M 195 SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS

Standard Specification for

Lightweight Aggregates for Structural Concrete

AASHTO DESIGNATION: M 195-94

(ASTM DESIGNATION: C 330-89)

1. SCOPE T 105 Chemical Analysis of 4. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

Hydraulic Cement
1.1 This specification covers lightweight T 107 Autoclave Expansion of 4.1 Lightweight aggregates shall not
aggregates intended for use in structural Portland Cement contain excessive amounts of deleterious
concrete in which prime considerations T 112 Clay Lumps and Friable substances, as determined by the
are lightness in mass and compressive Particles in Aggregate following limits:
strength of the concrete. Procedures T 126 Making and Curing Concrete 4.1.1 Organic Impurities-T 21.
covered in this specification are not Test Specimens in the Lightweight aggregates that, upon being
intended for job control of concrete. Laboratory subjected to test for organic impurities,
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be T 160 Length Change of Cement produce a color darker than the standard
regarded as the standard. Mortar and Concrete shall be rejected, unless it can be
1.2.1 With regard to other units of demonstrated that the discoloration is due
T 161 Resistance of Concrete to to small quantities of materials not
measure, the values stated in inch-pound Rapid Freezing and Thawing
units are to be regarded as the standard. harmful to the concrete.
T 198 Splitting Tensile Strength of 4.1.2 Staining-ASTM C 641. An
NOTE 1-This specification is regarded as Cylindrical Concrete
adequate to ensure satisfactory lightweight aggregate producing a heavy or very
Specimens heavy stain shall be rejected when the
aggregates for most concrete. It is recognized
that it may be either more or less restrictive 2.2 ASTM Standards: material making up the stain is found
than needed for some conditions and for C 567 Test Method for Unit Weight upon chemical analysis to contain an iron
special purposes, such as fire resistance, fill, of Structural Lightweight content, expressed as Fe203, equal to or
and concrete constructions, the use of which is Concrete greater than 1.5 mg/200 g of sample.
based on load tests rather than conventional
design procedures. C 641 Test Method for Staining 4.1.3 Loss on Ignition-T 105. The loss
Materials in Lightweight on ignition of lightweight aggregates
Concrete Aggregates shall not exceed 5 percent.
2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
NOTE 2-Certain processed aggregates may be
3. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS hydraulic in character, and may be partially
2.1 AASHTO Standards: hydrated during production; if so, the quality
of the product is not usually reduced thereby.
M6 Fine Aggregate for Portland Therefore, consideration should be given to
Cement Concrete 3.1 Two general types of lightweight
aggregates are covered by this the type of material when evaluating the
M 92 Wire Cloth Sieve for Testing product in terms of ignition loss.
specification, as follows:
Purposes
3.1.1 Aggregates prepared by
T2 Sampling Aggregates T 19 expanding, pelletizing or sintering 5. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Unit Mass and Voids in products such as blast-furnace slag, clay,
Aggregate diatomite, fly ash, shale, or slate, and
T 21 Organic Impurities in Sands 5.1 Lightweight aggregate under test
3.1.2 Aggregates prepared by shall meet the following requirements:
for Concrete processing natural materials, such as
T 22 Compressive Strength of Cy- pumice, scoria, or tuff. 5.1.1 Clay Lumps-The amount of clay
lindrical Concrete Specimens lumps shall not exceed 2 percent by dry
3.2 The aggregates shall be composed mass.
T 27 Sieve Analysis of Fine and predominately of lightweight-cellular and
Coarse Aggregates granular inorganic material.

TABLE 1 Grading Requirements for Lightweight Aggregates for Structural Concrete

Percentages (by Mass) Passing Sieves Having Square Openings
Size Designation 25.0 mm 19.0 mm 12.5 mm 9.5 mm (⅜ 4.75 mm 2.36 mm 1.18 µm 300 µm 150 µm
(1 in.) (¾ in.) (½ in.) in.) (Nº 4) (Nº 8) (Nº 16) (Nº 50) (Nº 100)
Fine aggregate:
0 to 4.75-mm - - - 100 85-100 40-80 10-35 5-25
Coarse aggregate:
25.0 to 4.75-mm 95-100 - 25-60 - 0-10 - - - -
19.0 to 4.75-mm 100 90-100 - 10-50 0-15 - - - -
12.5 to 4.75-mm - 100 90-100 40-80 0-20 0-10 - - -
9.5 to 2.36-mm - - 100 80-100 5-40 0-20 0-10 - -
Combined fine and coarse aggregate:
0 to 12.5 mm - 100 95-100 - 50-80 - - 5-20 2-15
0 to 9.5 - - 100 90-100 65-90 35-65 - 10-25 5-15

220
M 195 SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS

5.1.2 Grading-The grading shall 5.2.2 Natural Sand-Natural sand until the time of test, or follow the curing
conform to the requirements shown in replacement for part, or all, of the procedures for the air dry unit mass
Table 1. lightweight aggregate fines may be used (ASTM C 567). When the latter
5.1.3 Uniformity of Grading-To assure to determine compliance with these procedure is used, remove the specimens
reasonable uniformity in the grading of minimum requirements, provided that the from the moist curing at the age of 7 days
successive shipments of lightweight proposed structural concrete usage and store at 23.0 ± 1.7°C (73.4 ± 3°F)
aggregate, fineness modulus shall be contemplates similar combination of with a relative humidity of 50 ± 5 percent
determined on samples taken from materials. The test report shall record the until the time of test.
shipments at intervals stipulated by the proportion of all ingredients and the 8.2 Splitting Tensile Strength-Make 152
purchaser. If the fineness modulus of the characteristics of the natural sand as by 305-mm (6 by 12-in.) cylindrical test
aggregate in any shipment differs by specified in M 6. specimens in accordance with T 126.
more than 7 percent from that of the 5.2.3 Drying Shrinkage-The drying Cure and test the specimens in
sample submitted for acceptance tests, shrinkage of concrete specimens prepared accordance with T 198.
the aggregate in the shipment shall be and tested as described in the method for 8.3 Unit Weight of Concrete-ASTM C
rejected, unless it can be demonstrated preparation of samples for shrinkage of 567-Follow the procedures in Sections 4
that it will produce concrete of the concrete shall not exceed 0.07 percent. and 5 of ASTM C 567.
required characteristics. 5.2.4 Popouts-Concrete specimens 8.4 Shrinkage of Concrete-T 160Follow
5.1.4 Unit Mass-The unit mass of the prepared as described in the method for the procedures of T 160 with the
lightweight aggregates shall conform to preparation of sample for shrinkage of following exceptions:
the requirements shown in Table 2. concrete and tested in accordance with T
107 shall show no surface popouts. 8.4.1 Prepare the concrete mixture
5.1.5 Uniformity of Unit Mass-The using 335 kilograms of cement per cubic
reported unit mass of lightweight 5.2.5 Durability-In the absence of a meter (564 pounds of cement per cubic
aggregate shipments, sampled and tested, proven record of satisfactory durability in yard), admixture (if any), and with an air
shall not differ by more than 10 percent structural concrete, lightweight content of 6 ± 1 percent. Adjust the water
from that of the sample submitted for aggregates may be required to pass a content so as to produce a slump of 50 to
acceptance tests. concrete freezing and thawing test 100 mm (2 to 4 in.). Thoroughly
5.2 Concrete specimens containing satisfactory to the purchaser. consolidate the concrete in steel molds
lightweight aggregate under test shall not smaller than 50 by 50 mm (2 by 2 in.)
meet the following requirements: 6. SAMPLING nor larger than 100 by 100 mm (4 by 4
5.2.1 Compressive Strength-T22, Unit in.) in cross section, and long enough to
Mass-ASTM C 567 and Splitting Tensile provide a 200 mm (10 in.) gage length.
Strength-T 198. Compressive strength 6.1 Sample lightweight aggregates in The surface of the concrete shall be steel
and unit mass shall be an average of three accordance with T 2. troweled.
specimens and the splitting tensile 8.4.2 Curing-To prevent evaporation of
strength shall be the average of eight 7. NUMBER OF TESTS water from the unhardened concrete,
specimens. It shall be possible to produce cover the specimen with a nonabsorptive,
structural concrete using the lightweight nonreactive plate or sheet of tough,
aggregates under test, so that from the 7.1 Tests on Aggregate-One durable, impervious plastic. Wet burlap
same batch of concrete one or more of representative sample is required for each may be used for covering, but care must
the compressive strength requirements test for organic impurities, staining, loss be exercised to keep the burlap wet until
and splitting tensile strength requirements on ignition, grading, unit mass, and clay the specimens are removed from the
(as shown in the table entitled lumps. molds. Placing a sheet of plastic over the
"Compressive Strength and Splitting 7.2 Tests on Concrete-At least three burlap will facilitate keeping it wet.
Tensile Strength") will be satisfied specimens are required for each of the Remove specimens from the molds not
without exceeding the corresponding following tests of concrete: compressive less than 20 nor more than 48 hours after
maximum unit mass values. Intermediate strength, shrinkage, unit mass, resistance casting and store in a moist room
values for strength and corresponding to freezing and thawing, and presence of maintained at 23.0 ± 1.7°C (73.4 ± 3°F)
unit mass values may be established by popout materials. At least eight concrete with a relative humidity of not less than
interpolation (see Note 3 listed below specimens are required for splitting 95 percent. At the age of 7 days, remove
table). tensile strength tests. the specimens from the moist room,
TABLE 2 Unit Mass Requirements of Lightweight measure for length, and store in a curing
Aggregates for Structural Concrete cabinet maintained at 37.8_* 1.1°C (100
Dry Loose Mass, Max, 8. TEST METHODS ± 2°F) with a relative humidity of 32 ± 2
Size Designation
kg/m3 (Ib/ft3)
Fine aggregate 1120 (70) percent.
Coarse aggregate 880 (55) 8.1 Compressive Strength-T 22. Make
Combined fine and coarse test specimens in accordance with T 126.
1040 (65)
aggregate
Cure specimens in accordance with T 126

Compressive Strength and Splitting Tensile Strength

Average 28-day Splitting Tensile Strength, Min MPa
Average Air Dry 28-day Unit Mass, Max kg/m3 (lb/ft3) Average 28-day Compressive Strength, Min MPa (psi)
(psi)
All Lightweight Aggregate
1760 (110) 2.2 (320) 28 (4000)
1680 (105) 2.1 (300) 21 (3000)
1600 (100) 2.0 (290) 17 (2500)
Sand/Lightweight Aggregate
1840 (115) 2.3 (330) 28 (4000)
1760 (110) 2.1 (310) 21 (3000)
1680 (105) 2.1 (300) 17 (2500)
221
M 195 SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS

NOTE 4-The air immediately above a 8.7 Grading-T 27-Follow the procedures 10. CERTIFICATION
saturated solution of magnesium chloride of T 27, except that the mass of the test
(MgCl,) at 37.8°C (100°F) is approximately 32 sample for fine aggregate shall be in
percent relative humidity. accordance with Table 3. The test sample 10.1 When specified in the purchase
for coarse aggregate shall consist of order or contract, a producer's or
8.4.3 Report-After storage in the supplier's certification shall be furnished
cabinet for 28 days, determine the change 0.0028 m3 (0.1 ft') or more of the
material used for the determination of to the purchaser that the material was
in length of each specimen to the nearest manufactured, sampled, and tested in
0.01 percent of the effective gage length. unit mass. The aggregate, when
mechanically sieved, shall be sieved for accordance with this specification and
Report the change in length as the drying has been found to meet the requirements.
shrinkage of the specimen; report the only 5 minutes.
When specified in the purchase order or
average drying shrinkage of the 8.8 Unit Mass (Loose)-T 19. The contract, a report of the test results shall
specimens as the drying shrinkage of the aggregate shall be tested in an oven dry be furnished.
concrete. condition utilizing the shoveling
8.5 Test for Popout Materials-Prepare procedure.
TABLE 3 Mass of Sieve Test Sample for
concrete specimens for the test for popout 8.9 Clay Lumps and Friable Particles in Fine Lightweight Aggregates
materials as described in Sections 8.4 and Aggregates-T 112. Range of Nominal Mass of Mass of Test
8.4.1. Cure and autoclave the specimens Aggregate Sample g
in accordance with T 107. Visually kg/m 2
lb/ft3
9. REJECTION
inspect the autoclaved specimens for the 80-240 5-15 50
number of popouts that have developed 240-400 15-25 100
on the surface. Report the average 9.1 Material that fails to conform to the 400-560 25-35 150
number of popouts per specimen. requirements of this specification may be 560-720 35-45 200
rejected. Rejection shall be reported to 720-880 45-55 250
8.6 Test for Freezing and Thawing-Make 880-1040 55-65 300
freezing and thawing tests of concrete, the producer or supplier promptly and in
1040-1120 65-70 350
when required, in accordance with T 161. writing.

222