Senior High School

Department of Education
National Capital Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE
MARIKINA CITY

GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Quarter 1: Module 1
FUNCTIONS

Joel C. Hagos (FHS)

Writers:
Rowena R. Adagio (PHS)
Cover Illustrator: Joel J. Estudillo (SNNHS)

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. This will help
you master the Functions. The scope of this module (ABOUT THE LESSON
COVERED IN MELC) is to represent real-life situations using functions,
including piece-wise functions, evaluates a function, performs addition,
subtraction, multiplication, division, Composition of functions, and solves
problems involving functions.

This module is divided into 5 lessons:

Lesson 1: Functions as Representations of Real-Life Situations.
Lesson 2: Evaluation of Functions
Lesson 3: Operations on Functions
Lesson 4: Composition of Functions
Lesson 5: Problems Involving Functions

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. give real-life situations using functions, including piece-wise functions.
2. evaluate a function.
3. perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, division of functions.
4. perform composition of functions.
5. solve problems involving functions.

What I Know
Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. Determine which of the following represents a function.
A. C.
Input Output Input Output
-1 1 2 4
-1 2 2 4
-1 5 3 5
B. Input Output D. Input Output
3 9 1 4
3 -9 2 6
4 16 3 5

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
2. Which of the following graph represents a function?

A. y B. y

x x

C. y D. y

x x

3. If f(x) = x2 – 2x + 3 then f(1) equals

A. -2 B. 0 C. 2 D. 3
4. Evaluate: f(x) = 3x – 1, if x = 2.
A. -4 B. -5 C. 5 D. 6
5. What is the sum of the given expressions 2x and 4x?
A. 6x B. 6x2 C. x + 6 D. 2x+4
6. Given f(x) = x + 5 and g(x) = x – 5. What is (f ● g)(x)?
𝑥+5
A. 0 B. 1 C. 𝑥−5 D. x2 – 25
7. If f(x) = 2x + 3 and g(x) = 2x, find (f ° g)(x).
A. 3 B. 4x C. 4x – 3 D. 4x + 3

8. If f(x) = 2x + 3, find f(-2).

A. -1 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3

9. Suppose a company sells bicycles. The company's profit can be

represented by the function p(x) = x2 + 4x - 6300, where x is the number of
bikes sold. If the company sells 130 bicycles, what is the company's profit?
A. Php. 10, 120 B. Php. 12, 120 C. Php. 11, 120 D. Php. 13, 120

10. In Sumulong St., Parang, there are twice as many dogs as cats. How do
you represent this using equation? Let D = number of dogs and C = number
of cats.
A. D = 2(D – C) B. C = 2(D – C) C. D = 2C D. 2D = C

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 LESSON 1: Function as Representations of Real-Life
Situations.

What’s In
A. Describe Me! Describe the given diagram by writing the set of ordered
pairs.

Welding
STEM
Calculus
SMAW
Electronics
EPAS
ABM
Guide Questions:
EPAS
1. How many elements are there in the set of G GGG
ordered pairs
that you have
made?
2. Is there a repetition of the first coordinates? How about the second
coordinates?
2. Does the set of ordered pairs represent a function?

B. Function or Not Function. State whether each of the following is a

function or not. Write a brief explanation of your answer.

1. {(2,3),(4,5),(-3,-1),(0,1)} 2. {(1,-1),(0,0),(1,1),(3,5)}

3. x 1 2 3 4 5 4. x -2 -1 0 1 2
y ±1 ±4 ±9 ±16 ±25 y 4 5 5 3 3

5.

A1 -1
A2 0
1
A3 2

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
Here are different presentations of functions:

What’s New
A. Functions H and K as set of Ordered Pairs:
H = {(2,3),(4,5),(-3,-1),(0,1)}
K = {(-1,3),(0,5),(1,-1),(2,1)}

B. Functions as Equations:
f(x) = x – 2
g(x) = 2x + 5

C. Function p as Table of values: D. Function p as graph:

x 1 2 3 4 5
y 5 4 3 2 1

E. Functions as a Descriptive Rule (in words)

Examples:
F: a relation assigning a person to his/her height
G: a relation assigning a student to his/her strand (section)
F. Functions as a mapping diagram

1 3
2 8

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 What is It
Here you will learn about how functions, including piece-wise function represent
rea-ife situations.

Relations
Function
s

Figure 1: Relations and Functions

A Relation shows the correspondence between two non-empty sets. A
function is a relation which derives one OUTPUT for each given INPUT.The
members of the domain can be called inputs and the range can be called as
outputs.

Example 1: Domain Range

(Set of inputs) (Set of inputs)

Mickey 6
Rj Miguel 8.1
Ryne Matthew 6.5
Micah 6.3
Miles 7
Miguel

This relation is a function because each element in the domain

{𝑀𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑒𝑦, 𝑅𝑗 𝑀𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑒𝑙, 𝑅𝑦𝑛𝑒 𝑀𝑎𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑤, 𝑀𝑖𝑐𝑎ℎ, 𝑀𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠, 𝑀𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑒𝑙 } assigned to one
element in the range. Although the range element 6.5 is assigned to two
elements of the domain, Rj Miguel and Miguel, it is still a function since element
of the domain is assigned to each element of the domain.

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
Example 2: Are the following relations considered to be a function?
a. b.
Height(x) Weight(y) Input Output
Bread (Price)
77in 185 lb
Pandesal 150.00
65in 168 lb
Monay 150.00
65in 140 lb
Ensayma
180.00
62in 160 lb da
Pan De
70in 182 lb 180.00
Coco
Pan De
200.00
Leche

The given table of values in example 2.a is not a function since there are two
ordered pairs that have the same height. Example 2.b on the other hand,
represents a function.

The next example shows the relationship between two variables that can be
associated as a function.

Example 3: The relationship between time and temperature.

Answer: Definitely there is a relation between time and temperature. In specific
location or area, temperature is a function of time. For example, the brewing
pot temperature of coffee is 180℉ , the room temperature is 77℉. After 5
minutes the temperature of the coffee is 168℉.

Here are some examples on how to deal with problem solving involving
functions and piece-wise functions.

Example 4: A student who wants to earn extra income while studying got a job
at a certain food chain where he/she earns Php.450.00. Write the total
income/salary H as a function of the number n days that the student works.
Solution: H(n) -------- Total salary in terms of number of days you work
450.00------Salary in a day
n-----------Number of days you work
H(n) = 450n

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
A piecewise or compound function is a function defined by multiple sub
functions, where each sub function applies a certain portion of the main
function’s domain.

Example of piecewise function

a. g(x)= {2 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≤ 1 𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 1
b. Ms.Weng availed of a phone subscription plan that provides a monthly
allowance for calls. For a base rate of P300 per month, she can do a maximum
of 300 minutes of calls to all networks. Beyond this limit, she is charged P 5 per
minute of call. Represent the total amount that she will pay per month as a
function of the number of call minutes x made in calls.
Solution:
Let f (x) represents the amount paid by Ms. Weng each month.
It can be expressed by the piecewise function
f (x) = {300 𝑖𝑓 0 < 𝑥 ≤ 300 300 + 𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 300

c. The minimum fare for a tricycle ride costs P 20.00 for the first five kilometers
and each additional kilometer adds P 2.00 to the fare. Represent the tricycle
fare in terms of the distance d in kilometers using piecewise function.

Solution:
Let the input value is distance and the output as the cost of the tricycle fare. If
T(fd) represents the fare , then
T(fd)= {20 𝑖𝑓 0 < 𝑓𝑑 ≤ 5 20 +
2.00𝑓𝑑 𝑖𝑓 𝑓𝑑 > 5

What’s More

A. Indicate whether each relation represents a function. Write F if it is a function

and N if not.

1. Domain Range
1 -1
2 4
3
2. Domain Range
5
5 10
15
24

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
B. Determine if each ordered pair is a Function or a mere Relation. Give the
domain and range.
3. {(−1,2), (−3,4), (−5,6), (−7,8)}
Domain: ___________ Range: ___________

4.{(1,5), (3,7), (1,7), (9,8)}

Domain: ___________ Range: ___________

C. Tell whether the given graph describes a function or a relation.

5. 6.

What I Have Learned

Fill in the blanks with the correct answers to make the given statement true.

1. “___________ can be is a set of ordered pairs”. The ___________ of the

relation is the set of the first coordinates and the ___________is the set
of the second coordinates.
2. ___________ is a relation in which each element of the domain
corresponds to exactly___________ element of the range.
3. The members of the domain can be called as ___________ and the
members of the range can be called as ___________.
4. A ___________ function or a compound function is a function defined by
multiple functions where each function applies to a certain interval of the
main function’s domain.

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 What I Can Do

Problem solving: Solve and show your complete solutions.

In Barangay Magsaysay, a washing machine can be rented for
P500 for one day, but for the exceeding days, an additional of P200 per
day is added.
a. Represent the cost of renting a washing machine as a piecewise
function of the number of days it is rented.
b. If the renter was able to return the washing machine on the fifth day,
how much will he/she pay?
c. What if the washing machine was broken and the owner demands
the renter to pay for P15,000 in lieu of the machine. Would you agree
to pay if you were the renter? Why? Elaborate your answer.
Rubrics for problem solving
Score Description

15 points Complete solutions with 90-100% correct answer

10 points Complete solutions with 85-90% correct answer

5 points Incomplete solution with 50% incorrect answer

No point earned No output at all

Assessment
Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. Determine which of the following represents a function.
A. Input Output C. Input Output
-1 1 2 4
-1 2 2 4
-1 5 3 5
B. Input Output D. Input Output
3 9 1 4
3 -9 2 6
4 16 3 5

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 2. Which of the following sets of ordered pairs defines a function?
A. {(−1,4), (2,4), (2,5), (−4,4)(5, 4)} B. {(1,4), (2,4), (1,8), (1,14)}
C. {(−1,4), (−1,4), (−3,4), (−3,6)} D. {(1, −1), (2,4), (3,5), }

For item number 3– 4. Refer to the given data below.

Consider the following sets of ordered pairs below:
Set A {(3,4), (4,5), (5,6), (6,7), (7,8)}
Set B {(2,2), (2, −2), (3, −3), (3, −3), (4, −4)}
Set C {(0,1), (1,1), (2,1), (3,1), (5,1)}
3. What is the domain of Set A?
A. {3,4, 5, 6, 7} B. {3,4, 5, 6, } C. {3,4, 5, } D. {3,4, }
4. What is the range of Set B?
A. {2,4, 5, 6, 7} B. {3,4, 5, 6, } C. {2, −2, −3, −4, } D. {−3,3, }
5. Rona is working as an online tutor and is offered a rate P100 per hour. Her
earnings are related to the number of hours of work. How much will Rona
earn if she works for 5 hours a day?
A. P400.00 B. P500.00 C. P 600.00 D. P700.00

Additional Activities

A. Which of the following are functions?

G(x) = {(-1,0),(0,1),(1,2),(2,3)} H(x) = {(2,-1),(2,0),(3,4),(3,-3)}
P(x) = {(1,2),(2,4),(3,6),…(n,2n)}

B. Which of the following mapping diagrams represents functions?

1. 2.
1 -4 9
2 -3 8 13
3 -2 5 15
4 1 0 17

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 LESSON 2. Evaluation of Functions.

What’s In
A. Determine each graph if it is a Function or Not function.
1. 2.

B. List the domain and range of each of the following:

1. {(1,2),(2,3),(4,5),(6,7)}.
Domain: _______________________________
Range: _________________________________
2.
x -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0
y 3 5 7 9 11 13
Domain: _______________________________
Range: _________________________________
Follow Up Questions:
1. How will you know if the graph is a function or not function?
2. What if the domain is being map twice from the range? Is it a function?
3. How will you complete the table of values if there is something missing in the
domain and range? Explain your answer.

Given: y = ±√𝑥 which defines a relation in the set of positive rational numbers.

1. What are the values of y if x = 4? Write the ordered pairs having 4 as

the first element.
2. Give two more ordered pairs that belong to this relation?
3. What did you do to find the value of y?

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 What is It
What you will learn here is all about evaluating a function.
The input – output process can also be thought of in terms of a function
machine. Inputs from the domain are put into the machine and the machine
gives the proper output
Input
x

f x+2
output

This function machine, for the relation of f assigns to each input x the
output x+2. It adds 2 to each input. The outputs, for the inputs 8, -3, 0 and 5
are as follows:
8 10 -3 -1 0 2 5 7

The symbol f (x) denotes the number assigned to x by the function f. If

x is the input, f (x) is the output. We can write the above results as follows
where f (x) = x + 2.
f (8) = 8 + 2 = 10 f (-3) = -3 + 2 = -1

f (0) = 0+2=2 f (5) = 5 +2=7

The outputs of a function are also called function values. For

example above, we have f (8) = 10. We can say that “10 is the value of the
function f (x) = x +2 when x = 8.”

Note: The symbol f(x) is read as “f of x”. It is the mathematical shorthand for
“function of x”.
Examples 1:
Consider the f (x) = 2x2 + 5; find the following:
a. f(-2) b. f(0) c. f(3)

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
Solution:

a. f(-2) f (x) = 2x2 + 5 b. f (0) f (x) = 2x2 + 5

f (-2) = 2(-2)2 + 5 f (0) = 2(0)2 + 5
= 2(4) + 5 = 0 +5
= 8 +5 f (0) = 5
f (-2)= 13
c. f (3) f (x) = 2x2 + 5
f (3) = 2(3)2 + 5
= 2(9) + 5
= 18 + 5
f (3) = 23

Example 2: Evaluate the function f (x) = -x + 8, if:

a. f(-4) b. f(2) c. f(5)
Solution:
a. f(-4) f (x) = x + 8
f (-4) = (-4) + 8 Replace x with -4
f (-2) = 4

b. f(2) f (x) = x + 8
f (2) = (2) + 8 Replace x with 2
f (2) = 10

c. f(5) f (x) = x + 8
f (5) = (5) + 8 Replace x with 5
f (5) = 13

Example 3: If g(x)= {𝑥 2 + 6, 𝑥 <0 5𝑥 − 7 𝑥 ≥ 0,

Find the following: a. f(-5) b. f(5)

Solution:
a. To find f(-5), we let x = -5 and since -5 is less than 0, then, we
have to use the first line of the function 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 + 6. Thus,
g(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 + 6
= (-5)2 + 6
= 25 + 6
g(−5) = 31

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 b. To find f(5), we let x = 5 and since 5 is greater than 0, then, we
have to use the second line of the function 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 5𝑥 − 7. Thus,
g(5) = 5𝑥 − 7
= (5) 7 – 7
= 35 - 7
g(5) = 28

Let F, G, and H be represented as follows:

Graph of F(x)
G(x) is represented by ordered
pairs.

𝐺 (𝑥 ) = {(1, −2), (0,3), (1, −4)}

H(x) is represented by table of values.

x -2 -1 0 1 2
𝐻(𝑥) 5 -2 3 0 -4

What’s More

Complete the following table:

x 0 1 2

𝑝(𝑥) = 2x2 – x + 1

x -4 -2 -1
𝑥
𝑠(𝑥) = = 2

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 What I Have Learned
Fill in the blanks with the correct answers to make the given statement true.
1. The outputs of a function are also called ___________
2. The symbol f(x) is read as “___ of___” It is a mathematical shorthand for
___________ of x.
3. To find the value of f(2) = 4x+ 1, replace the value of x by ____ and add by
1 that will give the result of _____.
4. If f(x) = 12 – 7x, then f(2) = ______________.
5. If f(x) = √𝑥 + 1, then f(3) = ________________.

What I Can Do

Solve the given problem.

1. Mark started selling snacks in the nearby school. In one day he spends P
200 for rent and P 25 for each snack item he prepares. His expenses in a single
day can be expressed as the function C(x) = 25x +200, where x is the number
of items and C(x) is his daily expenses in pesos. How much are his expenses
if he prepares 100 snack items?

2.The function for the height of an object dropped from 100 meter tall platform
at time t in seconds is approximated by s(t) = 5t2 + 100.( This formula is based
on an approximated value for acceleration g = 10m/s2 due to gravity).

A. What is the height of the object after 2 seconds?

B. At what time will the object reach 50 meters?

Rubrics for the Performance Task.

Score Description

15 points Complete solutions with correct answers

10 points Correct answers with incomplete solutions.

5 points 50% correct answer with incomplete solution

No point earned No output at all

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 Assessment

Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. What is f(1) if f(x) = x2 – 2x + 3?
A. -2 B. 0 C. 2 D. 3
2. The ordered pair (0, 1) belongs to which of the following functions?
A. f(x) = x2 + 1 B. f(x) = x3 - 2 C. f(x) = x2 - 1 D. f(x) = 2x - 1
3. What is the value of the function f(x) = 3x-1 when x= 2?
A. -4 B. -5 C. 5 D. 6
4. Translate to mathematical sentence: the function f(x) is equal to thrice the
quotient of x and 5.
5 𝑋 𝑋
A. f(x) = 3x + 5 B. f(x) = 3 (𝑋) C. f(x) = (5 ) + 3 D. f(x) = 3 (5 )
5. Consider the function g(s) = 2s + 4. Find g(1).
A. 6 B. 5 C. 4 D. 3

LESSON 3. Operations on Functions.

What’s In
Given two functions, f (x) = 3x-1 and g(x) = x + 2:
1. Construct a table of values for functions f and g. 𝑁𝑜𝑡𝑒: 𝑥 = {−2, −1, 0,2}
2a: Add the results to come up with a table of values for f (x) + g(x). Will
the results be the same if we add the equations defining f and g and then
plug in the values from the domain?
2b: Subtract the results to come up with a table of values for f (x) - g(x).
Will the results be the same if we subtract the equations defining f and g and
then plug in the values from the domain?
2c: Multiply the results to come up with a table of values for f (x) • g(x).
Will the results be the same if we multiply the equations defining f and g and
then plug in the values from the domain?
𝑓(𝑥)
2d: Divide the results to come up with a table of values for 𝑔(𝑥) .Will the
results be the same if we divide the equations defining f and g and then plug
in the values from the domain? Are there any additional conditions in the
domain so that the quotient/answer is defined?

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 What’s New
This module focuses on learning operation on functions. Operations on
Functions are the same with operation on numbers and polynomials. For sure
you have learned how to add, subtract, multiply and divide numbers. This time,
you will learn how to find the sum, difference, product and quotient of functions.

What is It
Here you will learn all about the Operations on Functions.
Operations on Functions
Functions with overlapping domains can be added, subtracted,
multiplied and divided. If f(x) and g(x) are two functions, then for all x in the
domain of both functions the sum, difference, product and quotient are defined
as follows:

The Sum of f and g: (f + g)(x) = f(x) + g(x)

The Difference of f and g: (f – g)(x) = f(x) – g(x)
The Product of f and g: (f ● g)(x) = f(x) ● g(x)
The Quotient of f and g:= , g(x) is not equal to 0.

Example 1: Let f(x) = x + 4 and g(x) = x – 3. Determine the following

functions.
a. (f + g)(x) b. (f – g)(x)

c. (f●g)(x) d. (f/g)(x)
Solution:

a. The Sum of f and g: (f + g)(x) = (x+4) + (x – 3)

= 2x – 1

b. The Difference of f and g: (f – g)(x) = (x+4) – (x – 3)

= x+4 – x + 3
=7

c. The Product of f and g: (f ● g)(x) = f(x) ● g(x) = (x+4)(x – 3)

= x2 + x – 12
𝑓 𝑥+4
d. The Quotient of f and g: (𝑥) =
𝑔 𝑥−3

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
Use the following functions for Example 2.1 – 2.2 :
● p(x) = 3x + 1
● q(x) = x2 – 2x + 1

Example 2.1. Express the f1(x) = x2 + x + 1 as a sum or difference of the function

above.

Note: To express the function f1(x) = x2 + x + 2 involves trial and error in

getting the sum and difference of the functions above.
Let’s check if the sum of p(x) and q(x) = x2 + x + 2.
q(x) + p(x) ) = (x2 – 2x + 1) + (3x + 1)
= x2 + x + 2 = f1(x)
Therefore, f1(x) = q(x) + p(x).

Example 2. 2. Express the function f2 = x2 – 5x as the sum or difference of the

given functions above.

Note: To express the function f2(x) = x2 – 5x, it involves trial and error in
getting the sum and difference of the functions above.
Again, Let’s check if the difference of q(x) and p(x) = x2 – 5x
q(x) + p(x) = (x2 – 2x + 1) – (3x + 1)
= x2 – 5x = f2(x)
Therefore, f2(x) = q(x) – p(x).

What’s More

A. Perform the indicated operations on functions to the following.

Given the following functions:
f(x) = 3x + 2, g(x) = x2 – 1 and p(x) = x2 + 4x + 3

3. Find the difference

1. What is the sum of 2. Find f(x) + p(x).
of g(x) and
g(x) and p(x)? _______________
f(x).__________
_____________

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 6. Express
4. The product of p(x) 5. The quotient of p(x) f1(x)=x2+3x+1 as the
and f(x).__________. and g(x).__________ sum and
difference._______

B. Put Check mark (✓) if the statement or solution is correct otherwise put
cross mark (❌), then write the correct answer.

(✓) (❌) Correct Answer

1. The (g o f)(x) = f(g(x)). ___ ___ _________
2. Given the following f(x) = 3x – 2x and g(x) = x – 1.
2

a. the sum of f(x) and g(x) is equal to 3x2 – x – 1. ___ ___ __________
b. the difference of the function is 3x2 – 3x. ___ ___ __________
c. the product of f(x) and g(x) = 3x – 4x + 2x.
3 2 ___ ___ __________
d. The quotient of f(x) and g(x) = x(3x-2). ___ ___ __________

What I Have Learned

Fill in the Blanks. Write the correct term/s or expression/s that will complete
the sentences.
Operations with functions are just like we add, subtract, multiply and
divide ___1_____.
Definition. Let f and g be functions. The sum of the two functions is
denoted by ______2_______. Their difference is denoted by f – g, is the
function denoted by (f – g)(x) = ___________3________. The product of the
functions f ● g is denoted by ____4______ = ______5________. Their
quotient, denoted by f/g, is the function denoted by (f/g)(x) =
_________6________, if g(x) = 0 the quotient is _____7______.

What I Can Do

A. Perform the indicated operations on functions given the function f, g, and h

below.
f(x) = x – 3 g(x) = x2 – 9 h(x) = 2x + 4
1. (f + g)(x) 2. (g – h)(x) 3. (f + g + h) (x

𝑔
4. (f ● g)(x) 5. (𝑓 )(𝑥

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
Rubrics
Score Description

15 points Complete solutions with correct answers

10 points Correct answers with incomplete solutions.

5 points 50% correct answer with incomplete solution

No point earned No output at all

Assessment
Direction: Choose the letter that corresponds to the exact answer.
1. Given the functions f(x) = x2 − 8 and g(x) = 4 − x, determine the equation

for the combined function y = f (x ) − g(x).

A. y = x2 + x – 12 C. y = x2 + 32x − 4

B. y = x2 − 32x−12 D. y = x2 + x – 4
2. Given the functions f(x) = x3 – 25x and g(x) = x+5, determine the simplified
𝑓(𝑥)
equation for the combined function y = .
𝑔(𝑥)
𝑥
A. 𝑥+5 , 𝑥 ≠ −5 C. x(x – 5), x ≠ -5
𝑥
B. x(x+5), x ≠ -5 D. 𝑥−5 , 𝑥 ≠ −5√ 𝑥−1
3. Let f(x) = x – 4 and g(x) = x2 – 1, what is (f ● g)(x)?
A. x2 – 4x + 4 B. x3 +4x2+x+4 C. x3-4x2 –x+4 D. x3+4x2-x-4
4. Given p(x) = 12x2 + 8x and v(x) = 4x. Determine the function (p/v) (x).
A. 3x B. 4x C. 3x + 2 D. 3x – 2
5. What is the sum of the given expressions 2x and 4x?
A. 6x B. 6x2 C. x + 6 D. 2x+4

Additional Activities
Perform the indicated operations on the following functions.

Given: p (x) = x – 3 r (x) = x2 – 1 u (x) = 2x – 6

1. (p + r) (x) 2. (r – u) (x) 3. (p + r + u) (x)

𝑢
4. (r.u) (x) 5. (𝑝 ) (𝑥)

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 Lesson 4. Composition of Functions.

What’s In

A. Perform the indicated operation on functions.

Given: f(x) = x + 2 g(x) = x2 – 4 h(x) = 2x – 1
1. Find (f + g) (x).
2. What is the difference of g(x) and h(x)?
3. Divide: g(x) and f(x)
4. Multiply: h(x) and f(x)
5. Evaluate: (f + g + h) (2)

B. Evaluate the following:

𝑥+1
Given P(x) = 2x2 + 4x – 1 v(x) =
𝑥−1
1. Find P(1)
2. The sum of P(1) and P(-1)
3. Evaluate v(0).
4. The product of P(1) and v(0).
5. Find v(1).

Guide Questions.
1. What is evaluating a function?
2. What are the steps in evaluating a function?
3. What is the composition of a function?

What’s New
Given f (x) = x2 -3, determine the following:
A. f (x + 1) B. f (2x - 2) C.f (3x)

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 What is It
Another way of combining two functions is the so called composite
function. Composite function can be denoted by: f o g
The notation of the function f with g is (f ∘ g)(x) = f( g(x)) and is read f of g of x
. It means that wherever there is an x in the function f , it is replaced with the
function g(x) .
Example 1: Let f(x) = x2 and g(x) = x – 5.Find f(g(x)).
f(g(x) = f(x – 5)
= (x – 5)2
= x2 – 10x + 25

Example 2: Let f(x) = 2x + 1 and g(x) = 3x – 4. Find f(g(x)) and g(f(x)).

f(g(x)) = f(3x –4)
= 2(3x – 4)+1
= 6x – 8 + 1
= 6x – 7

g(f(x)) = g(2x+1)
= 3(2x + 1) – 4
= 6x +3 – 4
= 6x – 1
Note: Since 6x – 7 ≠6x – 1, therefore f(g(x)) ≠g(f(x)).

Example 3: Let f(x) = √2𝑥, g(x) = 3x2 – 2x , and h(x) = x + 1. Find the
following and determine also the domain.
a. ( g o h)(x) b. (f o g)(x) c. (h 0 h)

a. To find (g o h)(x) = g (h(x)

= 3(x+1)2 – 2(x+1)
= 3(x2 + 2x + 1) – 2x – 2
= 3x2 + 6x + 3 – 2x – 2
= 3x2 + 4x + 1
The domain is {x/x is a real number}.

b. To find (f o g)(x) = f(g(x))

= √2(3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥)
= √6𝑥 2 − 4𝑥
= √2𝑥(3𝑥 − 2)
2
The domain is {x/ x is an element of the interval [0, 3)}

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 c. To find ( h o h)(x) = h(h(x))
= h(x+1)
=x+1+1
=x+2
The domain is {x/x is any real number}

The domain of a composition ( f ∘ g )(x) = f ( g ( x) must be the set of

elements in the domain of g whose results are included in the domain of f. To
get the domain of a composite function, check the inner function and select
elements whose results can be found in the domain of the outer function.

What’s More
Composite Functions:

A. 1. Find f(g(x)) when f(x) = x - 7 and g(x) = 5x + 3.

2. Find h(g(n)) when h(n) = 3n + 5 and g(n) = n + 2.

B. Find the composite function given the following functions, and give it’s
domain.
1
f(x) = 4x – 5 g(x) = 𝑥 h(x) = 2𝑥 2

1. (f ° g)(x) 2. (g ° f)(x) 3. (f ° h)(x)

4. (h ° g)(x) 5. (h ° f)(x) 6. (f + (h ° g))(x)

What I Have Learned

Fill in the Blanks: Complete the sentences by filling the blanks with the
appropriate expression/term/s.
It is a way of combining two functions and it is called ______1_____.
Composite function can be denoted
by__________________2_____________.

The notation of the function f with g is _______3_____________and is

read _______4_____________. It means that wherever there is an x in the
function f , it is replaced with the function g(x) . The domain of ___5_____is
the set of all x in the domain of g such that ____6_______ is in the domain of
f.

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 What I Can Do

Word Problem:
Before Novel Corona Virus (COVID19) struck our country, you bought canned
sardines for Php.16.00 each from the supermarket and a shopping cart which
costs Php 50 to transport the cans of sardines. Now, you are selling the cans
of sardines for Php.28 each to the survivors of this pandemic.
1. Find the function that represents the cost for the cans of sardines and the
cart.
2. Give the function that represents how much revenue you make in selling
the cans of sardines.
3. Write the function that represents your profit from selling the cans of sardines
to the pandemic survivors.
4. Determine how much profit you make from selling 20 cans of sardines.
Note: C-----represent the number of cost of cans of sardines
X ----Number of cans of sardines
R-----Represent the revenue
P-----Represent the profit
Rubrics for problem solving
Score Description

15 points Complete solutions with correct answers

10 points Correct answers with incomplete solutions.
5 points 50% correct answer with incomplete solution
No point
No output at all
earned

Assessment

Choose the letter that corresponds to the exact answer.

1. Given p(x) = 4x – 5 and g(x) = x – 3, find p(g(3)).
A. -4 B. 4 C. -5 D. 5
2. Find g(p(0)) if p(x) = 4x – 5 and g(x) = x – 3.
A. -8 B. 8 C. -17 D. 17

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
3. Find (f ° f)(x) if f(x) = 3x – 4.
A. 3x + 8 B. 3x – 8 C. 9x + 16 D. 9x – 16
2
4. Which expression represents f(g(x)), if f(x) = x + x and g(x) = 3x + 1?
A. 3x2 + 3x + 1 B. 3x2 + 3x C. (3x2 + 1) D. (3x+1)2 + 3x + 1

5. If h(x) = x2 and p(x) = 3x - 1, find h(p(x)).

A. (3x – 1) B. (3x – 1)2 C. 9x2 – 1 D. 12x2 + 1

Additional Activities

Determine the composite function given the following functions below.

F(x) = 5x – 2 G(x) = √𝑥 − 3

1. (F o G)(x) 2. (G o F)(x)
3. (F o F)(x) 4. (G o G)(x)

Lesson 5. Problems Involving Functions.

What’s In
A. Mapping – Function or Not Function:
Input Output Input Output

1 1 -1 3
2 3 0 7
3 5 1 11
4 7 2 15

Figure 1 Figure 2
_______________________ ________________________
Write a brief explanation on the difference between a mapping that is a
function and one that is not.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
B. Mapping of Bank logos to their respective tag-lines or slogan.

Banco de Oro-Wikipedia Make the Best Happen

We Help You Grow

Manila Bulletin Business

You’re Life Your Bank

GetGo.com.ph

You’re in Good Hands

Wikipedia

We Find Ways

Manila Bulletin Business

Guide Questions:
1. How will you determine if the mapping diagram is a function or not?
2. How will you determine if the graph is a one-to-one function?
3. In your own opinion, how important is the term function in your life?

What’s New
A function is described as a machine that generates output in correlation
to a given input. So, if f(x) = 3x – 1, then f(4) = 11. Understanding this behavior
is very important in recognizing the difference of input/output correlations in the
real world. Again, function provides a mathematical way to model or represent
situations where a certain input will provide a certain output.

26
DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 Since, functions can be seen
anywhere, a simple application of function is
technology, where machine learning is more
on learning functions.
Examples:
1. Mapping of images to the owner of
fb account users.
2. Mapping of the names of account
holders to their ATM account numbers.
3. Mapping of numbers of positive
Covid-19 patients to their respective regions in the NCR.
The function Machine-Math Insight

What is It

First, let us define once again the term function.

Function, in mathematics, is an expression, rule, or law that defines a
relationship between one variable (the independent variable) and another
variable (the dependent variable). Functions are present in mathematics and
are essential for formulating physical relationships in the sciences. The modern
definition of function was first given in 1837 by the German mathematician
Peter Dirichlet:
If a variable y is so related to a variable x that whenever a numerical
value is assigned to x, there is a rule according to which a unique value of y is
determined, then y is said to be a function of the independent variable x.
This relationship is commonly symbolized as y = f(x). In addition to f(x),
other abbreviated symbols such as g(x) and P(x) are often used to represent
functions of the independent variable x, especially when the nature of the
function is unknown or unspecified.

Now, let us study the various applications of functions to the real world.
Here are some examples of solving problems in real world involving functions.
1. Circle. The formula in getting the area of a circle, A = лr 2, where the
dependent variable is A (Area) as a function to the independent variable r
(radius)
Example 1: Mr. Marvin is a talented painter and he is about to paint a large
circle on the wall of his new house. He plans that the largest distance across
the circle will be 10 feet. How many square feet will the circle cover on the wall
of his house.

27
DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
Solution: The area of a circle is A = лr2.
Note: If you are asked to compute the number square covered feet
it only means you are to find the area.
A = лr2.
A = 25л
A ≈ 78.54
Thus, Mr. Marvin’s circle will cover about 78.54 of his wall.
2. Distance Travel.
Example 2: Jogging at the rate of 8 km/h a woman covered certain distance in
1 hr 30 min. Jogging at a speed of 20 km/h the woman will cover the same
distance.
Solution: Distance = Speed x times
Where: t = 1 hr 3o min = 3/2 hr
3
Distance = 8 x 2 = 12 km
New Speed = 20 km/h
𝐷 12
Therefore, time = = x60 = 36 min.
𝑆 20
3. Compound Interest. Here the inputs are the principal amount, interest rate,
and the durations of time of the loan/investment.
Example 3: A principal of Php.3000 is placed in a savings account at 5% per
annum compounded annually. How much is in the account after one year, two
years and three years?
Solution:
When interest is compounded annually, total amount A after t years is
given by: A = P(1 + r) t, where P is the initial amount (principal), r is the
rate and t is time in years.

1year:A = 3000(1 + 0.05) 1 = Php.3150

2 years: A = 3000(1 + 0.05) 2 = Php.3307.5
3 years: A = 3000(1 + 0.05) 3 = Php.3472.88
4. Temperature: If you look at how temperature varied over a time period
during the day, you will see temperature as a function over time.

Example 4. For a room temperature of 76℉, the temperature T of a mug

initially at 180℉ decreases in x in minutes according to the formula:
𝑇(𝑥) = 76 + 104𝑒 −0.025𝑥

Here are the other functions as representations of real-life situations:

Example 5. My officemate wants to buy another meal as an addition to his

food. The cost of buying one meal is Php.50.00. Use function P in representing
the cost of buying x meals.
Solution: Note: The meal costs Php.50.00
Thus, the function is P(x) = 50x

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
Example 6. The mother of my cousin bought a cellphone for him as a gift for
his coming birthday. The cellphone is actually a mobile plan that charges
Php.350 monthly that includes 100 free text messages. Each message sent
exceeding this allocation is charged P1. What is the monthly cost for text
messages? Use function f(x), where x is the number of messages sent in a
month.
Solution: this problem can be expressed using piecewise function.
F(x) = {350, 𝑖𝑓 0 < 𝑥 ≤ 100 350 + 𝑥, 𝑖𝑓 𝑚 > 100 }

What’s More

A. Illustrate the function H, a relation that relates the names of Philippine

Presidents with their birth months.
H = {_________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________}.
B. Identify which are functions and which are merely relations. Explain your
answers.
1. The rule which assigns to each students to his/her LRN.
Explanation:
______________________________________________________
2. The rule which assigns to each teacher to his/her employee
number.
Explanation:
______________________________________________________
3. Chemical elements to its chemical symbol.
Explanation:
______________________________________________________
C. Problem Solving:
In Barangay Fortune, Mang Roberto plans to make dishwashing products as
a means of livelihood. The weekly profit P (in pesos) is a function of number
of bottles b of dishwashing products per week. The function approximating
the profit is defined as.
P(b) = 5b – 5, where 0≤ 𝑏 ≤ 20

29
DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
1. Construct the table showing the relation between the number of
dishwashing bottles and weekly profit.

b
P(b)

2. How much is Mang Roberto’s profit if he made 10 dishwashing bottles in a

week
3. Estimate his profit if he made 50 bottles of dishwashing products in a
week?
4. What is P(0)? Interpret the value in the context of the problem.

What I Have Learned

Activity 2: “Bridge the Gap” Fill the spaces with the correct missing terms.

1? Rule of the Function 2?

(Process)

Function Machine:

A _____3_____ is a “machine” that generates some ______4_______ in

correlation to a given ____5________. Function is also an ____6_____,
_____7____, or law that defines a relationship between one variable (the
_________8_______ variable) and another variable (the _______9________
variable).

What I Can Do

Read, analyze, and solve the following problems. Write your answers in a
separate sheet of paper.

30
DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
Problem Solving:
1. Mr. Radec’s Pansit Palabok costs Php.25 with the first topping, and then
an additional Php.5 for each additional topping. If n represents the number
of toppings on the Pansit Palabok, what function represents the total cost
of an order of Pansit Palabok with at least one topping.
What is your answer?

2. What would a savings account of Php 15,000 become if it has a non-

compounded interest of 5% per year for 5 years?

Rubrics for problem solving

Score Description

15 points Complete solutions with correct answers

10 points Correct answers with incomplete solutions.
5 points 50% correct answer with incomplete solution
No point
No output at all
earned

Assessment
Choose the letter that corresponds to the exact answer.
1. In the function y = f(x), “y “ is classified as.
A. Dependent variable c. Both a and b
B. Independent variable d. Neither a nor b
2. Which of the following can be used to represent a function?
A. equation B. graph C. table D. all of the above
3. Suppose a company sells bicycles. The company's profit can be represented
by the function p(x) = x2 + 4x - 6300, where x is the number of bikes sold. If the
company sells 130 bicycles, what is the company's profit?
A. Php. 10, 120 B. Php. 12, 120 C. Php. 11, 120 D. Php. 13, 120
4. A certain bottled soda drink costs Php.25.00 per bottle. If you buy 12 bottles
more, they will be marked down to a price of Pph.22.00. Present the cost in
terms of the number of bottled soda drinks bought. Use piecewise function.

31
DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 A. f(n) = {25𝑛, 𝑖𝑓 0 < 𝑛 ≤ 12} C. f(n) = {25𝑛, 𝑖𝑓 0 < 𝑛 ≤
12 22𝑛, 𝑖𝑓 𝑛 > 12 }
B. f(n) = {22𝑛, 𝑖𝑓 𝑛 > 12 D. f(n) = {22𝑛, 𝑖𝑓 0 < 𝑛 ≤
12 25𝑛, 𝑖𝑓 𝑛 > 12 }
5. A working student is earning Php 250 per day as a part time job. Express the
total salary T as a function of the number n of days that the working student
works.
A. T(n) = 250n B. T(n) = 250n2 C. T(n) = 250 – n D. T(n) = 250 + n

Additional Activities
List at least 5 different applications of functions in real life situations. Make a
brief explanation for each.
As dry air moves upward, it expands and cools. The air temperature A(x) in
degrees Celsius at an altitude of x kilometers above sea level is given by the
equation A(x) = 27 – 9x.
a. At what specific altitude will dry air have a temperature of 3℃?
b. Evaluate A(0). What does this figure mean in the context of the
problem?

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 References

https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-applications-of-functions-in-real-life.
https://www.educationworld.com/a_curr/mathchat/mathchat010.shtml.
https://www.britannica.com/science/function-mathematics
https://people.richland.edu/james/lecture/m116/functions/combinations.html.
https://cdn.kutasoftware.com/Worksheets/Alg2/Function%20Operations.pdf
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9LAcjoUBFEI.
https://www.varsitytutors.com/hotmath/hotmath_help/topics/operations-on-
functions.
https://www.mathsisfun.com/sets/functions-operations.html.
https://www.purplemath.com/modules/fcnops.htm.
https://ph.images.distance_graph.gif&action=click.

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 Development Team of the Module

Writers: Joel C. Hagos (Fortune High School)

Rowena R. Adagio (Parang High School)
Editors: Annalyn C. Santos (Marikina Science High School-Head Teacher III)
Olive R. Lomibao, (Sta. Elena High School-Head Teacher III)
Ma. Victoria Ambas (Marikina Science High School – Teacher I)
Internal Reviewer: Dominador J. Villafria (Education Program Supervisor-Mathematics)
Freddie D. Viernes (Public School District Supervisor)
External Validator: Kervin Ray G. Torrente (Ateneo De Manila University-ABM Coordinator)
Cover Illustrator: Joel J. Estudillo (SNNHS)
Management Team:
Sheryll T. Gayola
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
OIC, Office of the Schools Division Superintendent

Elisa O. Cerveza
Chief, CID
OIC, Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Dominador J. Villafria
Education Program Supervisor-Mathematics

Ivy Coney A. Gamatero

Education Program Supervisor– LRMS

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Schools Division Office- Marikina City

Email Address: [email protected]

191 Shoe Ave., Sta. Elena, Marikina City, 1800, Philippines

Telefax: (02) 682-2472 / 682-3989

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE