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LESSON 2

THE WEB AND THE INTERNET

I. Module Overview

This module provides the students with the discussion about the web and the internet.

II. Desired Learning Outcome

At the end of this unit, the students should be able to:

• define internet, web and other Internet concepts and terms
• explain how to navigate Web pages

III. Take off/Motivation

Answer the question.

Will you take or go to the direction where there is no internet? Why or why not?

Image from:swginc.com

IV. Content Focus

What is the Internet?

 The INTERNET is the largest computer network in the world. It is a collection of local,
regional, national, and international computer networks. These networks are linked
together to exchange data and share processing tasks. It is commonly termed as the
network of networks. It is a giant public highway system containing vast amount of
information.
 It was conceived in the 1960’s as a communication system from the military to link
computers throughout the US so that messages could still be transmitted even in time of
crisis. This project was called ARPANET (Advanced Research Project Agency Network)
which was then operated by the US Department of Defense’s Advanced Research
Project Agency (ARPA) linked government data centers to research facilities and some
universities which were given defense related funding.
 The Internet is a global network of computers communicating under one set of guidelines,
formally called the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP).
 The Internet is more than a physical network of wires linking individual computers to one
another. It is also a network of people and information resources.
 The Internet is not a specific place, company, or service, although places, companies and
services are accessible via the Internet. Nobody owns the Internet.
 Today, aside from its popular use as a communication tool, it has also become a good
source of information not only for research purposes but also for any conceivable
application like job search, shopping, sharing files, music and videos, learning online,
voicing ideas and opinions on specific topic of interest, getting new software, reading the
latest news, and so much more.
 The Internet is a vast network that connects computers all over the world. Through
the Internet, people can share information and communicate from anywhere with an
Internet connection
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Introduction

The Internet is an increasingly important part of everyday life for people around the world. But if you've
never used the Internet before, all of this new information might feel a bit confusing at first.

What is the Internet?

The Internet is a global network of billions of computers and other electronic devices. With the Internet,
it's possible to access almost any information, communicate with anyone else in the world, and do much
more.

You can do all of this by connecting a computer to the Internet, which is also called going online. When
someone says a computer is online, it's just another way of saying it's connected to the Internet.

How to connect to the Internet?

 Basically you will need:

 a personal computer
 a modem and a telephone line
 an Internet Service Provider (provides the software, the IP address, and the link
to the Internet)
 a network card, if connecting to home or to an office network
 To access to the Internet your computer must have special hardware and software. You
need equipment called a router. The router connects to your computer and to the Internet.
Computers connect to the Internet either wires or wirelessly. To connect to the Internet,
you also need an Internet Service Provider. This is a company that provides the service of
connecting the router to the Internet.
 There are several different technologies that can be used to connect to the Internet. The
most common and also the easiest and cheapest is to use a modem to connect to an ISP
via a telephone line.
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What can you do on the Internet?

 World Wide Web
 Electronic Mail
 FTP
 Talk / Chat
 Online information resources
 Other

For further readings, follow this link: http://www.just.edu.jo/~mqais/cis99/PDF/Internet.pdf

The World Wide Web

 The World Wide Web is the collective name for all the computer files in the world that are:
accessible through the Internet and located on a large number of Web servers; electronically
linked together through the HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and HyperText Markup
Language (HTML); viewed, experienced or retrieved through a “browser” program running on
your computer.

 Then Internet is the network that carries Web pages to computers. Web pages can include text,
photos, videos, animations, and sounds. The Web is the part of the Internet.

What is the Web?

The World Wide Web—usually called the Web for short—is a collection of different websites you can

access through the Internet. A website is made up of related text, images, and other resources. Websites
can resemble other forms of media—like newspaper articles or television programs—or they can be
interactive in a way that's unique to computers.

The purpose of a website can be almost anything: a news platform, an advertisement, an online library, a
forum for sharing images, or an educational site like us!

Once you are connected to the Internet, you can access and view websites using a type of application
called a web browser. Just keep in mind that the web browser itself is not the Internet; it only displays
websites that are stored on the Internet.
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How does the Internet work?

At this point you may be wondering, how does the Internet work? The exact answer is pretty
complicated and would take a while to explain. Instead, let's look at some of the most important things
you should know.

It's important to realize that the Internet is a global network of physical cables, which can include copper
telephone wires, TV cables, and fiber optic cables. Even wireless connections like Wi-Fi and 3G/4G rely
on these physical cables to access the Internet.

When you visit a website, your computer sends a request over these wires to a server. A server is where
websites are stored, and it works a lot like your computer's hard drive. Once the request arrives, the
server retrieves the website and sends the correct data back to your computer. What's amazing is that
this all happens in just a few seconds!

Other things you can do on the Internet

One of the best features of the Internet is the ability to communicate almost instantly with anyone in the
world. Email is one of the oldest and most universal ways to communicate and share information on the
Internet, and billions of people use it. Social media allows people to connect in a variety of ways and
build communities online.

There are many other things you can do on the Internet. There are thousands of ways to keep up with
news or shop for anything online. You can pay your bills, manage your bank accounts, meet new
people, watch TV, or learn new skills. You can learn or do almost anything online.
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What Can You Do Online?

Introduction

There's almost no limit to what you can do online. The Internet makes it possible to quickly find
information, communicate with people around the world, manage your finances, shop from home, listen to
music, watch videos, and much, much more. Let's take a look at some of the ways the Internet is most
commonly used today.

Finding information online

With billions of websites online today, there is a lot of information on the Internet. Search engines make
this information easier to find. All you have to do is type one or more keywords, and the search engine
will look for relevant websites.

For example, let's say you're looking for a new pair of shoes. You could use a search engine to learn
about different types of shoes, get directions to a nearby shoe store, or even find out where to buy them
online!

There are many different search engines you can use, but some of the most popular
include Google, Yahoo!, and Bing.
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Email

Short for electronic mail, email is a way to send and receive messages across the Internet. Almost
everyone who uses the Internet has their own email account, usually called an email address. This is
because you'll need an email address to do just about anything online, from online banking to creating a
Facebook account.

Social networking

Social networking websites are another way to connect and share with your family and friends online.
Rather than sharing with just a few people over email, social networks make it easier
to connect and share with many people at the same time. Facebook is the world's largest social
networking site, with more than 1 billion users worldwide.
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Chat and instant messaging

Chat and instant messaging (IM) are short messages sent and read in real time, allowing you to
converse more quickly and easily than email. These are generally used when both (or all) people are
online, so your message can be read immediately. By comparison, emails won't be seen until recipients
check their inboxes.

Examples of instant messaging applications include Yahoo Messenger and Google Hangouts. Some

sites, like Gmail and Facebook, even allow you to chat within your web browser.

Online media

There are many sites that allow you to watch videos and listen to music. For example, you can watch
millions of videos on YouTube or listen to Internet radio on Pandora. Other services,
like Netflix and Hulu, allow you to watch movies and TV shows. And if have a set-top streaming box,
you can even watch them directly on your television instead of a computer screen.
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Everyday tasks

You can also use the Internet to complete many everyday tasks and errands. For example, you can
manage your bank account, pay your bills, and shop for just about anything. The main advantage here
is convenience. Rather than going from place to place, you can do all of these tasks at home!

How do I connect to the Internet?

Once you've set up your computer, you may want to purchase home Internet access so you can send
and receive email, browse the Web, stream videos, and more. You may even want to set up a home
wireless network, commonly known as Wi-Fi, so you can connect multiple devices to the Internet at the
same time.

Types of Internet service

The type of Internet service you choose will largely depend on which Internet service providers (ISPs)
serve your area, along with the types of service they offer. Here are some common types of Internet
service.

 Dial-up: This is generally the slowest type of Internet connection, and you should
probably avoid it unless it is the only service available in your area. Dial-up Internet uses
your phone line, so unless you have multiple phone lines you will not be able to use
your landline and the Internet at the same time.

 DSL: DSL service uses a broadband connection, which makes it much faster than dial-
up. DSL connects to the Internet via a phone line but does not require you to have a
landline at home. And unlike dial-up, you'll be able to use the Internet and your phone
line at the same time.

 Cable: Cable service connects to the Internet via cable TV, although you do not
necessarily need to have cable TV in order to get it. It uses a broadband connection and
can be faster than both dial-up and DSL service; however, it is only available where
cable TV is available.

 Satellite: A satellite connection uses broadband but does not require cable or phone
lines; it connects to the Internet through satellites orbiting the Earth. As a result, it can
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be used almost anywhere in the world, but the connection may be affected by weather
patterns. Satellite connections are also usually slower than DSL or cable.

 3G and 4G: 3G and 4G service is most commonly used with mobile phones, and it
connects wirelessly through your ISP's network. However, these types of connections
aren't always as fast as DSL or cable. They will also limit the amount of data you can
use each month, which isn't the case with most broadband plans.

The Web components

 Web browsers and servers - Web browsers are application software used to access files or
applications, which are located and run by Web servers.
 Web contents - files in several formats - text, multimedia, video, audio, etc - that are available
through the World Wide Web
 HTTP and HTML - HTTP is the protocol used on the World Wide Web to transfer files from one
computer to another, while HTML is used to format and display Web pages

What is a web app?

Previously, we talked about how desktop applications allow you to perform tasks on your computer. But
there are also web applications—or web apps—that run in the cloud and do not need to be installed on
your computer. Many of the most popular sites on the Internet are actually web apps. You may have even
used a web app without realizing it! Let's take a look at some popular web apps.

 Facebook: Facebook lets you create an online profile and interact with your friends.

Profiles and conversations can be updated at any time, so Facebook uses web app
technologies to keep the information up to date.

 Pixlr: Pixlr is an image editing application that runs in your web browser. Much
like Adobe Photoshop, it includes many advanced features, like color correction and
sharpening tools.
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 Google Docs: Google Docs is an office suite that runs in your browser. Much

like Microsoft Office, you can use it to
create documents, spreadsheets, presentations, and more. And because the files are
stored in the cloud, it's easy to share them with others.

HTTP and HTML

 Web servers and browsers use HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP), an Internet-standard
protocol, to handle the transfer of text and other files between different computers.
 HTTP defines how messages are formatted and transmitted, and what actions Web servers and
browsers should take in response to various commands.
 HTML defines how Web pages are formatted and displayed by web browsers
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Web Browsers and Servers

1. User sends request.

2. Browser interprets user’s selection and makes request from appropriate
server.
3. Server accepts and processes request from browser.

How do I view a Web Page?

To view Web pages on your computer, you need a software program called a Web
browser. Popular Web browsers include Microsoft Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, Mozilla
Firefox and Apple Safari. You enter a URL in the Address box of the browser window. If you are
viewing a Web page, you can also click a link to view another Web page.

Using a web browser

A web browser is a type of software that allows you to find and view websites on the Internet. Even if you
didn't know it, you're using a web browser right now to read this page! There are many different web
browsers, but some of the most common ones include Google Chrome, Internet
Explorer, Safari, Microsoft Edge, and Mozilla Firefox.

Link
A link (also called a hyperlink) is text, a graphic, or other object on a Web page that is
linked to another Web page or another area on the current web page. You click a link to “jump” to
another Web page, Web site or place on the same Web page. Links are the main tool you will use
to navigate among Web pages.

Links

Whenever you see a word or phrase on a website that's blue or underlined in blue, it's probably
a hyperlink, or link for short. You might already know how links work, even if you've never thought about
them much before. For example, try clicking the link below.

Hey, I'm a link! Click me!

Links are used to navigate the Web. When you click a link, it will usually take you to a different webpage.
You may also notice that your cursor changes into a hand icon whenever you hover over a link.
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If you see this icon, it means you've found a link. You'll find other types of links this way too. For example,
many websites actually use images as links, so you can just click the image to navigate to another
page.

What is URL?

URL (Uniform Resource Locator). The URL for a Web page indicates the computer on
which it is stored, its location on the Web server, the folder name or names indicating where it is
stored, its filename, and its file extension. Most browsers provide a space near the top of the
window for entering URLs. A URL never contains a space, even after a punctuation mark. An
underline character is sometimes used to give the appearance between words.

Example and parts of a URL

A URL has two main components:

 Protocol identifier: For the URL http://example.com, the protocol identifier is http.

protocol path name

http://www.chicagosymphony.org/civicconcerts/index.htm

Domain name/ filename

resource name

Note that the protocol identifier and the resource name are separated by a colon and two forward
slashes. The protocol identifier indicates the name of the protocol to be used to fetch the resource. The
example uses the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), which is typically used to serve up hypertext
documents. HTTP is just one of many different protocols used to access different types of resources on
the net. Other protocols include File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Gopher, File, and News.

Common Domain Top Levels Types:

.COM for Commercial Organizations Ex: www.yahoo.com

.NET for Network Organizations Ex:www.internic.net

.GOV for parts of Govt within US Ex:www.nasa.gov

.EDU for educational Institutes Ex:www.mit.edu

.MIL for classified Military networks Ex:www.xxx.mil

.ORG for nonprofit Organizations Ex:www.cdc.org

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URLs and the address bar

Each website has a unique address, called a URL (short for Uniform Resource Locator). It's like a
street address that tells your browser where to go on the Internet. When you type a URL into the
browser's address bar and press Enter on your keyboard, the browser will load the page associated with
that URL.

In the example below, we've typed www.bbc.com/travel into the address bar.

Sample URL's

 http://lcweb.loc.gov
 http://www.ifla.org
 http://www.ala.org
 http://library.albany.edu/internet/
 http://www.internet101.org/
 http://whatis.techtarget.com/
 http://webopedia.internet.com/

What does it mean if I see http:// in the Address box?

Most URLs begin with http://. HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is the technology used to
transport Web Pages over the Internet. You might also see https://, which is used for additional security
at Web sites such as those that offer banking and shopping. When typing a URL, you do not have to type
the http://. Typing www.livingintheitera.com/ work just as well as typing
http://www.livingintheitera.com/. Be sure to use the correct type of slash – always a forward slash.

V. Take-off
Give your opinion or ideas about the following questions below. 10 points each.
1. Do you think people have a responsibility to act as good “digital citizens” when they use the
Internet? Why or why not?
2. What are some of the challenges in making the Internet a safer place? Give at least one example
and explain.
3. Do you think having so much access to the Internet makes it easier or harder to grow up in your
generation? Why?

VI. Assessment
Multiple choice Test:
Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. Servers are computers that provide resources to other computers connected to a?

a. Client b. mainframe c. super computer d. network

2. A program that is used to view websites is called a?

a. Browser b. Web viewer c. Spreadsheet d. Word processor

3. Which of the following is not a type of broadband internet connection?

a.  Satellite b. DSL c. Dial up d. Cable

4. A typical modern computer use?

a.  Valves b. LSI chips c. vacuum tubes d. All of these

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5. What is the term for unsolicited Email?

a.   Spam backbone c. Usenet d. news group

6. Sending an E-mail is similar to?

a. Sending a package b. Talking on the phone c. Writing a letter d. Drawing a picture

7. Internet is?

a. A worldwide interconnected network of computers which use a common protocol to

communicate with one another

b. A worldwide network of computers

c. An interconnected network of computers

d. A local computer network

8. The process of connecting to the internet account is?

a. Sing in b. Sing out c. Login d. Logout

9. Smart card is?

a.  Processing unit for software handling

b. Processing unit contains memory for storing data

c. Microprocessor cards

d. Special purpose cards

10. A proxy server is used for which of the following?

a. To provide TCP/IP

b. To process client requests for database access

c. To process client requests for web pages

d. To provide security against unauthorized users

11. Rules for exchanging data between computers are called ?

a. Procedures b. Protocols c. Hyperlinks d. Programs

12. Personal logs or journal entries posted on the web are known as?

a. Smart logs b. Photo c. Blogs d. All of these

13. The ____ project allows access to the universe of online information using two simple

user interface operations.

a. World-wide web b. IP address c. Web browser d. All of these

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14. A ____ is a software application for retrieving, presenting, and traversing information

resources on the World Wide Web.

a. HTTP b. E-mail c. web browser d. Search Engine

15. Which of the following would you find on linked in?

a. Applications b. chat c. Connections d. Games

VII. Self-reflect

Is your life complete with or without the Internet? Reflect to the picture and question below and
answer.

Image from: slideshare.net

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REFERENCE

 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
277836873_Introduction_to_information_and_communication_technologies_-_Module_1
 https://www.slideshare.net/CikguTgs/chap-4-social-impact-of-ict
 https://egyanagar.osou.ac.in/download-slm.php?file=CLA-03-BLOCK-01.pdf
 Albano, G., Atole, R. & Ariola, R. (2003). Introduction to Information Technology.
 Empowerment Technologies | Rex Book Store & Innovative Training Works, Inc.
 Parsons, J & Oja, D. (2012). Understanding Computer Concepts.
 docs.oracle.com