PATIENT’S HEALTH MONITORING USING

IOT
A Major Project Report
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

In

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

By

N.Joshitha N.Jahnavi
(19B91A04G2) (19B91A04F4)

N.Pradeep R.Sathwik
(19B91A04E8) (19B91A04J2)
Under the esteemed guidance of

Sri T.V.Narayana, M.Tech

Assistant Professor
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

S R K R ENGINEERING COLLEGE (Autonomous)

(Affiliated to JNTUK, KAKINADA)
(Recognized by A.I.C.T.E., Accredited by N.B.A,
& Accredited by N.A.A.C. with ‘A’ grade, NEW DELHI)
CHINNA AMIRAM, BHIMAVARAM-534204
(2022-2023)
 S.R.K.R ENGINEERING COLLEGE (Autonomous)
(Affiliated to JNTUK, KAKINADA)
(Recognized by A.I.C.T.E., Accredited by N.B.A & N.A.A.C. with ‘A’ grade, NEW DELHI)

CHINNA AMIRAM, BHIMAVARAM-534204

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project work entitled

“PATIENT’S HEALTH MONITORING USING IOT”

Is the bonafide work of

Mr./Ms. ………………………………………………………………………………..

Along with their teammates submitted in the partial fulfilment of the requirements for
the MAJOR PROJECT in BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY in ELECTRONICS
AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING during the academic year 2022-2023.

Guide: Head of the Department:

Sri. T.V.Narayana Dr. N. UDAYA KUMAR

M. Tech. M. Tech, Ph. D., S.M.I.E.E.E., F.I.E.T.E.,F.I.E

Assistant professor Professor

Department of ECE. Department of ECE.

 CERTIFICATE OF EXAMINATION

This is to certify that we had examined the thesis and here by accord our approval of it as a
study carried out and presented in a manner required for its acceptance in a partial fulfilment
for the award of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY in ELECTRONICS AND
COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING for which it has been submitted.

This approval does not endorse or accept every statement made, opinion expressed or
conclusion drawn as in report. It signifies acceptance of report for the purpose for which it is
submitted.

External examiner Internal examiner

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Our most sincere and grateful acknowledgement to our alma mater SAGI RAMA
KRISHNAM RAJU ENGINEERING COLLEGE for giving us the opportunity
to fulfil our aspirations and for successful completion of the project.

We are highly indebted to Sri.T.V.Narayana M.Tech., Assistant professor,

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, our project guide for
giving valuable and timely suggestions for the project work

We convey sincere thanks to Dr. N. UDAYA KUMAR, Head of the department of

Electronics and Communication Engineering, for his kind cooperation in the
successful completion of project work.

We are grateful to our principal Dr. M. JAGAPATHI RAJU, providing us with

necessary facilities to carry out our project.

We extend our sense of gratitude to all our teaching and non-teaching staff and all
our friends, who indirectly helped us in this endeavour.

- Project Associates
INDEX:
S.no Content Page no.
01. Abstract 1
02. Introduction 2-5
03. Methodology 6-7
04. Components required 7
05. Components Description 7-14
06. Connections 14-15
07. Procedure 15
08. Serial monitor images 16
09. Email Images 16
10. Conclusion 17
ABSTRACT:
After a surgical procedure, patients are monitored in ICU until physically stable, after which
are discharged to a ward for further evaluation and recovery. Usually, ward evaluation does
not imply continuous physiological parameters monitoring and therefore patient relapse is not
uncommon. The present project describes the steps taken to design and build a low-cost
modular monitoring system prototype. This system aims to offer mobile support in order to
facilitate faster and better medical interventions in emergency cases. The interfaces for these
sensors have been developed according to the IoT model: a central control unit exposes a
RESTful based Web interface that ensures a platform agnostic behaviour and provides a
flexible mechanism to integrate new components. For getting results immediately, IoT based
Real time health monitoring system allows the patients to perform all the required medical
tests at the same spot within a short period of time. Five individual devices (Thermometer,
Blood Pressure, Pulse Oximeter, Heartbeat and Room temperature and humidity) are
combined and turned into one device. This system also informs the doctor or the guardian to
know when the patient is in a critical condition or needs monitoring through an email.

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INTRODUCTION:
The Internet of Things (IoT) coordinates billions of shrewd gadgets that can converse with each other
with insignificant human intercession. IoT is among the quickest creating fields throughout the entire
existence of figuring, with an expected 50 billion gadgets before the finish of 2020. IoT advances can
empower Modernization that improves the quality of life and has the expertise to gather, evaluate, and
comprehend the general conditions. This circumstance disentangles the new correspondence
structures among things and people and in this manner empowers the acknowledgment of shrewd
urban areas. IoT is among the quickest rising fields throughout the entire existence of registering, with
an expected 50 billion gadgets before the finish of 2020. From one perspective, IoT innovations
assume a vital job in upgrading genuine brilliant applications, for example, keen human services, keen
homes, shrewd transportation, and brilliant instruction. IoT is an associated organization between
gadgets (wearable, convenient and house-held gadgets and so forth.)
Whenever a person falls sick, he or she is prescribed to perform several tests by the doctor at the
hospital. Being sick it is hard for the patient to go to different places to perform the tests. To get rid of
these kinds of problems, some devices were invented. These devices don’t allow the patients to
perform different medical tests at the same place and at the same time. In this system, a medical
device has been made which can measure five different health parameters from a single device like
body temperature, sphygmomanometer, heartbeat, pulse oximeter. For remote monitoring, this device
has cell phone application which is connected to server. Therefore, the goal of this research is to
monitor as many health parameters as possible with a single device at real time and to improve the
performance and accuracy of the previously invented devices. IoT based Real Time Health
Monitoring System were designed so that health of the device users can be monitored accurately and
at a real time.

INTERNET OF THINGS:
IoT systems allow users to achieve deeper automation, analysis, and integration within a system. They
improve the reach of these areas and their accuracy. IoT utilizes existing and emerging technology for
sensing, networking, and robotics. IoT exploits recent advances in software, falling hardware prices,
and modern attitudes towards technology. Its new and advanced elements bring major changes in the
delivery of products, goods, and services; and the social, economic, and political impact of those
changes.

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FEATURES:
The most important features of IoT include artificial intelligence, connectivity, sensors, active
engagement, and small device use. A brief review of these features is given below.

 Connectivity: New enabling technologies for networking, and specifically IoT networking,
mean networks are no longer exclusively tied to major providers. Networks can exist on a
much smaller and cheaper scale while still being practical. IoT creates these small networks
between its system devices.
 Scaling: IoT systems are designed in such a way that the number of devices, sensors, or
computers can be scaled up and down according to the need. An IoT system should be elastic
enough so that it can handle workload during peak demand hours and can resort back to the
normal state when the demand is low.
 Sensing: IoT devices gather information about their surroundings (such as temperature, light,
sound, acceleration, pressure) and then, after analysing the data, take a decision. Thus, sensors
help in automation by gathering information and taking actions that would otherwise, be done
by humans. The raw data gathered, and the analysed data, serve as the basis of the functioning
of IoT. For example, in an automatic door, sensors would collect data through sensors such as
radar sensors and optical sensors. If it detects a person coming, it will open the door
automatically. Some sensors used in IoT are- Humidity sensor, temperature sensor,
Accelerometer, Gyroscope, Motion sensor, image sensor, level sensor, and Proximity sensor .
 Analysing: IoT devices gather information about their surroundings (such as temperature,
light, sound, acceleration, pressure) and then, after analysing the data, take a decision. Thus,
sensors help in automation by gathering information and taking actions that would otherwise,
be done by humans. The raw data gathered, and the analysed data, serve as the basis of the
functioning of IoT. For example, in an automatic door, sensors would collect data through
sensors such as radar sensors and optical sensors. If it detects a person coming, it will open
the door automatically. Some sensors used in IoT are- Humidity sensor, temperature sensor,
Accelerometer, Gyroscope, Motion sensor, image sensor, level sensor, and Proximity sensor.
 AI: IoT essentially makes virtually anything “smart”, meaning it enhances every aspect of life
with the power of data collection, artificial intelligence algorithms, and networks. This can
mean something as simple as enhancing your refrigerator and cabinets to detect when milk
and your favourite cereal run low, and to then place an order with your preferred grocer.

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  Smaller device: Devices and equipment (like semiconductor chips, sensors) are getting
smaller and smaller these days. In IoT, these small-built devices efficiently deliver precision
and performance. It is fascinating to think that devices so small can deliver so much and
enhance our quality of living (for example, small sensors can tell us the quality of air in that
area, protecting us from pollution).
 Dynamic nature: IoT systems should be dynamic in to change according to the changes in
their environment to be of any business use. Let us understand this with an example. A smart
air conditioner should be able to set the temperature of the room according to the prevalent
weather conditions using the data gathered by the temperature sensor. It must also be able to
set the perfect humidity level inside the room according to the changes in the humidity level
of the surroundings. 
 Active engagement: IoT connects its devices and products with cross-domain technologies
like cloud computing, artificial intelligence, blockchain technology, etc. An active
engagement between these products and technologies is essential to gather and manipulate
data to make it of business use. Raw data has huge potential and can improve business
decisions considerably. Therefore, an active engagement between various IoT products and
these technologies is the need of the hour.
 Integration: IoT integrates various cross-domain technologies like cloud computing,
artificial intelligence, big data, and deep learning to provide users with a wonderful
experience. Internet of things is no more internet of things, it has, in fact, become the internet
of everything. An entire ecosystem of integrated devices performs with great efficiency to
enhance our quality of living.
 Automated: Every technology comes with a certain degree of automation. In the case of IoT,
the theme is all about automation. IoT was developed to make people’s life and business
easier with automation, i.e., IoT farming system automates irrigation and prevents wastage of
water as well.
 Security: Security is one of the major concerns among the users of IoT. IoT systems carry
and store a lot of sensitive information, so the security of the devices and the data flowing
between them should be given foremost priority. Proper security and safety measures are
implemented while designing an IoT system to prevent a possible breach of security.
Resources and investment required to ensure a safe and conductive IoT system are huge, but
its safety and security must be ensured. Failing to do so can lead to mistrust among its users
and businesses and can reduce its demand.
 Endpoint management: A well-trained and carefully implemented IoT is an asset for the
business world. However, it is important to be the endpoint management of IoT systems,
otherwise, the whole system might collapse. For example, let us say your smart fridge orders
groceries to a retailer when you are out of it. But, if you are not at the home for some days, it
might lead to the wastage of groceries and is a failure of IoT. Therefore, endpoint
management is a necessary characteristic of the Internet of things.

ADVANTAGES:
The advantages of IoT span across every area of lifestyle and business. Here is a list of some of the
advantages that IoT has to offer:

 Improved Customer Engagement – Current analytics suffer from blind-spots and

significant flaws in accuracy; and as noted, engagement remains passive. IoT completely
transforms this to achieve richer and more effective engagement with audiences.

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  Technology Optimization – The same technologies and data which improve the customer
experience also improve device use, and aid in more potent improvements to technology. IoT
unlocks a world of critical functional and field data.
 Reduced Waste – IoT makes areas of improvement clear. Current analytics give us
superficial insight, but IoT provides real-world information leading to more effective
management of resources.
 Enhanced Data Collection – Modern data collection suffers from its limitations and its
design for passive use. IoT breaks it out of those spaces, and places it exactly where humans
really want to go to analyse our world. It allows an accurate picture of everything.
APPLICATIONS:
The applications of IoT technologies are multiple, because it is adjustable to almost any technology
that can provide relevant information about its own operation, about the performance of an activity
and even about the environmental conditions that we need to monitor and control at a distance.

 Wearables: Virtual glasses, fitness bands to monitor for example calorie expenditure and

heart beats, or GPS tracking belts, are just some examples of wearable devices that we have
been using for some time now. Companies such as Google, Apple, Samsung, and others have
developed and introduced the Internet of Things and the application thereof into our daily
lives.
 Health: The use of wearables or sensors connected to patients, allows doctors to monitor a
patient's condition outside the hospital and in real-time. Through continuously monitoring
certain metrics and automatic alerts on their vital signs, the Internet of Things helps to
improve the care for patients and the prevention of lethal events in high-risk patients.
 Traffic monitoring: When we use our mobile phones as sensors, which collect and share
data from our vehicles through applications such as Waze or Google Maps, we are using the
Internet of Things to inform us and at the same time contribute to traffic monitoring,  showing
the conditions of the different routes, and feeding and improving the information on the
different routes to the same destination, distance, estimated time of arrival .
 Fleet management: The application of the Internet of Things to fleet management assists
with geolocation (and with it the monitoring of routes and identification of the most efficient
routes), performance analysis, telemetry control and fuel savings, the reduction of polluting
emissions to the environment and can even provide valuable information to improve the
driving of vehicles.

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METHODOLOGY:
The main principle which is followed to design this device is illustrated in the figure below.

ESP32 is heart of the device. There are five sensors used namely MAX30100 sensor for Blood
Oxygen Level and heart rate, DS18B20 temperature sensor for human body temperature and DHT11
for room temperature and humidity. Inputs are taken using these sensors and then processed by the
ESP32 and Arduino IDE. The output then can be seen in serial monitor. Whenever the device will be
activated, first it will check which sensor is activated and based on the activated sensor if the input is
given to it then it will give the output. For example, if DS18B20 sensor is activated and given input to
it, the output will be the Body Temperature of the user and if MAX30100 sensor is activated then the
output will be the heart rate and oxygen level of patient.

FOR SENDING ALERT EMAIL:

After processing the data, if the acquired value is less than or greater than the threshold value then an
email will be sent to the doctor or the guardian.

 The ESP32 hosts a web server that shows the latest temperature readings from a DS18B20
temperature sensor.
 There is an input field to set up a threshold. When the temperature goes above or below the
threshold value, you will receive an email.

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  We can also set up the recipient’s email address on the web page.

 The system can be activated or deactivated through the web server. If you choose to
deactivate the system, you will not receive email notifications when the temperature crosses
the threshold value

The above flowchart describes the whole methodology of how and when to send an email to the
guardian based on the threshold temperature value and the current body temperature of the patient
under monitoring.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED:
HARDWARE:
 ESP32 board
 MAX30100 pulse oximeter
 DS18B20 temperature sensor
 DHT11 sensor
 4.7k resistor
 Jumper wires
 Bread board
 USB cable

SOFTWARE:
 Arduino IDE

COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION:
ESP32 BOARD:

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The ESP32 is a series of low-cost and low-power System on a Chip (SoC) microcontrollers developed
by Espressif that include Wi-Fi and Bluetooth wireless capabilities and dual-core processor. It has
become so popular because of the following features:

 Low-cost: You can get an ESP32 starting at $6, which makes it easily accessible to the
general public;
 Low-power: The ESP32 consumes very little power compared with other microcontrollers,
and it supports low-power mode states like deep sleep to save power.
 Wi-Fi capabilities: The ESP32 can easily connect to a Wi-Fi network to connect to the
internet (station mode), or create its own Wi-Fi wireless network (access point mode) so other
devices can connect to it—this is essential for IoT and Home Automation projects—you can
have multiple devices communicating with each other using their Wi-Fi capabilities;
 Bluetooth: The ESP32 supports Bluetooth classic and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)—which
is useful for a wide variety of IoT applications;
 Dual-core: Most ESP32 are dual-core: they come with 2 Extensa 32-bit LX6
microprocessors: core 0 and core 1.

 Rich peripheral input/output interface: the ESP32 supports a wide variety of input (read
data from the outside world) and output (to send commands/signals to the outside world)
peripherals like capacitive touch, ADCs, DACs, UART, SPI, I2C, PWM, and much more.
 Compatible with the Arduino “programming language”: those that are already familiar
with programming the Arduino board, you will be happy to know that they can program the
ESP32 in the Arduino style.
 Compatible with Micro Python: you can program the ESP32 with Micro Python firmware,
which is a re-implementation of Python 3 targeted for microcontrollers and embedded
systems.

MAX30100 PULSE OXIMETER:

The MAX30100 is an integrated pulse oximetry and heartrate monitor sensor solution. It
combines two LEDs, a photodetector, optimized optics, and low-noise analogue signal processing
to detect pulse oximetry and heart-rate signals. The MAX30100 operates from 1.8V and 3.3V
power supplies and can be powered down through software with negligible standby current,
permitting the power supply to always remain connected.
Complete Pulse Oximeter and Heart-Rate Sensor Solution Simplifies Design include,
• Integrated LEDs, Photo Sensor, and High-Performance Analog Front -End
• Tiny 5.6mm x 2.8mm x 1.2mm 14-Pin Optically Enhanced System-in-P

Page | 8
 WORKING:
When the heart pumps blood, there is an increase in oxygenated blood as a result of having more
blood. As the heart relaxes, the volume of oxygenated blood also decreases. Ultimately, by
knowing the time between the increase and decrease of oxygen-rich blood, the device calculates
the pulse rate.
It turns out, oxygenated blood absorbs more infrared light and passes more red light while
deoxygenated blood absorbs red light and passes more infrared light. This is the main function of
the MAX30100: it reads the absorption levels for both light sources and stored them in a buffer
that can be read via I2C.

Pulse oximetry is based on two physical principles: (a) the presence of a pulsatile signal generated
by arterial blood, which is relatively independent of non-pulsatile arterial blood, venous and
capillary blood, and other tissues; and (b) the fact that oxyhaemoglobin (O 2Hb) and reduced
haemoglobin (Hb) have different absorption spectra.

DS18B20 TEMPERATURE SENSOR:

The DS18B20 is one type of temperature sensor and it supplies 9-bit to 12-bit readings of
temperature. These values show the temperature of a particular device. The communication of this
sensor can be done through a one-wire bus protocol which uses one data line to communicate with an
inner microprocessor. Additionally, this sensor gets the power supply directly from the data line so
that the need for an external power supply can be eliminated. The applications of the DS18B20
temperature sensor include industrial systems, consumer products, systems which are sensitive
thermally, thermostatic controls, and thermometers

The pin configuration of DS18B20 discussed below.

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  Pin1 (Ground): This pin is used to connect to the GND terminal of the circuit.
 Pin2 (Vcc): This pin is used to give the power to the sensor which ranges from 3.3V or 5V.
 Pin3 (Data): The data pin supplies the temperature value, which can communicate with the
help of 1-wire method.
WORKING:
Temperature sensors measure temperature readings via electrical signals. They contain two metals
that generate an electrical voltage or resistance when a temperature change occurs. The sensor plays a
vital role in maintaining a specific temperature for a variety of industries, including medical
applications, HVAC systems, and electrical appliances in our homes. Temperature sensors are critical
for accuracy and temperature control in industries like these. Temperature sensors work by measuring
the voltage across the diode terminals. When the voltage increases, the temperature also increases,
which is then followed by a voltage drop between the transistor terminals and the emitter (in a diode). 

DHT11 SENSOR:
The DHT-11 Digital Temperature and Humidity Sensor is a basic, ultra-low-cost digital temperature
and humidity sensor. It uses a capacitive humidity sensor and a thermistor to measure the surrounding
air and spits out a digital signal on the data pin (no analogue input pins needed).

DHT11 humidity and temperature sensor is available as a sensor and as a module. The difference
between this sensor and module is the pull-up resistor and a power-on LED. DHT11 is a relative
humidity sensor.  To measure the surrounding air this sensor uses a thermistor and a capacitive
humidity sensor. DHT11 sensor has four pins- VCC, GND, Data Pin and a not connected pin. A pull-
up resistor of 5k to 10k ohms is provided for communication between sensor and micro-controller.
WORKING:
DHT11 sensor consists of a capacitive humidity sensing element and a thermistor for sensing
temperature.  The humidity sensing capacitor has two electrodes with a moisture holding substrate as
a dielectric between them. Change in the capacitance value occurs with the change in humidity levels.
The IC measure, process this changed resistance values and change them into digital form.
For measuring temperature this sensor uses a Negative Temperature coefficient thermistor, which
causes a decrease in its resistance value with increase in temperature. To get larger resistance value
even for the smallest change in temperature, this sensor is usually made up of semiconductor ceramics
or polymers.

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The temperature range of DHT11 is from 0 to 50 degree Celsius with a 2-degree accuracy. Humidity
range of this sensor is from 20 to 80% with 5% accuracy. The sampling rate of this sensor is 1Hz.i.e.
it gives one reading for every second.  DHT11 is small with operating voltage from 3 to 5 volts. The
maximum current used while measuring is 2.5mA.

JUMPER WIRES:
Jumper wires are simply wires that have connector pins at each end, allowing them to be used to
connect two points to each other without soldering. Jumper wires are typically used
with breadboards and other prototyping tools in order to make it easy to change a circuit as needed.

Jumper wires typically come in three versions: male-to-male, male-to-female and female-to-female.
The difference between each is in the end point of the wire. Male ends have a pin protruding and can
plug into things, while female ends do not and are used to plug things into. Male-to-male jumper
wires are the most common and what you likely will use most often. When connecting two ports on a
breadboard, a male-to-male wire is what you will need.
USB CABLE:
The term USB stands for "Universal Serial Bus".  USB cable assemblies are some of the most
popular cable types available, used mostly to connect computers to peripheral devices such as
cameras, camcorders, printers, scanners, and more. USB Cable for Arduino UNO/MEGA can be used
to power and program your Arduino board. They are detachable for the board.

The micro-USB connector comprises four main parts: the plug, the housing, the contacts and
the printed circuit board. The micro-USB cable includes a single twisted pair to carry the electrical

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currents and signals needed to transfer data faster. Micro USBs are used for various applications, from
powering and charging smaller devices to transmitting data between them.

BREADBOARD:
A breadboard is a rectangular plastic board with a bunch of tiny holes in it. These holes let you easily
insert electronic components to prototype (meaning to build and test an early version of) an
electronic circuit, like this one with a battery, switch, resistor, and an LED (light-emitting diode). 

The arrangement of different components on a breadboard can be done by inserting their terminals
into the breadboard, so it is frequently known as a plugboard. Breadboard definition is a plastic board
in rectangular shape that includes a lot of small holes in it to allow you to place different components
to build an electronic circuit is known as a breadboard. The connection on the breadboard is not
permanent but they can be connected without soldering the components.

ARDUINO IDE:
The Arduino IDE is an open-source software, which is used to write and upload code to the Arduino
boards. The IDE application is suitable for different operating systems such as Windows, Mac OS X,
and Linux. It supports the programming languages C and C++. Here, IDE stands for Integrated
Development Environment. The program or code written in the Arduino IDE is often called as
sketching. We need to connect the Genuine and Arduino board with the IDE to upload the sketch
written in the Arduino IDE software. The sketch is saved with the extension '.ino.'

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The Arduino project began in 2005 as a tool for students at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea,
Italy, aiming to provide a low-cost and easy way for novices and professionals to create devices that
interact with their environment using sensors and actuators. The name Arduino comes from a bar
in Ivrea, Italy, where some of the founders of the project used to meet. The bar was named
after Arduin of Ivrea, who was the margrave of the March of Ivrea and King of Italy from 1002 to
1014.
The Arduino IDE supports the languages C and C++ using special rules of code structuring. The
Arduino IDE supplies a software library from the Wiring project, which provides many common input
and output procedures. User-written code only requires two basic functions, for starting the sketch and
the main program loop, that are compiled and linked with a program stub main() into an
executable cyclic executive program with the GNU toolchain, also included with the IDE distribution.
The Arduino IDE employs the program argued to convert the executable code into a text file
in hexadecimal encoding that is loaded into the Arduino board by a loader program in the board's
firmware.
Sketch: A sketch is a program written with the Arduino IDE. [67] Sketches are saved on the
development computer as text files with the file extension. ino. Arduino Software (IDE) pre-1.0 saved
sketches with the extension. pde.
A minimal Arduino C/C++ program consists of only two functions:

 setup () : This function is called once when a sketch starts after power-up or reset. It is
used to initialize variables, input and output pin modes, and other libraries needed in the
sketch. It is analogous to the function  main () .[69]
 loop () : After  setup()  function exits (ends), the  loop()  function is executed repeatedly in
the main program. It controls the board until the board is powered off or is reset. It is
analogous to the function  while .

Libraries: The open-source nature of the Arduino project has facilitated the publication of many free
software libraries that other developers use to augment their projects.

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Sketch book: The Arduino Software (IDE) uses the concept of a sketchbook: a standard place to
store your programs (or sketches). The sketches in your sketchbook can be opened from the  File >
Sketchbook menu or from the Open button on the toolbar. The first time you run the Arduino
software, it will automatically create a directory for your sketchbook. You can view or change the
location of the sketchbook location from with the Preferences dialog.
Toolbar: The icons displayed on the toolbar are New, Open, Save, Upload, and Verify. It is shown
below:

Upload: The Upload button compiles and runs our code written on the screen. It further uploads the
code to the connected board. Before uploading the sketch, we need to make sure that the correct board
and ports are selected. We also need a USB connection to connect the board and the computer. Once
all the above measures are done, click on the Upload button present on the toolbar. The latest Arduino
boards can be reset automatically before beginning with Upload. In the older boards, we need to press
the Reset button present on it. As soon as the uploading is done successfully, we can notice the blink
of the Tx and Rx LED.

Serial Monitor: The serial monitor button is present on the right corner of the toolbar. It opens the
serial monitor. When we connect the serial monitor, the board will reset on the operating system
Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X. If we want to process the control characters in our sketch, we need
to use an external terminal program. The terminal program should be connected to the COM port,
which will be assigned when we connect the board to the computer.

CONNECTIONS:
The connections of the individual sensors to the ESP32 board can be observed in the following table.

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All the sensors along with the 4.7k ohm resistors can be connected to the ESP32 board as shown in
the below figure using jumper wires.

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After all the connections are made as shown in the above figure, the ESP32 board is connected to the
laptop/computer CPU using a micro USB cable. By connecting the board to the laptop we can dump
the code into the board and design its functionality as we want it to be.

PROCEDURE:
1. Connect the sensors and board as shown in the circuit diagram above.
2. Install Arduino IDE software in laptop.
3. Open Arduino IDE and open a new file.
4. Install required libraries that are mentioned below:
 ESP32_Mail_Client
 ESPAsyncWebServer-master
 MAX30100
 OneWire
 DallasTemperature
 dht11-master
5. Write the code in the editor and enter sender and receiver email Id.
6. Verify the code for any errors and correct them if found any.
7. If found no errors then compile the code and dump it into the ESP32 board.
8. Hold the temperature sensor and hand for body temperature input.
9. Place lightly index finger on the MAX30100 pulse oximeter for pulse and oxygen input.
10. Open serial monitor to observe the output.

RESULT:

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The result is displayed in the serial monitor as shown below.

EMAIL IMAGES:
The alert email is sent to the guardian/doctor in the below format. We can also customize the message
as we want.

CONCLUSION:
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In this project, a prototype system for remote patient monitoring is presented. The main purpose of
this prototype is to fill the gap in monitoring a patient’s vital signs between ICU (after having
undergone surgical procedures or other emergency treatments) and the actual hospital discharge.
While ward evaluation may not necessarily require continuous physiological parameters assessment,
patient relapse is not uncommon. The system may prove to be extremely useful in preventing such
relapses since it allows the medical personnel to timely and accurately evaluate the ward patients. IoT
based real time health monitoring system would make the life easier for all patients as they were able
to measure different health parameters themselves. Patients can send the obtained results from the
device to the doctor without physically visiting the hospital. This device is for not only to save money
and time but also reducing the risk of deteriorating the patient’s health due to travelling.

REFERENCES:

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