TACTICAL mt eS IS oe COMBAT TRAINING AID AM LTTACTICAL CHECKLISTS COMBAT TRAINING AID Bronston CloughCopyright© 2013 Bronston Clough All rights reserved. No parts of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including, photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without the expressed permission, in writing, from the author. The views expressed in this book are those of Bronston Clough and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Army, Defense Department or the United States Government. © 2013 All Rights Reserved ISBN-13 978-0-9839714-8-1 ISBN-10 0-9839714-8-X 2" EDITION, 2016 Published by: te MENTOR ENTERPRISES, INC 123 Castle Drive STE C Madison, AL 35758 [email protected] Please send us your feedback, thoughts, or recommendations at: [email protected]Contents g Lines a g Line CAS Brief... 7 ee ed Q LINE MEDEVAC eens 2 g Line IED/ UXO Repott...... oe) Air Assault 4 Air Assault Mission Planning 4 Loading an Aircraft... as Landing Formations... ee HMMW/ Slingload Deficiencies. se conn 7 A22 Cargo Bag Slingload Deficiencies 8 Cargo Net Slingload Deficiencies. 9 Fuel Blivet Slingload Deficiencies 10 Landing Zone Kit........ aL Area Assessment 12 Special Forces Area Assessment 12 Battle Drills 13 React to Contact. 13 Break Contact 14 Squad Attack 15 React to Indirect Fire - 16 React to a Near Ambush (Within 35 Meters)...... 17 React to a Far Ambush (More than 35 meters).. 18, Crossing a Linear Danger Area... 19 Communications 20 Radio Troubleshooting 20 Convoy Operations 21 Convoy Commander Checklist. 21 Convoy Commander Checklist Ver. 2 22 Convoy React to AMBUSH... 23 Convoy React to Mine Strike/IED 24 Convoy React to Sniper. 25 Convoy Rehearsals Checklist... 26 Convoy Vehicle PCI Checklist... 27 Route Reconnaissance Checklist. 28Vehicle Breakdown Procedures... Vehicle Rollover Drill After Rollover Drill Vehicle Operator Checklist. Convoy Safety Briefing Defense Defense Priorities of Work. Defense Spot Check Checklist... Range Card Preparation...... ee 7 Sector Sketch Preparation... First Aid Evaluate a Casualty Applying Field/Pressure Dressing and Tourniquet. Mouth-to-Mouth Resuscitation....... Handling EPWs 5 S's for Handling EPW’s..... Indirect Fire and Crater Analysis Crater Analysis Indirect Fire Request Adjust Fire (Grid Method)... Adjust Fire (Polar Plot) Naval Surface Fire AC-130 Call for Fire. Jumpmaster DACO/Jumpmaster Briefing.. fee Jumpmaster Personnel Inspection IMPI).....cccscse Jumpmaster Safety Kit Jumpmaster Actions in the Aircraft. Jumpmaster Aircrew Briefing Jumpmaster's Operation Brief Mock Door Training Pre-Jump Training Media & Intelligence Media Relations. Intelligence Collection (Describing Persons) Intelligence Collection (Describing Vehicles). 29 30 31 32 34 35 35 36 37 38 39 39 40 a ot 42 42 43 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 49 50 51 52 54 55 56 57 58 58 59 60Urban PIR... a . 61 Controlling Civilian Populace. : 62 Missions 63 Breach and Clear a Minefield. son 63 Recon oo Sere soem OF, Rai. rn : nenrrirenttienn oe 56 Linear Ambush. 67 Occupy a Patrol Base 70 Attack and Clear a Building 72 Principles of MOUT. Cordon and Search concerned Objective Rally Point 75 Prep Men, Weapons, and Equip in the ORP 75 Fast Deployment Claymore. Pathfinder Pathfinder Checklist Pathfinder Team Duty Positions. Pathfinder Coordination ChecKlist....... Pathfinder GTA and INR Map Marking Pathfinder Operations Planning Pathfinder Team Special Equipment Drop Zone Support Requirements Drop Zone Coordination Checklist... Planning Troop Leading Procedures. Five Point Contigency Plan. NWVEIMINGIOUMC eet cee Direct Fire Planning Considerations. Consolidation, Reorganization, Withdrawal. 92 Recovery 93 Recovery Checklist... ee .93 Rehearsals 94 Critical Actions to Rehearse........ ss rneeeee OO Rules of Engagement 95 Critical ACTIONS tO RENEALSE scien 7 7 95Pre-Combat Inspections 96 Improved First Aid Kit (IFAK) 96 Combat Lifesaver Bag : 97 Leader Pre-Combat Inspection o . 98 Mortuary Affairs Kit : 99 Enemy Prisoner of War Kit 100 Terrain Model Kit soemenenee LOL, First Responder Kit PCI. . 102 Individual Pre-Combat inspection ( (PCI rrrsereinn 103 Vehicle PCI ee 104 Radio PC! « : soe LOS Warrior Aid and Litter Kit (W/ALK) PCI. 106 ATH4 PCI eenrnnnsenie wwe 108 Javelin PCI 109 TOW PCL...... : E 110 MkKig PCL. 111 Ma 50 Cal PCI oo 7 7 12 Mz240B/Me2ag PCI . 113 Convoy Movement PCI... a eee Critical Actions to Rehearse. ee LO. Sapper 117 Non-Electric Firing System. aly, SALUTE/SALT Reports 118 Salute/SALT Reports. a . 18 Service Support 11g Classes of Supply. 119 Small Boat Operations 120 Small Boat Operations . sed 2O Capsize Drill. : rere 121 Sniping 122 Sniping Checklist. ssnasenes 122 Sniper Employment . sssunenes LEQ9 Line CAS Brief IP/BP Heading/Offset (Deg Mag, IP to TGT/L or R) Distance TGT Elevation TGT Description TGT Location (Include Grid Zone Designator) Type Mark Location of Friendlies Egress IP- Initial Point BP- Battle Position TGT- Target Deg Meg- Degrees Magnetic Tip: Always call in CAS parallel to your position to limit the chances of fratricide. 9 LinesM 9Line MEDEVAC Line 1—Location of the Pick-up Site Line 2—Radio Frequency, Call Sign, Suffix Line 3—Number of patients by precedence: A—Urgent B—Urgent Surgical C—Priority D—Routine E—Convenience Line 4—Special Equipment Required: A—None B—Hoist C—Extraction equipment D—Ventilator Line 5—Number of Patients A-—Litter B—Ambulatory Line 6—Security at the Pick-up Site N—No enemy troops in area P—Possible enemy troops in area (approach with caution) E—Enemy troops in area (approach with caution) X—Enemy troops in area (armed escort required) Line 7—Method of Marking Pick-up Site A—Panels B—Pyrotechnic signal C—Smoke signal D—None E—Other Line 8—Patient Nationality and status A—US Military B—US Civilian C—Non-US Military D—Non-US Civilian E-EPW Line g—NBC Contamination N—Nuclear B—Biological C—Chemical Tip: It is a good idea to have this checklist in the inside of your patrol cap or helmet so it is readily accessible. 2 9 LinesM gLine IED/ UXO Repo: Line 1—Date Time Group Line 2—Location Line 3—Unit and Contact Means Line 4—Nature of IED/Type of Munition/Method of delivery Line 5—NBC Contamination Line 6—Resources Threatened Line 7—Impact on Mission Line 8—Force Protection Measures Line g—Recommended Priority IED- Improvised Explosive Device UXO- Unexploded Ordinance NBC- Nuclear, Biological, Chemical Tip: All Soldiers must be proficient at how to react to an IED strike and how to report it. 9 Lines 3Air Assault M DT tile} Assembly area plan/signal Accountability/minimum force requirements Assault objectives Routes: Prim/Alt Primary/Alternate LZ Resupply/logistics requirements CASEVAC/CCP: Control of MEDEVAC aircraft during/ after assault Load plan: Chalk order, bump plan, level loading of key equipment and leaders Static load/unload rehearsals Fire Support plan before, during, after assault Hot/Cold LZ Battle Drill Abort conditions criteria Door Gunners engagement criteria Land Heading Actions if Aircraft goes down Actions if dropped at the wrong LZ Call Signs of all parties involved LZ-Landing Zone CASEVAC-Casualty Evacuation MEDEVAC- Medical Evacuation CCP- Casualty Collection Point Tip: Ensure all Soldiers know the coordinates of the alternate LZ's. 4 Air AssaultWeve UP ce Lid Bipods collapsed No bayonets fixed on weapons. Sensitive Items and any loose equipment tied down Antennas removed or depressed Tighten chin straps All Soldiers have ID tags and ID cards Wait for Aircraft to land before approaching Approach the aircraft at a crouch For UH-60, approach at a 90 degree angle Load in reverse order, first in, last out Muzzles down for UH-60's All troops remain seated Tip: Remember, for combat operations, the seats will be pulled out and Soldiers will be sitting on the floor. Tip: Make sure you cross load all key leaders and key equipment in the event one aircraft goes down you can still continue the mission. Air Assault 5Landing Formations haf } { } Heavy Formation Left Right } } } } Diamond { } i } c } 1 } Staggered Trail Left Right 6 Air Assault } { { Echelon Formation Left Right ~~ > > TrailHMMWV Slingload Deficien All Weight Checks Improper fuel level Wrong link count All Grabhook Checks (FRONT) All Chain Checks (FRONT) Mirrors not secured 550 cord securing mirrors not taped AlLA7A Checks Hood latch not secure Steering wheel not secure Key/lock missing Parking brake not engaged Transmission not in neutral Troop seats not secured All Grabhook Checks (REAR) All Chain Checks (REAR) Fuel cap not secure Foreign Object Damage All Apex/Sling Leg Checks Sling legs misrouted Sling legs twisted/crossed over each other Tip: Chain link count incorrect is the most common deficiency found. Air Assault 7fe ere] Weight of the load incorrect Clevis not hand tight All Apex/Sling Leg Checks All Grabhook Checks All Donut Checks Wrong link count Wrong P.O.A. to load Clevis not taped 24" Suspension web twisted Butterfly snap facing up Butterfly snap not taped Lacing cord misrouted Improper lacing cord Lacing cord not taped No knot in lacing cord 188" Strap twisted Scuff pad inverted Foreign Object Damage Tip: Double check that the 188" strap is not twisted. 8 Air AssaultCargo Net Slingload Deficiencies All Weight Checks All Donut Checks Wrong P.O.A. to A/C Legs improper sequence Apex tether missing Tether improperly secured Hooks not facing correctly Permanent tie vs. Break away AILA7A Checks Legs misrouted through net Load not centered Foreign Object Damage Tip: Ensure the load is centered in the net or else it can create problems for the pilots. Air Assault 9M Fuel Blivet Slingload Deficiencies All Weight Checks All Apex/Sling Leg Checks All Grabhook Checks All Donut Checks Permanent tie vs. Break away Wrong link count Bezel ring in wrong position Shackle missing cotter pin Fuel nozzle not taped Foreign Object Damage 10 Air AssaultLanding Zone Kit Smoke grenades x2 VS-17 Panel with stakes Star clusters x2 Swinging chem-light set-up Gloves Goggles Strobe Light Kit Bag Tip: To create the swinging chem-light, simply tie a 2-3 foot section of 550 cord to a chem light. Air Assault aM Special Forces Area Assessment Where are refugees from (size and area of population)? What is food and water status? What is overall medical status? What civilian organizations exist? Who are the leaders? What civil/military organizations exist? Who are the leaders? What organization/leadership do most of the people support? What UN relief agencies are in operation? What is the security situation? What commercial or business activities are there? Which groups are most in need? What civil projects would leaders like to see accomplished? How many families are involved? What is the size and composition of the transient population? What food is available and what does it cost? What skilled labor and services are available? Tip: If you have an Operational Detachment Alpha (ODA) operating in your AO, find out as much about the local populace as possible. Leverage the SF team for meetings with locals. 12 Area AssessmentMi React to Contact Seek nearest cover Return fire (known or suspected enemy positions) Team leaders control fire by using fire commands Report enemy situation (number and position) Maintain contact with team members (visual or oral) SL moves to team in contact and makes assessment of the situation SL determines course of action (break contact or squad attack) Report situation to the Platoon Leader Tip: The speed with which you execute this battle drill will determine the outcome! Battle Drills 13M1 Break Contact SL orders “break contact” SL designates support element and maneuver element SL issues distance and direction to the maneuver element Support element suppresses the enemy Maneuver element uses smoke to mask movement Once in position the maneuver element begins to suppress the enemy SL directs support element to break contact Support element uses smoke to mask their movement to new overwatch position Squad continues to bound away until contact is broken Consolidate/reorganize Tip: This battle drill is critical for smaller elements that do not want to become decisively engaged. 14 Battle Drillsrae-y< (TET. Nat (a 4 Team in contact takes up support by fire position and suppresses the enemy SL assesses situation determines direction to flank the enemy Team not in contact and with the SL moves along a covered and concealed route to assault the enemy force on the flank Overwatch team continues to suppress the enemy and shifts or ceases fire as the assault element approaches the enemy positions Bounding team continues to assault through the enemy SL may call in indirect fire support Call out EPW and aid and litter teams as appropriate Consolidate and reorganize Tip: Ensure you make a bold flanking movement and don't just move toward the flank where the enemy can observe you coming. Battle Drills 15React to Indirect Fire Any Soldier detecting incoming (whistle or explosion) yells “incoming” All Soldiers seek cover in the prone within 2 seconds After indirect fire impacts, leader yells direction and distance to move Element runs out of the impact area in the direction and distance given Consolidate and reorganize Tip: Ensure you give a distance to move that puts you out of indirect fire range. 16 Battle DrillsReact to a Near Ambush (Within 35 Meters) Soldiers in the kill zone, without orders, return fire and take up prone positions a Soldiers in the kill zone throw frag, concussion or smoke grenades at the enemy After explosion of grenades, Soldiers that were in the kill zone assault through the ambush using fire and movement Soldiers not in the kill zone immediately take cover and provide accurate, controlled suppressive fires Soldiers not in kill zone shift fires as the assault begins Soldiers in the kill zone continue to assault until all enemy eliminated or contact is broken Consolidate/reorganize Tip: If caught in the kill zone, you have seconds to return fire, throw frags, and assault the ambush positions. Battle Drills 17ea ar Me Ul cum fle m1) 35 meters) Team in kill zone, without orders, immediately returns fire and takes up prone positions SL assesses the situation and determines COA to flank the enemy Team not in contact moves along covered and concealed route and assaults the enemy on the flank Team in kill zone continues to provide suppressive fire and shifts fire once assault element approaches the enemy Bounding team assaults through the enemy positions SL may request indirect fire Consolidate/reorganize Tip: Depending on the distance of the enemy from your position, it is recommend calling indirect fires or Close Combat Attack Aircraft. 18 Battle DrillsM Crossing a Linear Danger Area Lead Fire Team gives the hand and arm signal for “halt” and “linear danger area" SL comes forward and verifies it is a linear danger area SL designates near and far side rally points Secure near side and emplace flank security (2 men ‘on each flank with eyes down the road) Lead fire team crosses the road quickly and clears the far side Lead fire team gives a thumbs up or radios to the SL that the far side is clear HQ element crosses the road Near side security crosses the road and links back up with the squad Gain accountability by conducting a headcount Continue the mission Tip: Think of all battle drills as your life insurance policy! Battle Drills 19Radio Troubleshoot Check frequency setting Check battery: charge-new Check antenna: upright-clear Check ALL connections from battery through to antenna: clean-dry-tighten Check ALL power and position switches Replace CVC or handset Check distance/position for terrain mask; move if needed Check antenna top section: repair if broken— replace if lost Egress 20 CommunicationsM Convoy Commander Checklist Convoy commander brief (OPORD format) Mission Current area intelligence Time schedule Route—Primary/Alternate Convoy speed (to include MOUT, Rural. catch-up) Convoy distance (to include MOUT, Rural) Emergency measures Chain of command Destination Type of formation (security team) Call signs and frequencies (Mortars, attack aviation, MP's, CAS) Start point Check points Release point Type of cargo (personnel/equipment) Select method of escort Conduct radio checks Tip: Have a plan in the event one or more vehicles become disabled. For example, will you destroy the vehicle, remain with it until it is towed, etc. Convoy Operations 21Convoy Commander Checklist Four vehicles minimum out of Task Force AOR Three vehicles minimum for patrols inside of Task Force AOR Two vehicles minimum for administrative patrols inside of TF AOR Communications in front and rear vehicles minimum Radio checks completed on convoy freq. and Battalion O/1 All vehicles have a TC and drivers have proper licenses Current PMCS and dispatches valid through expected time of return and logbooks on hand All vehicles have map of route(s) All vehicles have copy of all needed reports (9 line MEDEVAC, UXO, MINE STRIKE, FIRE SPT AND CONVOY CDR HAS CONVOY PACKET) All fuel tanks full All vehicles have fire extinguisher, first aid kits, and critical Bll All cargo properly secured All windows, lights, reflectors, and bumper numbers cleaned All personnel know how to request medical or recovery assistance All personnel briefed on situation, contact drills, contingency plans, and safety concerns All personnel in proper uniform according to Force Protection Level One mounted crew-served weapon with qualified gunner minimum for patrols and any vehicles leaving the TF AOR One interpreter on hand minimum Snow chains (mounted if determined necessary) Risk Assessment completed and briefed by the convoy commander Tip: Consider having locals in each vehicle of the convoy as sometimes insurgents are less likely to kill their own people and the locals may prevent you from driving into an ambush. 22 Convoy OperationsConvoy React to Ambush Vehicles in kill zone return fire with aimed fire, move out of kill zone Soldiers on disabled vehicles in the kill zone dismount and assume covered position and provide a base of fire Obscure with smoke if available Vehicles not in kill zone provide suppressive fire, use fire and maneuver to aif withdrawal/evac of Soldiers in the kill zone, send spot report to higher HQ Gain fire superiority to destroy enemy forces If unable to gain fire superiority, break contact using fire and maneuver Consolidate and Reorganize Tip: Be aware that some ambushes are designed to draw the QRF out and then ambush the QRF. Convoy Operations 23M1 Convoy React to Mine Strike /IED Convoy halts, report strike to higher HQ Vehicles not near the explosion provide 360-degree security from the vehicle ID possible LZ sites Vehicle behind disabled vehicle slowly pulls up behind damaged vehicle staying in its same tracks Evac wounded Soldiers by walking from vehicle to vehicle Report minefield or IED to higher HQ Evacuate any wounded Request Engineer support IED- Improvised Explosive Device LZ- Landing Zone Tip: If available, have aircraft fly over the route and detonate any IED's. 24 Convoy OperationsAor A CC ae Return fire if sniper location identified Send Spot report to higher HQ Continue movement, Don't Stop! Use smoke if available to obscure Protect the wounded, begin first aid in the vehicle Report sniper location to higher HQ Tip: The chances of spotting a sniper while in a convoy are slim, speed is your best defense! Convoy Operations 25Convoy Rehearsals Checklist Assigned seating/sectors of fire for personnel Actions at halts React to contact Order of mounting and dismounting vehicles Counter ambush actions Prearranged signals Actions of barrier breaching team/escort team at blocked ambush How to support barrier breaching team with fire when breaching blockade Tip: Just like with dismounted battle drills, rehearsals are the key to success. 26 Convoy OperationsM1 Convoy Vehicle PCI Checklist Completed 5988E (before PMCS) Current Vehicle dispatch Radio check (internal, CMD, A&L) Truck topped off Convoy Movement Order Additional Package products Map of sector with current graphics VS-17 panel Strip Map. Extra fuel can Sensitive items/personnel list Class | basic load (MRE's and water) Combat Lifesaver w/kit Radio check (if applicable) Current situation brief Bil complete Risk Assessment Snow chains w/tie down GPS (operational) Tow Bar Vehicle and Personnel manifest All cargo secured Road Guard Belt Flashlight Map Warning triangles Fire extinguisher Tip: Modify this checklist as needed for your specific mission requirements and lessons learned. Convoy Operations 27Route Reconnaissance Checklist Which Route? (ID by name/CPs/Primary or Alternate) Route Width? (c-traveled way, d=shoulder) Single or Double flow? (wheeled or tracked) Route Type? (x, Y, or Z) Overhead Clearance? (lowest clearance) Location/Description of Obstructions? (Bridges, roadblocks, slopes, curves) Current Traffic/ Where? (vehicle/pedestrian and grid) General Road Conditions? Time/Distance Between Checkpoints? Location Description of potential Ambush Sites? (Translates to Target Reference Points) Location Description of Congested/Potentially Congested Areas? Suitability for night/NVD driving? Recon Team Leader's Overall Impression Remarks Tip: Ensure you plan Target Reference Points along your route near likely ambush positions. 28 Convoy OperationsAMZ) Cea tM =fe-s ei erro Cy Patrol/Convoy commander halts movement Report to higher HQ, stay on roads Self-recover vehicle if possible If vehicle cannot be self-recovered, provide security from vehicles and await recovery assets Protect the wounded, begin first aid in the vehicle Report sniper location to higher HQ Tip: If you must destroy vehicle, ensure you have higher headquarters approval, or run the risk of investigation and potential charges later. Convoy Operations 29Driver releases the accelerator Driver shouts “rollover, rollover, rollover" Driver keeps both hands on the steering wheel with arms extended but not locked Driver plants feet firmly on the floor Driver tucks chin on chest and braces for impact TC Shouts “rollover, rollover, rollover" TC uses left arm to pull gunner into the vehicle TC uses left arms to hold gunner in place TC plants feet firmly on the floor and holds onto a stationary object TC tucks chin on chest and braces for impact Gunner shouts “rollover, rollover, rollover" Gunner pushes/pulls self down into the vehicle Gunner holds onto a stationary object Gunner tucks chin on chest and braces for impact Gunner DOES NOT place hands on turret. Turret's movement can cause additional injuries Other crew members present also shout “rollover, rollover, rollover” Other crew members assist TC pulling gunner into vehicle and brace for impact Tip: Many training deaths are the results of rollovers. In lraq, several HUMVEEs rolled over into water. 30 Convoy Operationsamy Ni ym CLEC Tm erate Driver turns off motor Disconnect headsets Everyone but Gunner places one hand on the ceiling and uses the other hand to unbuckle their seat belt and immediately places both hands on the ceiling Slide out of seat and sit up Orient self on the nearest door Unlock combat door locks Open door, if it does not open try another door Exit with weapon Assist remaining crew to exit Establish security Check for fires Activate fire extinguisher as needed Recover sensitive items Provide first aid Assist in vehicle recovery TC accounts for weapons, ammo, and sensitive items TC requests medical support if required TC reports accident Tip: Spot check your crews for proficiency at this task. Convoy Operations 31M1 Vehicle Operator Checklist Preventative maintenance checks and services complete—Are there any issues? Vehicle dispatch—expiration date? fuel/fluids topped off Additional POL products Basic issue items Fire Extinguisher Tow bar, chains, straps Signal/safety flares Roadguard vest Vehicle flashlight MEDEVAC format Vehicle first aid kit Convoy strip map Convoy execution matrix Windows and mirrors cleaned Lights and turn signals serviceable Antennae, connectors, and cables cleaned Cargo straps/loads secured Warning triangles stored per SOP Litters and body bags stored IA\W/ SOP. Ammunition clean Communication checks completed 32 Convoy OperationsSpare batteries Cases of MRE's Cases of water Crew served weapons and weapon mounts Spare tire and jack present Vehicle load plan Tip: If leaders don't sign off and check these inspections, Soldiers will pencil whip them. There is power in them knowing that you are checking. Convoy Operations 33eT ELAM} Mission brief to all/commander's intent Pre-combat inspection for movement completed OIC/NCOIC designated Listing of sensitive items/personnel by vehicle Order of march Convoy speeds/catch up speeds/intervals Route (strip map and grid to new site) Light/Blackout driver areas Ground guide requirements SP Time Staging Area Seat Belts—Mandatory Frequencies/Call signs Challenge/Password MEDEVAC Freq Road Conditions Operator fatigue, replace if required Contaminated Areas (Go Around) Recovery Procedures Rally points if attacked Check Points Use of goggles/hearing protection Enemy Situation Actions on enemy contact Harden vehicles with sandbags Tip: Ensure drivers use ground guides when driving in reverse. In Iraq, several Soldiers were run over and killed in their sleeping bags because ground guides weren't used. 34 Convoy Operationsores Uw od HoT AN Cold 4 Security always! Position key weapons orienting along the enemy's most likely avenue of approach PL assigns PDF, FPL PL walks trace with PSG, SLs to position key weapons and ensure mutual support Left and right unit coordination Scratch out hasty fighting positions and emplace sector stakes Clear sectors of fire. M240 walks and clears FPL/PDF Leaders prepare sector sketches and range cards Select and mark TRPs Emplace tactical wire along FPL Leaders re-walk trace, check sector sketches and range cards Dig fighting positions. Order is primary, supplementary, than alternate positions Establish CCP and routes to company's CCP. Conduct rehearsals (maneuver, engagement area, fire support, MEDEVAC, etc.) FPL- Final Protective Line PDF- Principle Direction of Fire TRP- Target Reference Point CCP- Casualty Collection Point Tip: Leaders must scrutinize sector sketches and range cards for accuracy. Tip: Ensure security is maintained while digging and improving fighting positions. Defense 35Defense Spot Check Checklist Friendly and enemy situation Challenge and password Location of LP/OP and composition Location of passage points Chain of command Who takes charge when leaders are gone Locations of SL, PL, and Co CDR Location of PSG and Medic MEDEVAC Procedures Location of ammunition, food, water, and re-supply Location of crew served weapons and their FPLs Signal for enemy in sector Who is located to their left and right by name and weapon type Range card in position; left and right limits What positions cover his position Stand-to times and sleep time Battle sight zero Counterattack and withdraw plan LP- Listening Port OP- Observation Post Tip: All Soldiers, including attachments, must know the current challenge and password! Tip: Ensure all Soldiers know the succession of command. 36 DefenseRange Card Preparation Draw symbol for weapon/position in center of circle Draw/label left/right sector limits Determine range value for each circle by dividing range to most distant terrain feature by number of circles and label card Draw final protective lines/principal direction of fire Draw and number TRPs, RPs and possible EAs as ordered Show dead space areas and label Draw maximum engagement lines Draw terrain features and mark weapon reference point from terrain or grid Fill in data section Fill in weapon reference data (description, grid, magnetic azimuth, distance from weapon to position) in remarks Fill in marginal information, not higher than company and direction of magnetic north arrow Dig fighting positions. Order is primary, supplementary, than alternate positions Establish CCP and routes to company’s CCP Conduct rehearsals (maneuver, engagement area, fire support, MEDEVAC, etc.) TRP- Target Reference Point RPs- Reference Points EAs- Engagement Areas Tip: Pay attention to the dead space labeled on the range card as those are the avenues the enemy will try to approach from. Consider emplacing claymores in dead space areas. Defense 37RFs Co) Cie ysl Draw your unit sector or EA Draw main terrain features in sector(s) and range to each Draw subunit positions Draw subunit primary and secondary sectors of fire Draw weapon positions with primary sectors of fire for each Draw maximum engagement line for each weapon/ ammunition Draw machine gun/cannon final protective lines or principal direction of fire Draw location of CP/OP Draw TRPs and RPs in sector Draw mines/obstacles Draw indirect fire target locations/final protective fire locations Draw and label dead space Draw patrol routes Draw locations, sector of fire of other weapons in your sector Draw location of NODs for use in limited visibility plan Place your unit ID, date-time group prepared, and magnetic north arrow on sketch (pencil) Tip: Don't forget to include the range to any terrain features on your sector sketch. 38 DefenseM Evaluate a Casualty Clear airway Check/Stop Bleeding Cover and protect wound Prevent or treat shock Check for fractures, burns, concussion Avoid moving suspected neck or back injuries Do not give water to abdominal wound except to moisten lips Seek medical aid Tip: See if your medics can ride shifts with a local EMT crew or spend time in an ER shadowing/assisting. This will be the best real life pre-deployment training they can get. First Aid 39Applying Field/Pressure ra : a Dressing and Tourniquet Uncover the wound unless the clothing is stuck to the wound or unless a chemical environment exists Apply the casualty’s field dressing Apply manual pressure and elevate the arm or leg to reduce bleeding If wound is still bleeding, apply a pressure dressing If wound is still bleeding you will need to apply a tourniquet Make a tourniquet at least 2 inches wide Position the tourniquet above the wound Secure the tourniquet in place Mark the casualty's forehead with a “T” Tip: Have as many Soldiers qualified as First Responders as possible. Tip: The Golden Hour is the first hour after a Soldier is wounded. The actions taken that hour will likely determine life or death. 40 First Aid@ Mouth-to-Mouth Resuscita Roll the casualty onto his back Open the airway using the head-tilt/chin-lift method Check for breathing within 3 to 5 seconds by placing an ear over the casualty’s mouth and looking toward his chest Give breaths to ensure an open airway Check for a pulse by placing the first two fingers in the groove of the casualty's throat beside the Adam's apple Continue mouth-to-mouth at the rate of about 10-12 breaths per minute Do not give water to abdominal wound except to moisten lips Seek medical aid Tip: Mouth to mouth is good to know, but focus your medical training time on trauma injuries. First Aid 415 S's for Handling EPW's S—Search S—Silence S—Segregate S—Safeguard S—Speed to the Rear Search—clothes, inside of headgear, inside of all equipment pouches, inside his mouth, inside his boots, all pockets, ete. Silence—Do not allow the EPW’'s to speak to each other or communicate with each other in any way. Segregate—Separate the officers from enlisted, senior enlisted from junior enlisted, males from females, etc This prevents them from organizing an escape, breaks up the chain of command, and decreases their ability t keep military effectiveness, Safeguard—Protect EPW’'s from further harm from other EPW/'s, friendly and enemy forces. Also to prevent escape. Speed to the Rear—Arrange transportation to higher headquarters, allows intelligence collected to be actionable and recent, puts them in unfamiliar surroundings. EPW- Enemy Prisoner of War Tip: The quicker you get EPW’'s to the rear the better chance that any information they have is still valid. 42 Handling EPWs.Crater Analysis Locate a usable crater Plot the 8 digit grid coordinate to the crater Place a stake in the center of the crater Place a second stake in the fuze furrow Set up a compass in line with the stakes and away from fragments Orient the compass Measure the direction to the hostile weapon Tip: This has become a lost art. Take the time to learn how to do this. Consider having a mortar platoon sergeant or field artillery NCO come give a class to your Soldiers on crater analysis. Indirect Fire and Crater Analysis 43Indirect Fire Request Identification Warning Order Target Location Target description Method of Engagement Method of Control Tip: All Soldiers are expected to be proficient at calling indirect fire. Make your Soldiers practice and grade their performance. 44 Indirect Fire and Crater Analysisw just Fire (Grid Method) 1. Observer: “FDC Call Sign this is Observer Call Sign, Adjust fire, over." 2. “Grid over" 3. Target Description: ____(Description, Size, Activity) 4. “Over" 5. _ FDC may challenge after they read back the above 6. The observer should be prepared to authenticate 7. Message to observer: 8. Units to fire g. Changes to call for fire, if any 10. Number of rounds (per tube) 11. Target Number 12. Time of Flight (seconds) 13. Ordinate Altitude 14. Information 15. Given after message to observer: 16. “Direction (mils or degrees), Over." 17. (Mils is the default, specify if using degrees) 18. Adjustments: 19. “Left/Right (meters)” 20. “Add/Drop (distance in meters from impact to target), Over." 21. “End of Mission, (BDA and target activity), Over.” Tip: Use football field lengths to estimate range out to 500 meters. Indirect Fire and Crater Analysis 45M Adjust Fire (Polar Plot) 1. Observer: "FDC call sign this is observer call sign, Adjust Fire Polar. Over." 2. “Direction (mils or degrees)” “Distance (in meters)" “Up/down (in meters)” “Target description, size, activity” Message to Observer: Units to Fire 3. 4. 5. 6. “Over” 7. 8. 9. Changes to call for fire, if any 10. Number of rounds (per tube) 11. Target Number 12. Time of Flight (seconds) 13. Ordinate Altitude 14. Information 15. Adjustments: 16. “Left/Right (Distance in meters from impact to OTL)" 17. “Add/Drop (Distance in meters from impact to target), Over.’ 18. “Fire for effect, over.” 1g. “End of mission (BDA and target activity), Over.” 46 Indirect Fire and Crater AnalysisNaval Surface Fire 1. “Ship call sign this is observer call sign, fire mission." 2. “Target # ____(Assigned by observer), over.” 3. “Grid . Altitude ___., Direction over.” 4. Target Description (Type, Size, degree of protection) 5. Method of Engagement: (Danger close, trajectory, Ammo/fuze type, # guns, # salvos, special instructions) 6. Method of Control: (Spotter adjust, ship adjust, Fire for Effect, Cannot observe, At my command) 7. Spotter Reads Back: 8. Gun-Target Line (from Gun to Targeto. g. Line of fire (if firing illum) 10. First Salvo at (Danger close missions only) 11. Summit (Max ORD in feet for Air Spotter, meters for Ground spotter) 12. Changes to call for fire 13. Ready/Time of flight (in seconds) 14. “Fire Over" Indirect Fire and Crater Analysis 47AC-130 Call for Fire “AC-130 Call Sign this is observer call sign. fire mission. over." 1. “My position is (TRP, Grid), marked by (beacon, strobe, etc.)” 2. “Target Location (azimuth and range in meters, grid, TRP, etc,)" 3. “Target description ___, marked by ___ (LTM, tracer, etc)” “Transmission of fire mission is clearance to fire “Do not ask the gunship to ID colors “Do not reference clock positions Tip: AC130 Spectre gunships will not fly missions during daylight. You should practice this in limited visibility. 48 Indirect Fire and Crater AnalysisDACO/Jumpmaster Briefing Changes in station time Changes in overall operation Weather Updates Parking plan of aircraft Troop foot movement to aircraft Confirm tower signals Coordinate for USAF guide if vehicles are used for movement to aircraft Tip: Ensure you get updates on the wind for your drop time. Jumpmaster 49Jumpmaster Personnel Inspection (JMPI) Front of Helmet Canopy Release Assemblies Chest Strap Waist Band Reserve Parachute Leg Straps Static Lines Back of Helmet Riser Assemblies Pack Tray Diagonal Back Straps Horizontal Back Strap Saddle Weapons Case, M1950 Rucksack w/harness, single point release, and hook- pile lowering line Tip: Allow plenty of time for JMPI's to be conducted so jumpmasters aren't having to rush and check too many jumpers. Tip: Make sure jumpers understand NOT to mess with any parts of the parachute or equipment after they have been JMPI'd. 50 JumpmasterM Jumpmaster Safety Reserve Parachutes Aviator Kit Bags (1 for every 15 deployment bags) Safety wires and lanyards Retainer bands Masking tape Hook pile tape lowering lines ¥% inch cotton webbing Type Il or Type Ill nylon cord Ballistic helmet or ACH repair kit Flashlights Trash Bags Ear Plugs Air Sickness Bags Tip: Jumpmasters should have a Jumpmaster kit with all the above items. Inventory the items after each jump and replace as required. Jumpmaster 51By etic Cadre manly Aircraft Helmets on and all Soldiers alert for takeoff 20 minute time warning (everyone alert) 10 minute time warning (jumpmaster hooks up) “Get Ready" “Outboard Personnel Stand Up" “Inboard personnel Stand Up” “Hook Up" Safety begins checking jumpers’ static line routing, waistband quick release, etc. “Check Static Lines” “Check Equipment” “Sound off for equipment check" JM assumes #1 jumper position and checks static line Loadmaster turns door over to Army JM JM grabs lead edge of the door “Safety control my static line" Check PIP pin, kick down locks, trace trail edge of door, check wind deflector, air safety check and clear to the rear ID 1 minute checkpoint and give command for “1 minute" ID 30 second checkpoint and give command for “30 seconds" Conduct final outside air safety check and clear to the rear 52 JumpmasterGive thumbs up to opposite JM Give command of “Stand By" Green light "Go" Safety controls all static lines JM controls flow of jumpers After last jumper exits, JM exits Safety clears the rear for towed parachutists Safety gives loadmaster thumbs up Safety assists in deployment bag recovery Tip: You may substitute “First Pass Personnel and Second Pass Personnel for “Inboard and Outboard Personnel” if the same jumpmaster crew is staying on the aircraft for multiple passes over the DZ. Jumpmaster 53M1 Jumpmaster Aircrew Briefing Aircraft configuration IAW the unit mission Confirm critical times (Station time, take off, drop time, racetrack times) Type of exit technique Drop Zone ID DZ Heading DZ Altitude Drop Speed Seconds of green light Type of parachute Current Weather conditions Location of CARP. Method of Control (DZST/ CCT) Total jumpers per pass Ground emergency procedures (oral Emergency Landing (6 short rings) Emergency Exit (3 short rings followed by 1 continuous ring) Towed parachutist by static line Towed parachutist by Equipment Cutter (LM cuts static line, JM cuts equipment) Control of stick and JM personnel to assist Loadmaster Time warnings (20 min, 10 min, 1 min, 30 seconds) Control of paratroop door between passes Raising seats Retrieval of deployment bags (multiple passes) Remind LM to update JM team of any changes in-flight Insist LM give troops a safety briefing CARP- Calculated Air Release Point LM- Load Master DZST- Drop Zone Support Team CCT- Combat Control Team Tip: Insist that the Load Master give all jumpers a safety briefing prior to boarding the aircraft. 54 JumpmasterOperation Brief Type of Aircraft Chalk Number Weather Decision Type of Equipment Drop Zone Name Type of parachute Time and place of parachute issue Don parachutes/JMPI Station Time Take off Time Route Checkpoints. In-flight emergencies Abort Procedures Drop Zone (Length, width, size, shape, obstacles) Predicted Winds (Speed and Direction) Flight direction over drop zone and number of passes Drop Speed Assembly aides and parachute turn in points Medical Support Plan Final Manifest time and place Tip: The most important tool a jumpmaster needs is a good knife. The one time you don't have one will be the time you have a towed jumper. Jumpmaster 55AR CCL eyelet ia Static Line Control Activation of the reserve (forward and rear of the wheel wells) Red Light procedures Jump refusals Seating arrangements and loading procedures Jump Commands Emergencies inside the aircraft ID parachutists carrying special items of equipment Door Bundles Discuss time warnings and ID rigging stations if needed Tip: Ensure you always rehearse actions in the aircraft. If you fail to do these rehearsals and you have a fatality, your jumpmaster days are over. 56 JumpmasterPre-Jump Tr Performance Oriented Training Everyone must be present Tailor training to the type of airborne operation 5 Point of Performance: 1) Proper Exit, Check Body Position and Count 2) Check Canopy and gain canopy control 3) Keep a sharp lookout during your entire descent 4) Prepare to land 5) Land Activation of the canopy release assemblies Recovery of Equipment Towed Parachutist Procedures Malfunctions Activation of the Modified Improved Reserve Parachute System Collisions and Entanglements Emergency Landings (Trees, Wire, Water) Mission Oriented Items (Life Preserver, AWADS, Night Jump, etc.) Parachute Landing falls (a PLF in each cardinal direction) Tip: Everyone who wants to jump, MUST attend. If the Commanding General wants to jump he must be at the pre- jump training. Make sure all key leaders understand there will be no separate session for them if they can't attend. Jumpmaster 57M1 Media Relations Ensure journalist has gone through the PAO/Chain of Command Don't give any info on current ops or planning ops No info on effects of enemy actions, SOP'’s, or our responses No info on daily ops or schedules No talk of our vulnerabilities No layouts of bases No technical info No pictures of dead bodies What you say can be transmitted around the world in seconds A junior Soldier has more credibility than a senior leader or public affairs officer. No one is more qualified to tell our story than you. Avoid policy questions—you are not qualified to answer them Don't speak for the President or the CO. Speak about what you do. Tell the truth Don't be afraid to say “| don't know" Project confidence There is no ‘just between you and me" You don't have to speak to the media, it's your call Take off your sunglasses Don't chew, spit. cuss, burp, or act disgusting Don't use jargon or abbreviations Incorporate themes into your answers Tip: Interviews with the media are your chance to showcase the military! 58 Media & IntelligenceIntelligence Collection (Describing Persons) A—Age B—Build C—Clothes D—Distinguishing Marks E—Elevation (height) F—Face G—Gait (how they walk) H—Hair Media & Intelligence 59Intelligence Collection (Describing Vehicles) SCRIM S—Shape C—Color R—Registration |—Identifying Features M—Make/Model 60 Media & IntelligenceOrde Who are the key town council, tribal, religious leaders in the AO? What are the perceptions of these key community leaders? How do these key leaders make their decisions and how can they be influenced? Who is hostile in the AO? Who determines the scope of the noncombatants? What political, cultural, and religious sensitivities will have an impact on the noncombatants? Who or what are the key information providers in the AO? What effort is the enemy making to influence the target audiences? What tools are they using (radio, TV, leaflets, disinformation, intimidation)? Who are the supporters and what are their actions? Who are the NGO's operating in the AO? Who are their key personnel? Where are the enemy safehavens/safehouses? Are there any enemy weapons caches in the AO? Are there any weapons markets in operation in the AO? What infrastructure needs to be repaired in the AO? NGO's- Non-Government Organizations AO- Area of Operations Tip: Some information can only be gathered by females from other females. Consider if you need a Cultural Support Team in your AO. Media & Intelligence 61M Controlling C Ue) DT EY) Have interpreters for each moving element Use concertina wire to create space between coalition forces and locals/crowd Use a megaphone Use IO messages Have PSYOP and CA teams Have snipers/designated marksmen in overwatch positions Have release authority for nonlethal munitions Use local police/army to assist with crowd control PSYOP- Psychological Operations CA- Civil Affairs Tip: Use a Megaphone or some type of PA system so the crowd can hear you! 62 Media & IntelligenceBreach and Cleara efield Suppress enemy covering obstacles Obscure area with smoke Secure near side Reduce obstacle-blow or probe lane through Secure the far side Blow marked mines in place (Time permitting) Mark cleared lane Move unit through obstacle Tip: Don't just throw smoke in front of where you are breaching as the enemy will know what you are doing. Use smoke over a wide area so the enemy doesn't know where you are conducting the breach. Missions 63Recon Security Halt prior to the ORP Conduct SLLS (Stop, look, listen, smelU and pinpoint location Put Soldiers in Long Halt posture Issue 5 Point Contigency Plan Conduct recon of the ORP SLLS, Clear and secure ORP Bring rest of element to the ORP Strongpoint at the 10, 2, 4, and 8 o'clock positions Spot check and call in OPSKED Prep Men, Weapons, and Equipment (MWE) for recon of the objective Inspect recon element Issue 5 point contingency plan Designate release point while moving toward recon objective from ORP Emplace S&O Element and point out the vantage points and LOA for R&S TM 2 and my recon TM Issue 5 Point to the S&O element The two recon Tm’s will cloverleaf around the OBJ Maximize stealth, cover. and concealment Never parallel the OBJ Maintain sufficient stand off distance from the OBJ Both recon TM's move to vantage points and gather PIR in SALUTE format 64 MissionsBoth recon TM's will draw a sketch of the OBJ Continue to conduct recon until all PIR gathered, time hack about to expire, or get compromised Recon TM's link up at the release point to confirm all PIR gathered Pick up the S&O TM and return to the ORP with entire recon element Once back in the ORP conduct SLLS to ensure you weren't followed leaving the OBJ Disseminate the SALUTE report to all patrol members RTO calls in OPSKED for mission complete Depending on METT-TC may have to move 1000 meters or a terrain feature away before you disseminate information. You are most vulnerable while disseminating information ORP- Objective Rally Point S&O- Security and Observation OPSKED- Operations Schedule PIR- Priority Intelligence Requirements METT-TC- Mission, Enemy, Terrain, Troops, Time Available, Civilian Considerations LOA- Limit of Advance OBJ- Objective Tip: Never parallel the objective. Move backwards and cloverleaf your way around the objective. Missions 65Recon and occupy ORP Conduct leader's recon of the OBJ Emplace security elements on each side to seal off the OBJ Emplace support element to place accurate fire on the OBJ Assault element seize/secure OBJ once support element lifts/shifts fire Call out EPW/, Aid and Litter, and Demo teams Withdraw to ORP IAW appropriate signals Reorganize patrol 1 km or 1 terrain feature from the ORP. Disseminate information Report to higher HQ Tip: It is imperative that you get off the objective following a raid as quickly as you assaulted it. 66 MissionsSecurity Halt prior to the ORP Conduct SLLS (Stop, look, listen, smell) and pinpoint location Put Soldiers in Long Halt posture Issue 5 Point Contigency Plan Conduct recon of the ORP SLLS, Clear and secure ORP Bring rest of element to the ORP Strongpoint at the 10, 2, 4, and 8 O'clock positions Spot check and call in OPSKED Prep Men, Weapons, and Equipment (MWE) for leader's recon of the ambush site Inspect leader's recon Issue 5 point contingency plan Designate release point while moving toward ambush site from ORP LDR's recon will place rucks at the release point with cat eyes facing the ORP Emplace S&O Element at the release point with the rucksacks SL and ATL confirm that it is the correct OBJ Issue § Point to the S&O and return to the ORP SL brings everyone to the release point to drop their rucksacks as he emplaces them SL emplaces the right side security while the ATL emplaces left side security Take the tripod from the AG and place it where you want the M240B Missions 67M Linear Ambush (continued) SL get behind the gun and ensure it has good fields of fire into the kill zone Emplace the rest of the support element Emplace each member of the assault element one at a time and assign a left and right limit, assault lane, and LOA SL puts out the claymore TL's camouflage their men's positions by covering them with leaves or brush Security radios the SL as the enemy approaches the kill zone Once most of the enemy force is in the kill zone, the SL detonates the claymore to initiate the ambush After 30 seconds of continuous fire, SL gives command “cease fire” SL will decide whether to reinitiate fire or give command of "assault" On the command of “assault”, the assault element stays in their lanes and assaults across the OBJ and fires a controlled pair into any enemy Soldiers in their path and kicks weapons away from any enemy soldiers Assault element takes up security positions at the LOA SL calls out “EPW/ Team” EPW team comes to SL's position and he gives them task, conditions, and standards for clearing the enemy soldiers All enemy weapons and equipment brought to SL's location All PIR called out for the RTO to record RTO calls out time hacks (goal is to be off the OBJ within 9 mins of initiating ambush) 68 MissionsSL calls “aid and litter team" Aid and litter team evacuates any casualties to the release point which is now the CCP SL calls out “Demo team” Demo team comes to the SL's location and places charges on the enemy equipment SL calls out “red” On the command of “red” the assault element will pull off the objective and move to the release point and the M240B will go from the tripod to the bipod position SL calls “white” On the command of “white” the gun team pulls off the objective and back to the release point SL calls “blue burning" On the command of “blue burning” the Demo team lights the charge on the enemy equipment and the Demo team, SL, and RTO pull off the objective and return to the release point Once the security elements hear the charge blow they will pull off their security positions and return to the release point As Soldiers return to the release point the ATL will show the Soldiers where their rucksacks are located and get the element in a security halt in the order of movement Account for all men, weapons, and equipment Element will move 1,000 meters or one terrain feature Disseminate information/ Call in OPSKED Tip: The patrol leader MUST lay behind the machine gun to ensure he can see the kill zone, if not move the location of the machine gun. Missions 69M Occupy a Patrol Base Security Halt/Short Halt Posture (SHP) Conduct SLLS/Pinpoint location Place Soldiers in the Long Halt Posture (LHP) Prep Men, Weapons, and Equipment for LDR's recon of the Patrol base Issue 5 Point to the BTL SL and 3 others move in a diamond formation 100-200 meters and identify a good location for a patrol base SL moves to where he wants the 6 O'Clock Position to be LDR's recon element conducts SLLS SL identifies the 3, 6, 9, and 12 o'clock positions to the ATL The ATL and AR clear the PB in a zigzag method from the 6 to the 3 to the g to the 12 and then straight back to the 6 SL leaves the ATL and AR at the 6 o'clock position, issues them a 5 point, and returns to the security halt SL counts all Soldiers in to the patrol base at the 6 o'clock position The lead element strong points at the 10 and the 2 The MG team is positioned facing the enemy's most likely avenue of approach or at the 12 o'clock position The trail element strong points at the 4 and 8 Once everyone emplaced in the SHP in the patrol base conduct SLLS SL sends out R&S team to use the box method and recon the area around the patrol base Make sector sketches and ensure interlocking fields of fire 7o MissionsEmplace claymores SL develops alert plan. withdrawal plan, and alternate patrol base location SL spot checks the men to ensure they know their left and right limits, the alert plan, the withdrawal plan, and location of the alternate patrol base Priorities of work (Security, Weapons/Equipment Maintenance, Hygiene, Food, Rest) Ensure 100% security while the M240B is cleaned then you can go to 50% Ensure everyone pulls § meters off the line while they conduct their priorities of work At all times one TL awake walking the perimeter checking on security SL and RTO take shifts monitoring the radio in the center of the PB At designated “Stand To" time 100% security After Stand To the SL will send the R&S team back out to recon the area around the PB Adjust perimeter if necessary Priorities of Work start again SL conducts field planning while priorities of work are ongoing BTL conducts water resupply if necessary Tip: Ensure all Soldiers pull back at least 5 meters to conduct Priorities of Work. Missions 71A NA er tree Wirt ttate) Organize unit into assault force and support force Designate special wpns/teams Support force ISOLATES building from over-watch position, covering smoke and fire Support force suppresses enemy in building and near by to cover assault force’s move Support force resupply ammunition, replace personnel, evacuate wounded/EPWs Assault force ENTERS building at highest level possible to gain foothold or mouseholes into unexpected wall Assault force CLEARS building room-by-room, by grenade or burst of fire Assault force marks each room/each building when cleared Tip: Ensure all Soldiers know the signals to be used to designate a room as cleared. 72 MissionsPrinciples of MOUT Attack rapidly, in depth, to dominate killing areas, use smoke Clear each house thoroughly/consolidate Keep equipment light Plan for casualty/EPW/evacuation Clear streets, houses, buildings and basements Mark cleared structures Wear body armor, use armored vehicles as transports/ moving shield, sand-bag/harden thin-skin vehicles Employ shock-producing weapons to reduce enemy strong points Employ expertise/equipment of combat engineers Soldiers will consume much higher amounts of water during urban operations Tip: In training, try to get your unit to as many different MOUT sites as possible. Missions 73M Cordon and Search Plan multiple routes for ingress/egress Avoid ingress and egress on same route Plan QRF and reserve routes Avoid movement during peak traffic hours or through congested areas Outer cordon establishes security vicinity of the objective area. Position to block, fix, interdict, or turn enemy forces Outer cordon utilizes roadblocks or checkpoints covered with direct fire Inner Cordon positions to provide suppressive fires on the objective Inner cordon establish and prepare to attack by fire, support by fire, suppress, neutralize, fix, or destroy enemy forces Inner cordon may be used to search perimeter area Breach team be prepared for multiple means of entry: knock, blow, or bash Breach team prepare demo as required Inspect all breach equipment prior to mission Search team secures area prior to starting search Search team establishes by-pass criteria Search team conducts room clearing and search in 3 dimensions focusing on specific items Monitor entry and exit of search rooms and buildings at all times Establish Signal Intelligence box in search area to identify phone calls Tip: Ensure all elements participating in the Cordon and Search are on the same frequencies and do a commo check before departing on the mission. 74 Missionswi Prep Men, Weapons, and Equip in the ORP Put on Helmet and place foliage in it to break up your outline Ensure all exposed skin is camouflaged All metal portions of your equipment are subdued Shake ammo pouches and magazines to ensure they are not making noise Shake canteens to make sure they are not half full and making noise Ensure weapon is on safe Ensure no shiny parts on weapons Ensure hand guards do not rattle on the weapon Ensure magazine in weapon is full and round chambered Ensure radio is working, volume level adjusted, and take an extra battery Ensure Tripod for M240B is fully extended and T&E and pintle assembly is attached Ensure Binos are serviceable and tied down Ensure NVG's are working with new batteries and tied down properly Spot check all of the above on all members of the leader's recon Tip: Have Soldiers jump up and down several times as you inspect them to see how much noise they make. Objective Rally Point 75Fast Deployment Claymore Inventory claymore and components and test all equipment Cut out the partition in the bag so you have one big pouch Extend the legs of the claymore and insert into bag and see where the legs stick into the bottom of the pouch. Cut two slits for the legs to come through the bag Cut slits up both sides of the lid, three on each side. Make sure that they are equally spaced apart and don't go past the buttons Take rubber bands and loop them through the slits that you made in the cover, then loop the bands back on themselves, making a bite around the fabric of the lid. Do this for each of the six slits that you cut. Make sure you use rubber bands that are heavy enough to hold the wire without breaking or coming loose. Figure out how much length of the Claymore wire covers and surpasses the length of the lid. This might require some experimentation on your part to get it right. You will need to make three separate wraps that will be locked into place with the rubber bands, so plan ahead. Start stringing the Claymore wire back and forth. Once you get enough wraps, separating the wire equally into thirds, go ahead and lock the ends into the loops of the rubber bands. You may need to twist the rubber bands and loop them back around the wire a second time to make sure it's in there nice and snug. 76 Objective Rally PointPut the Claymore mine back in the bag, push the metal legs through the slits you cut in the bottom, and fold them down and out of the way for transportation. Make sure you oil or grease the legs of the claymore to keep them from seizing up. Arm the mine. Screw the blasting cap into the mine when appropriate. This depends on unit SOP, so if you Privates out there need to check with your Squad Leader before you Sua Sponte this! Army regs say that no charges or explosives can be primed with initiation systems until they are going to be used. Most SOF units these days are priming their charges on the FOB beforehand and rolling out to their targets. Camouflage the bag to fit the terrain you will be operating in. Carry by the sling or in an external pouch custom made on the outside of your rucksack Tip: Make sure you cut slits in the bag so the legs of the claymore go through the bag and when you emplace the claymore you leave the bag with it. Objective Rally Point 77Pat Heading Distance Land/Drop Heading Drop Speed Drop Altitude Pertinent Info # of Bundles per pass # of jumpers per pass FLD Elevation Advisories Tip: If you cannot find a bundle that was dropped after searching the appropriate radius, consider that the aircrew either released early or late. 78 PathfinderPathfinder Team Duty Positions Team Leader Assistant Team Leader Ground to Air (GTA) Internal Net recorder (INR) RTO #1 Touchdown Point Signal Man SLP Team Leader and Far Panel Team Leader SLP Signal man and Flank Panel Team Member Hook up man and Flank Panel Team Member Static Probe man and Far Panel Team Member Tip: If your Division has a Pathfinder detachment, conduct training with them so you can have confidence in them and they can get to know your Soldiers. Pathfinder 79M Pathfinder Coordination Checklist A. CONFIRM THE MISSION 1, Location of PZ (prim. & alt.) 2. Location of LZ (prim. & alt.) 3. Insertion or Extraction 4, Location of CCP, SP's, RP’s, ACP’s 5. No fly areas 6, Enemy Location 7. Weather forecast B. DETERMINE A/C INFORMATION 1. Type and number of A/C & AVN unit 2. ACL of A/C and configuration 3. Landing formation at PZ & LZ 4. Sling Load information 5. Flying time/Range/Airspeed/Air movement table 6. Number of loads, lifts, serials, & time interval 7. AVN unit tasks 8. Type of route & Terrain flight mode €. PZ &LZ MARKING & CONTROL 1. Inverted "Y" or NATO “T" 2. Obstacle markings (Day & Night) 3. TDP size 4. Visual Signals 5, Abort Criteria 6. Downed A/C Procedures 7. Weather decision time 8. Security at LZ & PZ 80 Pathfinderg. What authority does PFDR have? 10. Deception measures 11. Air Loading tables/Safety briefing D. COMMAND & SIGNA\ 1. Radio nets, Frequencies & Call signs 2. ANCD in effect 3. No land signal 4. Code words PZ secure . Hot LZ or PZ Clean Abort Go to Alt PZ or LZ Fire Preparation Request extraction . Use Alt. Route sae>oa079 5. Navigational aids (freq., Location, times) 6. Chain of Command E, SUPPORT 1. Engineers 2. Attack Air 3. ADA 4, Fire support plan 5. FARP/Laager site plan Tip: For all airborne and air assault units, it is a good idea to have as many Pathfinder School trained Soldiers as possible. The skills are perishable, so make sure you give them opportunities to keep proficient. Pathfinder 81Pe Cm WL Lays) Marking Locate OP Site (Operations Site) Mark OP Site Mark Control Center Cardinal Directions Divide Control Center into 4 quadrants Locate Communications Checkpoint Locate Reference Points Locate Hospital Locate Aerial Control Points (Anywhere flight changes direction) 82 Pathfinder