Animal Transport System 1

Animal Transport System
• The transport systems ensure that

essential materials needed by the body
are properly circulated and waste
products are disposed of.
• In one-celled organism, like protists
(Amoeba) or bacteria, oxygen and
other substances from the outside
environment can easily pass through
its body and it can reach the center of
the cell very rapidly by simple
diffusion or active transport.
• Waste materials diffuse across the cell
membrane and out to the
environment.
• Does not need a more organized
transport system.
• In multicellular organisms, such as
animals, plants, and humans, oxygen
and food materials need to be
distributed to the cells and wastes
need to be removed with sufficient
speed.
• Need a more advanced transport
system to carry substances from one
part of the body to another.
• The body of the cnidarian, such as a
Hydra, jellyfish, and most flatworms
(Planaria), are only two cell layers
thick, which are in direct contact with
either the outside environment or its
gastrovascular cavity.
• Their central gastrovascular cavity
serves for both digestion and
distribution of important substances
within its body.
• It’s body wall can allow the cells to
exchange materials directly from the
water and into its gastrovascular
cavity due to its short distance.
• Materials are exchanged directly
between the fluid in the body cavity
and its body cells.
• In Planaria, the movement of the
animal helps it to stream fluid to its
central cavity in which the material
can diffuse easily into and out of its
cells.
• Both the cnidarian and the planarian
have no blood. Their fluid is mixed
with respiratory gases, nutrients, and
other substances that are ingested
from the outside environment.
• Two basic types of circulatory
systems have emerged:
1. Open circulatory system
2. Closed circulatory system
• 1. Open circulatory system
This is true to most invertebrates,
such as mollusks and arthropods.
• The fluid is pumped through open-
ended vessels and transported among
the cells with no distinction of
between the circulating fluid (blood)
and the interstitial fluid (hemolymph)
• Example, in grasshoppers, they have
tubular heart, a muscular tube that
pumps hemolymph though a
network of channels into chambers
and drains back to the central cavity
2. Closed circulatory system
Higher forms of organisms, such
such as complex invertebrates and
vertebrates.
• The blood is confined within blood
vessels separated from the interstitial
fluid. Different blood vessels move
the blood away from the heart, body
organs and tissues.
• Blood circulates in one direction and
passes through the animal’s respiratory
system.
• In annelids, such as e arthw o rm s they
possess the simplest closed circulatory
system that consists of two main
blood vessels connected to a series of
heart-like structures called ao rtic
arc he s.
• Blood flows into a series of smaller
branching blood vessels that leads to
internal organs and tissues of annelids
where exchange of materials occurs
across the thin walls of the capillaries.
• In fish, the heart has two main
chambers organized into rows.
• Single circulation
-blood travels through the fish’s
heart only once in each complete
circuit.
• Amphibians, such as frogs,
salamanders, and toads, have a three-
chambered heart that consists of one
ventricle and two atria.
• Pulmocutaneous circuit.
Mammalian Circulatory
System
• In humans, the closed circulatory
system is also known as cardiovascular
system
• Consisting of heart, blood and blood
vessels that carry blood to every part
of the body and the lymphatic
systems.
• The fluids include the blood and the
lymph
• The main function is to carry oxygen
and nutrients to every cell of the body
and to remove carbon dioxide and
other wastes from the same cells.
1. Transportation
- Transports three types of
substances essential for cellular
metabolism in the following forms:
respiratory (oxygen and carbon
dioxide), nutritive (nutrients in the
form of molecule), and excretory
(metabolic wastes such as excess water
and ions).
2. Regulation
- Transports hormones and
participates in heart regulation.
3. Protection
- Protects our body from injury
during blood clotting and plays a
role in the immune defense against
toxins and pathogenic organisms.
The heart
The blood
• The blood is a collection of cells in the
form of fluid by which oxygen and
nutrients reach the body’s cell and waste
materials are carried away.
• There are three types of cellular
components suspended in the plasma
of the blood.
1. RBC
2. WBC
Blood vessels
• There are three types of blood
vessels which are responsible for the
transport of blood and its
components.
1. Arteries
2. Veins
3. Cappilaries
Blood circulation
• Divided into two parts:
1. Pulmonary
2. Systemic

Animal Transport System 1

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Animal Transport System

• The transport systems ensure that

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