International INDIAN SCHOOL, JEDDAH

SCIENCE
CLASS 7 10. RESPIRATION IN ORGANISMS

I. TEXT BOOK EXERCISES

Q1. Why does an athlete breathe faster and deeper than usual after finishing the race?
Ans. During the run, the demand of energy is high but the supply of oxygen to produce energy is
limited. Therefore, anaerobic respiration takes places in the muscle cells to fulfill the demand of
energy. After finishing the race, an athlete breathes faster and deeper than usual so that more oxygen
is supplied to the cells.
Q2. List the similarities and differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
Ans. Similarity:
(i) In both aerobic and anaerobic respiration, food is broken down to release energy.
(ii) Both takes place inside cells.
(iii) Both produces byproducts.
Differences:
Aerobic Respiration Anaerobic Respiration
(i) It takes place in the presence of oxygen. (i) It takes place in the absence of oxygen.
(ii) Energy is released in higher amount. (ii) Energy is released in lesser amount.
(iii) Carbon dioxide and water are produced as byproducts. (iii) Carbon dioxide and alcohol or
lactic acid is produced as byproducts.
(iv) It is a slow process. (iv) It is a fast process.
(v) Examples: Animals and plants cells. (v) Examples: Human muscle cells, yeast, Bacteria etc.
Q3. Why do we often sneeze when we inhale a lot of dust-laden air?
Ans. We often sneeze when we inhale a lot of dust-laden air to expel out these foreign particles. These
particles get past the hair in the nasal cavity and irritate the lining of the cavity which results in
sneezing.
Q4. Take three test-tubes. Fill each of them with water. Label them A, B and C. Keep a snail in test-
tube A, a water plant in test-tube B and in C, keep snail and plant both. Which test-tube would have
the highest concentration of CO2?

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Ans. Test-tube A will have the highest concentration of CO2 because snail will take in oxygen and
gives out CO2.
In test-tubes B and C, the CO2 will be utilized by the water plant for synthesizing food and hence there
will be less concentration of CO2 in these.
Q5. Tick the correct answer:
(a) In cockroaches, air enters the body through
(i) lungs (ii) gills (iii) spiracles (iv) skin
Ans. (iii) spiracles
(b) During heavy exercise, we get cramps in the legs due to the accumulation of
(i) carbon dioxide (ii) lactic acid (iii) alcohol (iv) water
Ans. (ii) lactic acid
(c) Normal range of breathing rate per minute in an average adult person at rest is:
(i) 9 – 12 (ii) 15 – 18 (iii) 21 – 24 (iv) 30 – 33
Ans. (ii) 15 – 18
(d) During exhalation, the ribs
(i) move outwards (ii) move downwards (iii) move upwards (iv) do not move at all
Ans. (ii) move downwards
Q6. Match the items in Column I with those in Column II:
Answer:
Column I Column II
(a) Yeast (iii) Alcohol
(b) Diaphragm (iv) Chest cavity
(c) Skin (i) Earthworm
(d) Leaves (v) Stomata
(e) Fish (ii) Gills
(f) Frog (vi) Lungs and skin
Q7. Mark T if the statement is true and F if it is false:
(i) During heavy exercise the breathing rate of a person slows down. (F)
(ii) Plants carry out photosynthesis only during the day and respiration only at night. (F)
(iii) Frogs breathe through their skins as well as their lungs. (T)
(iv) The fishes have lungs for respiration. (F)

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(v) The size of the chest cavity increases during inhalation. (T)
Q8. Given below is a square of letters in which are hidden different words related to respiration in
organisms. These words may be present in any direction – upwards, downwards, or along the
diagonals. Find the words for your respiratory system. Clues about those words are given below the
square.
Answer:
(i) The air tubes of insects → Trachea
(ii) Skeletal structures surrounding chest cavity → Ribs
(iii) Muscular floor of chest cavity → Diaphragm
(iv) Tiny pores on the surface of leaf → Stomata
(v) Small openings on the sides of the body of an insect → Spiracles
(vi) The respiratory organs of human beings → Lungs
(vii) The openings through which we inhale → Nostrils
(viii) An anaerobic organism → Yeast
(ix) An organism with tracheal system → Ant
Q9. The mountaineers carry oxygen with them because:
(a) At an altitude of more than 5 km there is no air.
(b) The amount of air available to a person is less than that available on the ground.
(c) The temperature of air is higher than that on the ground.
(d) The pressure of air is higher than that on the ground.
Answer:
The mountaineers carry oxygen with them because (b) The amount of air available to a person is less
than that available on the ground.
II. WORKSHEET ANSWERS
1. Why do all organisms respire?
Ans. To perform the various functions, we need energy. The air we breathe in is transported to all
parts of the body and ultimately to each cell. In the cells, oxygen in the air helps in the breakdown of
food and energy is released.
2. What are anaerobes? Give example.
Ans. Organisms that can survive in the absence of air are called anaerobes. Eg: - yeast
3. Differentiate between aerobic and anaerobic respiration with word equation.

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Ans. Refer textbook exercise answer 2
4. Why are yeasts used to make wine and beer?
Ans. Yeasts are single-celled organisms. They respire anaerobically and during this process yield
alcohol. They are, therefore, used to make wine and beer.
5. Why do we feel hungry after the physical activity?
Ans. For physical activity, a person needs extra energy. As a result, more oxygen is supplied to our
cell. It speeds up the breakdown of food and more energy is released. So we feel hungry after physical
activity.
6. When and where does anaerobic respiration occur in humans?
Ans. Muscle cells. During heavy exercise, the demand of energy is high, But the supply of oxygen to
produce the energy is limited. Then anaerobic respiration takes places in the muscle cells to fulfil the
demand of energy.
7. Why do we get relief from muscle cramps after a hot water bath or massage?
Ans. Hot water bath or massage improves circulation of blood. As a result, the supply of oxygen to
the muscle cells increases. The increase in the supply of oxygen results in the complete breakdown of
lactic acid into carbon dioxide and water.
8. Why should you breathe through nose and not through mouth?
Ans. When we inhale, the particles get trapped in the hair present in our nasal cavity. Thus, the hairs
present in the nasal cavity filters the air.
9. What is the function of hairs present in the nasal cavity?
Ans. When we inhale, the particles get trapped in the hair present in our nasal cavity. Thus, the hairs
present in the nasal cavity filters the air.
10. When we release our breath after holding it for some time, we have to breathe heavily. Why it was
so?
Ans. The demand for oxygen increases in our body due to which we breathe heavily.
11. Why does lime water turn milky when we blow into it?
Ans. Exhale air contains carbon dioxide. When carbon dioxide is passed through lime water, calcium
carbonate is formed, which makes lime water milky.
12. Differentiate between breathing and respiration.
Ans. Breathing means taking air rich oxygen and giving out air rich in carbon dioxide. The process
of breakdown of food in the cell with the release of energy is called respiration.

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13. Give reasons why-
a) Smoking is injurious to health.
b) Fishes die when they are taken out of water.
Ans. (a) Smoking damages lungs. Smoking is also linked to cancer. It must be avoided.
(b) Because gills in fish help them to use only oxygen dissolved in water.
14. Explain the movement of ribs and diaphragm during breathing.
Ans. During exhalation, ribs move down and inwards, while diaphragm moves up to its former
position. This reduces the size of the chest cavity and air is pushed out of the lungs. During inhalation,
ribs move up and outwards and diaphragm moves down. This movement increases space in our chest
cavity and air rushes into the lungs. The lungs get filled with air.
15. Define the term breathing rate. What is the breathing rate of an adult during heavy exercise?
Ans. The number of times a person breathes in a minute is termed as breathing rate. On an average,
an adult human being at rest breathes in and out 15-18 times in a minute. During heavy exercise, the
breathing rate can increase up to 25 times per minutes.
16. Why do we yawn when we are sleepy or drowsy?
Ans. We are bored or tired, we just don't breathe as deeply as we usually do. Our bodies take in less
oxygen because our breathing has slowed. Therefore, yawning helps us bring more oxygen into the
blood and move more carbon dioxide out of the blood.
17. List down the various parts of the human respiratory system.
Ans. Nostrils, Nasal cavity, Pharynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles, Diaphragm and Ribs
18. Write the percentage of oxygen and carbon dioxide in inhaled and exhaled air.
Ans. Inhaled air- Oxygen 21%, carbon dioxide 0.04%
Exhaled air- Oxygen 16.4%, carbon dioxide 4.4%
19. Whales and dolphins are seen many times releasing a fountain of water sometimes while moving
upward to the water surface. Why do they do so?
Ans. Whales and dolphins come up to the surface of water or ocean to breathe the fresh air and ejects
carbon dioxide and when they breathe air out, it appears like a fountain of water.
20. Give the name of the respiratory organs in the following animals
a) Fish b) Cockroach c) Earthworm d) Frog
Ans. a) Fish – Gills
b) Cockroach- Trachea

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 c) Earth worm- moist skin
d) Frog- lungs and skin
21. Explain the breathing process in cockroach.
Ans. Cockroach has small opening on the sides of its body called spiracles. Insects have a network of
air tubes called trachea for gas exchange. Oxygen rich air rushes through spiracles into tracheal tubes,
diffuses into body tissue and reaches every cell of the body
22. What will happen if a potted plant is overwatered?
Ans. Root are unable to take up air from the air spaces present between the soil particles as water fills
up all the spaces occupied by air in the soil.

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