Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
National Capital Region
DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS
MANILA

TECHNICAL
DRAFTING
ARCHITECTURAL
LAYOUT AND
DETAILS
Most Essential Lesson
Grades 9

QUARTER 1 WEEK 2 MODULE 2

Set Up Tools Materials and Equipment

Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Standard
Basic Mensuration and Calculation
Scaling and Dimensioning

1
 HOW DO YOU USE THIS MODULE?

Before starting the module, I want you to set aside other tasks that will disturb you
while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below to successfully enjoy the
objectives of this kit. Have fun!

1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page of
this module.

2. Write on your notebook the concepts about the lessons. Writing enhances
learning, that is important to develop and keep in mind.

3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.

4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers using the answer

keycard.

5. Analyze conceptually the post test and apply what you have learned.

6. Enjoy studying!

PARTS OF THE MODULE

1. Expectations - These are what you will be able to know after completing the
lessons in the module.

2. Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be
mastered throughout the lesson.

3. Looking Back - This section will measure what learnings and skills that you
understand from the previous lesson.

4. Brief Introduction- This section will give you an overview of the lesson

5. Activities - These are activities designed to develop critical thinking and other
competencies. This can be done with or without a partner depending on
the nature of the activity

6. Remember - This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the

lessons.

7. Checking your Understanding - It will verify how you learned from the lesson

8. Post Test – This will Measure how much you have learned from the
entire module

1
LESSON 2 – SET UP TOOLS MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENTS

LO1 – Observe Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Standard

LO 2 – Perform Basic Mensuration and Calculation
LO 3 – Perform Dimensioning and Scaling

EXPECTATIONS

At the end of this Lesson, you are expected to do the following:

• Observe Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) in preparation and setting

up Tools Materials and equipment for Drawing based on the Job
requirements
• Perform Mensuration and Calculation

Conversation of Metric to English and vice versa

Fraction to Decimal and vice versa
Rounding of Numbers
• Perform Uses of English and Metric Scale
• Apply Methods and Kinds of Dimension
https://www.slideshare.net/NormanPolilin/performing-mensuration-and-calculatio

2
 PRETEST

Direction: Multiple Choices. Read and understand sentences carefully and choose
the letter of the best answer.

1. It is a multidisciplinary practice dealing with all aspects of health and safety in the
workplace, with a strong focus on preventing workplace hazards.
A. Accident Prevention Signs and Symbols B. Occupational Health and Safety
C. Personal Protective Equipment D. Standard Operating Procedure
2. What OHS standard is required and reinforced in civil law and/or criminal law?
A. Economic B. Legal
C. Moral D. Safety
3. These standards are designed to ensure the safety of products, activities or
processes and others.
A. Economic standards B. Health standards
C. Legal standards D. safety standards
4. It is an established measure; an accurate type; an authoritative model as an example or
comparison
A. Aid B. Mensuration
C. Standards D. Workplace
5. It refers to doing things spontaneously without being told or ordered.
A. Self – control B. Self – discipline
C. Self – made D. Self – study
6. The sure way to keep a safe workplace preventing accidents and injuries save
space, time and materials is ________.
A. Accident prevention B. Good housekeeping
C. Standard procedure D. Workplace hazards
7. It is a graduated measurement to allow production of a drawing to any size desired.
A. Meter stick B. Ruler
C. Scale D. Zigzag rule
8. It is the placing of sizes and related information on a drawing.
A. Calculating B. Dimensioning
C. Measuring D. Scaling
9. It is a system of measurement based on the meter.
A. English system B. Graduated system
C. Metric system D. Working system
10. It is the act of measuring.
A. Calculation B. Dimension
C. Graduation D. Mensuration

3
LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON:

VISUAL THINKING – IDENTIFY THE USES OF DRAWING MATERIALS GIVEN ON THE PICTURES

BRIEF INTRODUCTION

LO1 – Setting up Materials, Tools and Equipment and Observe Standard Operating
Procedure (SOP) and Occupational Health and Safety (OHS)

In preparation for a required task in setting up materials, tools and equipment

in Technical Drafting, the student should be able to plan, prepare and select for a
particular drawing activity to ensure the correct standard operating procedure as well
as practice occupational health and safety. Considering the cost and value, it is
important to take care and maintain the tools usability.

LO2 – Perform Basic Mensuration and Calculation

Learning the basic mensuration and calculation is part of the need to execute
drawings accurately that is up to the measurement standard. Conversion of English system
to Metric, Fractions to Decimal and vice versa and round off numbers are also necessary.

LO3 – Perform Dimensioning and Scaling

Applying Dimensioning and Scaling in Technical Drawing will develop the

students’ ability to measure distances accurately and show the different proportion
presentation of object drawing.

1
TOPIC:

LO1 – Setting up Materials, Tools and Equipment and Observe Occupational Health
and Safety (OHS)

OBJECTIVE:

1. Observe OHS and SOP policies in setting up materials tools and equipment
In Technical Drafting
2. Observe other important practices in the work station/place

LEARNING CONTENT:

1. Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) - is a multidisciplinary practice dealing

with all aspects of health and safety in the work place.

2. Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) – rules, pointers and considerations on

the proper care, use handling of materials, tools and equipment and the safety
measures of the students/workers and the workplace.

3. Safety Standard – designed to ensure safety of the products activities or

processes and others

4. Standard - any established measure; an accurate type; an authoritative model

as an example or comparison

Acronyms:
OHSC – Occupational Health and Safety Commission
OHSS – Occupational Health and Safety Standards
PPE – Personal Protective Equipment

OHS Standards
1. Moral – a person's standards of behavior or beliefs concerning
what is and is not acceptable for them to do

2. Economic – human welfare in terms of production, distribution and

consumption of goods and services

3. Legal – occupational health and safety requirement reinforced in civil

law and/or criminal law

Good Housekeeping – is one of the sure ways to keep a safe workplace preventing
accident and injuries, saves space, time and materials

2
WHAT DO YOU NEED TO KNOW?

Japanese Productivity Philosophy Methodology of the 5S

1. Seiri (Sorting) – take out unnecessary items and dispose

2. Seiton (Set in Order) – everything should be in its place

3. Seiso (Sweeping) – take time to clean up your work space and any mess
made after use

3
 4. Seiketsu (Standardizing) – maintain high standard of housekeeping

5. Shitsuke (Sustaining) – do things spontaneously without being told or

ordered

WHAT DO YOU NEED TO KNOW?

Before the Start of the Drafting Activity:

1. Select materials, tools and equipment needed in the assigned task

2. Properly set up the required tools and materials in a place convenient for you
to move and execute your work
3. Clean the table and tools, see to it that these are free from dust and other
elements that would cause damage to your work
4. Wash your hands with clean water

4
Activity Proper:

1. Perform the activity by following the standard operating procedure per job
requirement
2. Properly manipulate all the tools and equipment that are used in the activity
3. In case of errors or mistakes along the way (for instance misprinting of lines,
letters and other forms of mistakes) use appropriate eraser

After the Activity:

1. Submit output for checking

2. Check all tools and materials to ensure that nothing is lost
3. Return the tools and materials to the tool keeper
4. Withdraw your borrower’s card from the tool keeper and signed out that you
have returned the borrowed tools and materials on time
5. Clean you work station before leaving

Other Important Practices that must be Observed in the Work Station/Place

1. Observe safety precautions:

a. never smoke inside the work station
b. never use any tools and equipment without having it cleaned first
c. avoid talking with your co-students during working period
d. always turn off the lights, air condition, ceiling/wall/stand fan, computer
units and other equipment after use and before leaving the work station
e. use tool and equipment properly

2. Observe punctuality of attendance

3. Observe and practice the value of respect

4. Avoid quarreling with your co – students

5. Observe and practice proper disposal of waste

5
ACTIVITY 1

Directions: List down some of the pointers and considerations that should be done
before, during and after the activity in preparation for the required task in
your own words of understanding the lesson. Use a separate sheet of
paper.

A. Before the start of technical drafting activity

B. During the technical drafting activity
C. After the technical drafting activity proper

Remember:

OHS Aim
1. Promote and maintain the highest degree of physical, mental and social well being
of workers
2. Place and maintain workers in an environment suitable to physiological and
psychological capabilities
3. Protect workers from risk and factors adverse to health
4. Prevent workers from resigning due to health issues caused by poor working
conditions

OHS Workplace Regulations

1. The place, equipment and furnishings maintained in thoroughly safe, clean and
hygienic condition and in good repair
2. Keep place free from rodents, cockroaches and other vermin
3. Provide adequate facilities for hand washing, cleaning and disposing of waste
4. Establish proper procedures for infection control
5. Keep the floor area free from waste, water and grease
6. Keep cabinets dry, clean and close tightly

6
Checking Your Understanding:

A. List down the OHS Standard

1.

2.

3.

B. Identify the (Japanese) 5S in Good Housekeeping

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

C. Name other important practices observed in the workplace/station.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

7
TOPIC:

LO2 – Basic Mensuration and Calculation

OBJECTIVE:

1. Identify measuring tools in every job requirements

2. Learn conversion of English to Metric system of measurement

3. Demonstrate how to round off decimal numbers

LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON:

Identify the pictures and its functions

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_drawing_tool

Safety Practices

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/650699846130430203/

8
LEARNING CONTENT

Other Types of Measuring Tools

Caliper Meter stick Pull-push rule Try Square Zig-zag rule

Caliper – used for measuring diameter

Meter stick – a measuring device which is one meter in length
Pull-push rule – used for measuring long pieces of stock
Try Square – used for checking flatness and squareness
Zigzag rule – a folded measure
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_drawing_tool

TWO SYSTEM OF MEASUREMENTS

1. English system – originated from England also known as the US customary

system of measurement.
2. Metric system – developed in France also known as the I S (International
Standard)
A. Unit of Measures – Linear Measurement
ENGLISH METRIC
Yard (yd) Meter (m)
Foot (ft) Decimeter 1/10
Inch (in) Centimeter 1/100
Millimeter 1/1000
B. Reading of Measurements
Reading the inch – the inch is divided into segments called graduations.
Each graduation represents a measurement in a form of a proper fraction.
The inch can be divided into 16,8,4,and 2 equal parts. (English system)

Note: The illustration is not the actual length of an inch.

9
 Reading the centimeter and millimeter – a centimeter is divided into
segments called millimeter 1/10 (metric system of measurements)

Calculation – the act or process of or result of calculation

Graduation – scale of a measuring tool
Mensuration – art or act of measuring

C. Converting Fractions to Decimal

Fraction – number expressed as a quotient of two other numbers.

In converting fractions number to decimals number, divide the numerator by its
denominator whether it is proper, improper or mixed fraction

Examples:

2/5 = 0.4 11/3 = 3.66 2 ½ = 0.5

10
Standard – serves as a measure of reference.

D. Converting Decimal to Fractions

Decimal – number expressed in a counting system that uses units of 10.
A decimal is changed to fraction by using 10 or any power of 10 as denominator of
the given decimal, then change to the lowest term when possible.

Examples:

A. 0.4 = 4 or 2 B. 0.25 = 25 or 1 C. 0.328 = 328 or 82 or 41

10 5 100 4 1000 250 125

E. Rounding Off Decimals

Metric measurements in decimals are often long numbers. They must often be
rounded to a convenient number of digits.

Rules in Rounding Off Decimals

1. If the first number to be eliminated is less than 5, simply drop it (and the number
to the right of it) and let the last significant digit stand.

Examples:
Round off 25.4 mm to whole millimeter solution: Simply drop the 4 answer: 25
Round off 0.3125 (5/16) into two significant digits
solution: first number to be eliminated is 2 simply drop it and all the numbers to its
right (5) answer: 0.31

2. If the number to be eliminated is 5 or more, drop the number then add one to the
last digit retained.

11
 Examples:

Round off 78.6 into its nearest ones.

Solution: the number to be rounded off is 6 which is greater than 5, drop 6 and
add to the last digit retained. answer: 79
Round off 92.65 into its nearest tenths.
solution: The number to be rounded off is 5, drop 5 and add 1 to 6 which is the
last digit retained. answer: 92.7

ACTIVITY 2

Directions: Convert the following. Use a sheet of intermediate paper.

A. Fractions to Decimal
1. 7/16 2. 1/5 3. 3/8 4. 4/32 5. 3/4

B. Decimal to Fractions
1. 0.333 2. 0.8333 3. 0.1250 4. 0.3125 5. 0.5000

C. Rounding off numbers to nearest hundredths

1. 7.2532 2. 41.009 3. 8.6235 4. 13.7556 5. 38.61

REMEMBER:

The two system of measurements are English system divided into segments
called graduations. Units are fraction numbers and usually used by Architects while
the other one is Metric System units in decimal numbers and commonly used by
Engineers.
Fraction numbers can be changed to decimal numbers by dividing numerator to its
denominator. Changed decimal to fraction by using 10 or any power of 10 as
denominator of the given decimal, then change to the lowest term when possible.
Rounding decimal numbers to nearest tens or hundreds lower than five no changes five
above drop the number and add 1 to last digit retained.

Performance Standards
1. Conversion results of fraction to decimal are accurate up to 2 decimal place.
2.Conversion results of decimal to fraction are accurate to the nearest standard
measurement

CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING:

A. Match the following column A with column B. Write the letter only.
A B
1. Calculation a.number expressed as a quotient of two other numbers.
2. Caliper b.number expressed in a counting system that uses units of 10.
3. Decimal c.the act or process of or result of calculation
4. Fraction d.scale of measuring tool
5. Graduation e.used for measuring diameter
12
B. Solve the following:

1. 15 cms. = inches 2. 50 ft = meter

C. Change fraction to decimal Change decimal to fraction Round off numbers

3. 7/8 = 4. 0.150 = 5. 47.008 =

TOPIC:

LO 3 – Scaling and Dimensioning

OBJECTIVE:

1. Identify different kinds of scale and commonly used scale

2. Learn the kinds and method of dimensioning
3. Apply the commonly used scale and dimensions in drawing

LOOKING BACK:

Describe the pictures given

LEARNING CONTENT:

Scale – a graduated measurement to allow production of a drawing to any size desired.

Proportion – size or distance in comparison to another.
Proportion scale – A scale for measuring distances for drawings

13
The Scale

In drafting, architecture and engineering the term scale has two meanings. A scale
is a dimension that represents the structure shown in a plan. A scale is also a ruler used
in drawing and measuring architectural and engineering plans.
A measuring tool used for enlarging or decreasing the size of a drawing. There are
two types of scale the metric scale (engineers scale) and the English scale
(architect scale)
To scale a drawing by hand, start by measuring the width and height of the
object you'll be scaling. Next, choose a ratio to resize your drawing, such as 2 to 1 to
double the image in size. Then, multiply your measurements by the first number in your
ratio to increase the size.
https://www.google.com/search?q=different+kinds+english+metric+scale&rlz=1C1GGRV_enPH785PH78
5&sxsrf

Architect Scale Engineer Scale Metric Scale

https://www.amazon.com/Aluminum-Triangular-Metric-Scale-Ruler/dp/B004QJVNTS

Drafting Scale Rulers Read Architectural & Engineering Drawings in Inch & Metric

Architectural scales units are based on foot/inch dimensions. Floor plan drawings
are usually drawn to the scale of 1/4" = 1'-0". For a very large plan, a scale of 1/8" = 1'-
0" may be used. When drawing a small plan or a single room, scales of 3/8" = 1'-0", 1/2"
= 1'-0", 3/4" = 1'-0", or 1" = 1'-0" may be used to fit the size of your drawing format.

Engineers Scales units of measure are equal to parts per inch and parts per foot.
The most common graduations are 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 parts per inch, but there are
scalesavailable that have 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 parts per foot. The graduations
vary based on the application. An engineer’s scale is the representation of the scale used
in drawing on the drawing sheet numerically. For example, if the length of the drawing is
5 cm and the actual length is 10m, then it is numerically represented as 5cm = 10m.

14
 Metric Engineering Scales - metric scale measurements is the standard. Used in
meters (m) and millimeters (mm). One meter is slightly larger than one yard. A millimeter
is 1/1000 of a meter. Metric scales are usually based on ratios. A ratio is the relationship
of one measurement to another. For example, metric plot plans are often drafted in ratios
of 1:100. This scale is very close to the scale 1/8" 1'-0" (1:96). Metric floor plans are
drawn in a ratio of 1:50. This is very close to a scale of 1/4" = 1'-0" (1:48). Construction
details may be drawn to metric scales of 1:20, 1:10, or 1:5. It should be noted that all
dimensions in metric dimensions are in millimeters.
Therefore, it is not necessary to use the symbol mm.

Graphical Scale = used in survey maps drawn on the drawing. When the drawing
ages, the engineer’s scale shrinks and may not give accurate results. Hence graphical
scale is used as the drawing shrinks, the scale will also shrink.

https://www.google.com/search?q=different+kinds+english+metric+scale&rlz=1C1GGRV_enPH785PH78
5&sxsrf

Commonly Used Scale

1. Full-Size Scale – has a ratio of 1:1 his means 1mm on the drawing represents 1mm of
the actual object. The views on the drawing paper are the same as those of the actual
object
2. Reduced Scale (Scaled Down) – has a ratio of 1:2 this means that 1mm on the
drawing represents 2mm on the actual object. The actual object is twice the size of the
drawing.
3. Enlarging scale - the drawing is drawn with the bigger dimensions in comparison to
the actual dimensions of the object. A representative fraction of 1:0.2 means 5:1, i.e. the
drawing is five times bigger than the actual object. Hence the scale is enlarging scale.
https://www.google.com/search?q=different+kinds+english+metric+scale&rlz

https://www.google.com/search?q=scale+drawing&rlz=1C1GGRV

15
DIMENSIONING
Dimension – measurable extent such as length, thickness and width.
Dimensioning – process of placing sizes/measurements and related information on a
drawing either in Metric or English system

Size Dimension – gives the detail and overall sizes of the object

Location Dimension – merely locates part or parts and features of the object

METHODS OF DIMENSIONING

1. Aligned method – all dimensions are placed aligned with the dimension line and be
read from either the bottom or right side of the paper.

2. Unidirectional method – all dimensions are read from the bottom of the page as
illustrated. This is a new method.

Example:

https://images.app.goo.gl/CgTZkDivhzFrRfBT8

16
 KINDS OF DIMENSIONS

1. Over – all dimension – every object regardless of its shape, has three over - all
dimension. An over- all dimension indicates the over – all width, height and depth
of an object.

2. Detail dimension – provide size or location information concerning any feature or

object other than its over – all dimension.

https://images.app.goo.gl/CgTZkDivhzFrRfBT8

RULES IN DIMENSIONING

ACTIVITY 3
A. Identify the following scale and give their differences. Write down your answer
on a ½ sheet crosswise intermediate paper.

17
 https://www.google.com/search?q=different+kinds+english+metric+scale&rlz

B. Apply the two kinds and method of dimension on the following given drawing.
Use another sheet of A-4 size of bond paper

https://www.google.com/search?q=method+and+kinds+of+dimension+drawing&tbm

RULES IN DIMENSIONING

1. Dimensions should be placed between views

2. Avoid repetition of dimensions

3. Use outside dimensions if the space is limited, and use an inside dimension if there
is enough space

4. Continuous dimensions should be used whenever possible

5. Staggered dimensioning may be used when the space for dimensioning is limited

6. When dimensioning a circle, it should be from center to center.

7. Dimensions without measures are entered in millimeters

8. Extension line must have a distance of about 10mm from the object edge and
approximately 2 millimeters between dimension lines.

18
REMEMBER:
Scale is used to enlarge, decrease in size or for drawing in full or actual size
Architectural or Engineering plans, regardless of what kind of plan is presented. The
commonly used kind of scale are: English (Architect’s scale) whose units are in fraction
numbers and Metric system (Engineer’s scale) with units in decimal numbers.Knowing what
scale to use should be applied when applying Dimensions in a drawing.
Dimensioning is important for the process of placing sizes/measurements and related
information on a drawing either in Metric or English system. That in dimensioning you can
choose between align or unidirectional method in detail or over-all dimension Provided you
observe some rules in dimensioning.

CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING

1. What is the type of scale in which the representative fraction is 1:1?
A. Enlarged scale
B. Reduced scale
C. Full size scale
D. Graphical scale

2. Which of the following representative fraction depicts an enlarging scale?

A) 1:0.2
B) 1:2
C) 1:3
D) 1:1

3. Which of the following is a reducing scale?

A) 3:2
B) 1:3
C) 1:1
D) 1:0.4

4. Which of the following scale is used in surveying maps?

A. Engineer’s scale
B. Diagonal scale
C. Graphical scale
D. Vernier scale

5. A scale which is numerically represented on the drawing sheet is called a

A)Graphical scale
B)Engineer’s
scale
C)Reducing scale
D)Fullsize scale

https://www.sanfoundry.com/engineering-drawing-questions-answers-types-scales-1/

19
POST TEST

Direction: Multiple Choices. Read and understand sentences carefully and choose
the letter of the best answer.

1. It is the placing of sizes and related information on a drawing

A. Calculating B. Dimensioning
C. Measuring D. Scaling
2. It is a system of measurement based on the meter.
A. English system B. Graduated system
C. Metric system D. Working system
3. It is an established measure; an accurate type; an authoritative model as an
exemplar comparison
A. Aid B. Mensuration
C. Standards D. Workplace
4. The sure way to keep a safe workplace, preventing accidents and injuries to
save space, time and materials.
A. Accident prevention B. Good housekeeping
C. Standard procedure D. Workplace hazards
5. It is the act of measuring.
A. Calculation B. Dimension
C. Graduation D. Mensuration
6. It refers to doing things spontaneously without being told or ordered.
A. Self – control B. Self – discipline
C. Self – made D. Self – study
7. It is a graduated measurement that allows production of a drawing to any desired
size.
A. Meter stick B. Ruler
C. Scale D. Zigzag rule
8. Is a multidisciplinary practice dealing with all aspects of health and safety in the
workplace, with a strong focus on preventing workplace hazards.
A. Accident Prevention Signs and Symbols B. Occupational Health and Safety
C. Personal Protective Equipment D. Standard Operating Procedure
9. It is an OHS standard that is required and reinforced in civil law and/or criminal law.
A. Economic B. Legal
C. Moral D. Safety
10. Standards that are designed to ensure the safety of products, activities or
processes and others.
A. Economic standards B. Health standards
C. Legal standards D. safety standards

20
KEY TO CORRECTION:
Pre-Test PostTest

1. B 6. B 1. B 6. B
2. B 7. C 2. C 7. C
3. D 8. B 3. C 8. B
4. C 9. C 4. B 9. B
5. B 10. D 5. D 10. D

21
View Answer

2. Answer is C
Explanation: A full size scale is a type of scale in which the length of the drawing and the
actual length of the object is of the ratio 1:1. Hence by definition, its representative fraction
is 1:1. In full size scale, the drawing is drawn with the actual measurements

3. Answer is A
Explanation: Enlarging scale means that the drawing is drawn with the bigger dimensions
in comparison to the actual dimensions of the object. A representative fraction of 1:0.2
means 5:1, i.e. the drawing is five times bigger than the actual object. Hence the scale is
enlarging scale.

4. Answer is B
Explanation: The representative fraction 1:3 indicates that the dimension of the drawing is
one-third of the actual object. Since the drawing is smaller than the actual object, this type
of scale is called a reducing scale.

5. Answer is C
Explanation: Graphical scales are used in survey maps. The graphical scale is drawn on
the drawing. When the drawing ages, the engineer’s scale shrinks and may not give
accurate results. Hence graphical scale is used as the drawing shrinks, the scale will also
shrink.

6. Answer is B
Explanation: An engineer’s scale is the representation of the scale used in drawing on the
drawing sheet numerically. For example, if the length of the drawing is 5 cm and the actual
length is 10m, then it is numerically represented as 5cm = 10m.
https://www.slideshare.net/drafting/elements-and-principles-of-mechanical
Acknowledgement
This learning Module 2 Week 2 Quarter 1 was developed for the TLE –TE
Technical Drafting Architectural Layout and Details as the most essential lesson
for Grade 9 students of the k to 12 Curriculum with the assistance of the
following persons:
Development Team of the Module
Writer: VICTORIA L. GAVIOLA, MTI ICT TD G9
F. G. Calderon Integrated School (HS)

Editor: ARIEL D. TOSIO, EPS – TLE/TE – VOC

Reviewer/Validator: JESUSA Y. ALCARAZ Head Teacher VI

Villegas High School

JUJOE P. DE JUAN Head Teacher III

Maceda High School
22
 WILLY C. LLAGAS Head Teacher IV
F.G. Calderon Integrated School (HS)

Illustrator/Layout Artist: VICTORIA L. GAVIOLA MTI ICT TD G9

F.G.Calderon Integrated School (HS)
www.google.com.ph en.wikipedia.org

References:
• MELC K12 MODULE Mechanical drafting. Revised Edition,
• Roy Narvaez Ropa Fundamentals of Drafting SEDP Edition
• Swing Crispin, Frederic, Dictionary of Technical Terms The Bruce Publishing Co.1948.
• The Oxford Dictionary of Current English. New Revised Ed. Oxford University Press,
1998.
• Frederick Gieseck Technical Drawing
• www.google.com.ph
• en.wikipedia.org

23