

All the numbers other than Prime Numbers are termed

as Composite Numbers except 0. Zero is neither prime nor a
composite number.

Types of Number Systems

Based on the base value and the number of allowed digits, number systems
are of many types. The four common types of Number System are:
• Decimal Number System
• Binary Number System
• Octal Number System
• Hexadecimal Number System

Number system with a base value of 10 is termed a Decimal number system.

It uses 10 digits i.e. 0-9 for the creation of numbers.

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Number System with base value 2 is termed as Binary number system. It
uses 2 digits i.e. 0 and 1 for the creation of numbers.

Octal Number System is one in which the base value is 8. It uses 8 digits i.e.
0-7 for the creation of Octal Numbers.
Number System with base value 16 is termed as Hexadecimal Number
System. It uses 16 digits for the creation of its numbers.

HEXADECI
MAL 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F

1 1 1 1 1 1
DECIMAL 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5

IN NUMBER SYSTEM THE WORD ASCII DEFINES

Alphabets, punctuations, symbols, etc are also an important part of the
computer language which it needs to handle. The set of English language
that computer uses has alphanumeric codes, the numeric equivalent of each
alphabet that includes –

• 26 upper case letters

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 • 26 lower case letters
• 10 digits
• 7 punctuation marks
• 20 to 40 special characters
American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) is a common
numeric code used globally and has 128 possible codes.

ISCII
The Indian Script Code for Information Interchange is to support the Indian
languages on devices that include Devanagari, Tamil, Bangla, Telugu,
.
Unicode
An international coding system with different language scripts is Unicode. A
unique numeric value is there for every symbol and every script has an
encoding system as well.

The number system is an essential part of computer technology enabling

computers to perform all functions in just a few seconds.

Computer aptitude for beginners has this topic as part of the fundamentals
that appear in many competitive exams in India.

Besides numerical data, computer must be able to handle alphabets, punctuation

marks, mathematical operators, special symbols, etc. that form the complete
character set of English language. The complete set of characters or symbols are
called alphanumeric codes. The complete alphanumeric code typically includes −

• 26 upper case letters

• 26 lower case letters
• 10 digits
• 7 punctuation marks
• 20 to 40 special characters

Decimal numbers can be converted to binary by repeated division of the number by

2 while recording the remainder. Let’s take an example to see how this happens.

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The remainders are to be read from bottom to top to obtain the binary equivalent.
4310 = 1010112

Decimal to Octal
Decimal numbers can be converted to octal by repeated division of the number by 8
while recording the remainder. Let’s take an example to see how this happens.

Reading the remainders from bottom to top,

47310 = 7318

Decimal to Hexadecimal
Decimal numbers can be converted to octal by repeated division of the number by 16
while recording the remainder. Let’s take an example to see how this happens.

Binary to Octal and Vice Versa

To convert a binary number to octal number, these steps are followed −
• Starting from the least significant bit, make groups of three bits.

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If there are one or two bits less in making the groups, 0s can be added
after the most significant bit.

Binary to Hexadecimal
To convert a binary number to hexadecimal number, these steps are followed −
• Starting from the least significant bit, make groups of four bits.
• If there are one or two bits less in making the groups, 0s can be added
after the most significant bit.
• Convert each group into its equivalent octal number.
Let’s take an example to understand this.

•
THE NUMBER SYSTEM HOW IT SHOWS THE ABOVE GIVEN BINARY

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Fun Facts

1. The decimal number system is also called the Hindu–Arabic numeral

system.

2. Anthropologists hypothesize that the decimal system was the most

commonly used number system, due to humans having five fingers on each
hand, and ten in both.

n a number system, these numbers are used as digits. 0 and 1 are the
most common digits in the number system, that are used to represent
binary numbers.

A number is a mathematical value used for counting or measuring or

labelling objects.

Numbers are used to performing arithmetic calculations. Examples of

numbers are natural numbers, whole numbers, rational and irrational
numbers, etc

. 0 is also a number that represents a null value.

A number has many other variations such as even and odd numbers,
prime and composite numbers.

Even and odd terms are used when a number is divisible by 2 or not,
whereas prime and composite differentiate between the numbers that
have only two factors and more than two factors, respectively.

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Number System Solved Examples
Example 1:
Convert (1056)16 to an octal number.
Solution:
Given, 105616 is a hex number.
First we need to convert the given hexadecimal number into decimal number
(1056)16
= 1 × 163 + 0 × 162 + 5 × 161 + 6 × 160
= 4096 + 0 + 80 + 6
= (4182)10
Now we will convert this decimal number to the required octal number by repetitively dividing by
8.

8 4182 Remainder

8 522 6

8 65 2

8 8 1

8 1 0

0 1
Therefore, taking the value of the remainder from bottom to top, we get;
(4182)10 = (10126)8
Therefore,
(1056)16 = (10126)8

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Number System Conversion
Numbers can be represented in any of the number system
categories like binary, decimal, hexadecimal, etc.

Also, any number which is represented in any of the number

system types can be easily converted to another.

Check the detailed lesson on the conversions of number

systems.

With the help of the different conversion procedures explained

above, now let us discuss in brief about the conversion of one
number system to the other number system by taking a random
number.

Assume the number 349. Thus, the number 349 in different

number systems is as follows:

The number 349 in the binary number system is 101011101

The number 349 in the decimal number system is 349.

The number 349 in the octal number system is 535.

The number 349 in the hexadecimal number system is 15D

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Computer Numeral System (Number System in
Computers)

When we type any letter or word, the computer

translates them into numbers since computers can
understand only numbers.

A computer can understand only a few symbols called

digits and these symbols describe different values
depending on the position they hold in the number.

In general, the binary number system is used in

computers.

However, the octal, decimal and hexadecimal systems

are also used sometimes.

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CONCLUSION
As while I was writing the report writing I came to know that number
system is very much interesting and I can learn many more things in
that topic in which number system has many properties and which is
very useful to convert the number system into the binary system.

In this report writing I have mentioned the many topics that will help
us and many people reading the report I have collected many raw
data and raw details through internet sources and many more sites.

In this chapter the challenges has been faced to convert the number
system into the binary number system.

The definition has been done in that way which will help
understanding the topics.

A number system describes how values are stored and

retrieved from and entered into a computer’s memory.

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REFERENCES
www.tutorialspoint.com

www.geeksforgeeks.org

www.includehelp.com

www.javatpoint.com/number-systems

www.vedantu.com

www.cuemath.com

www.educba.com

www.splashlearn.com

testbook.com

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