International Islamic University Chittagong

DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Open Ended Lab Project

November 2022

PIR SENSOR BASED MOTION DETECTOR

Name & ID ET201039 MD.Asif Rahat
ET201040 Mohin Uddin
Semester Spring 2022
Section 5A
Student Identity

Project Information

Project Name Arduino PIR SENSOR BASED

MOTION DETECTOR

Course Code EEE-3506

Course Title Microprocessor and
Interfacing Sessional
Date of Submission 4/11/2022
Submitted By Dr. Sikder Sunbeam Islam
Associate Professor
Dept. of EEE, IIUC

Introduction
 A motion detector is a device that detects moving objects especially
people. It is often integrated as a component of a smart system to receive
alerts. It contains a Pyroelectric sensor which is an optical sensor that
senses the moving object through emission or reflection of infrared rays.
It is sensitive to a person's skin temperature through emitted black body
radiation at mid-infrared wavelengths, in contrast to background objects
at room temperature. [1] PIR Sensors have a 3 pin circuit, one is the
ground pin, other is the supply voltage pin generally 5V and the third pin
is the output signal pin.[1]

The PIR sensor board results in a digital output which we recognize as a

pin having a flip from low to high or high to low. It is difficult to
differentiate between different energy emitting bodies like humans,
animals, moving objects, heat emitting bodies, etc. Thus a potentiometer
is generally used to tune the frequency of the input system to that of the
emitting source to be selective. Once the moving body is out of the range
of the detection of the sensor, it results in a low signal indicating the
absence and thus system goes to a stand by state waiting for an input
radiation. [1]

This system can be used at any place where security is needed. Security is
needed by everyone in the society now-a-days to protect their property
or confidential information from others which is sensor sense a human
motion and then transmit the signal wirelessly. [2]

Once the sensor is triggered, system will have around 5 second to run the
function. After 5 second and sensor does not detect any motion, Buzzer
will be switched OFF automatically. [2]

Components Required

 Arduino Uno × 1
 Breadboard × 1
 PIR Sensor × 1
 Led × 1
 Resistor × 1
 Buzzer × 1
 Jumper Wire

Defining Arduino Uno:

5
 An Arduino is actually a microcontroller based kit which can be either
used directly by purchasing from the vendor or can be made at home
using the components, owing to its open source hardware feature. It is
basically used in communications and in controlling or operating many
devices. The word " Uno " means "one" in Italian and was chosen to
mark the initial release of Arduino Software[5,6,7,8,9]

WHAT IS BREADBOARD
A breadboard is a device for testing
temporary electronics projects.
Components used to test a circuit can
be reused for other projects. None of
the components are damaged.

PIR SENSOR [4]

The Term PIR is the short form of the
Passive Infrared. The term “passive”
indicates that the sensor does not actively
take part in the process, which means, it
does not emit the referred IR signals
itself, rather passively detects the infrared
radiations coming from the human body in
the surrounding area. The PIR sensor
range is up to 10m.

FEATURES OF A PIR SENSOR

1. Motion Detection.

2. Low Noise.

5
 3. Supply Voltage - 5V.

4. Delay Time Adjustable.

5. Standard Pulse Output.

Architecture of Project

Figure 1: Circuit diagram

Circuit Operation:
PIR works on the principle that whenever it detects a change in infrared
radiation, it generates a digital output signal.
When animal or human body or any object get into the range of the PIR
sensor, there will be change in Infrared Radiation which in turn generate
the digital output. In one word, PIR detect the motion and gives a
corresponding digital output.
Whenever motion is detected by sensor, it gives digital high output by its
out pin and this output is taken to Arduino’s 7 no digital pin as an input.
When Arduino’s 7 no pin get high, the LED (5 no pin) and Buzzer (6 no
pin) turned on.

5
 Program

Figure2: Snapshot of Program

Working of the Circuit

5
 Figure3: When there is no motion detected

Figure4: When motion detected

Figure5: Serial Monitor Display while motion detected and ended

Fi
gure6: Load Program to Arduino

5
 Figure7: When motion detected in Simulation

Figure8: When there is no motion detected in Simulation

5
 Cost Comparison:
Reference Title Cost( Comment
tk)
[a] Arduino Uno, 1375 In This project,
Ultrasonic Sensor HC- they’ve used
SR04 Motion Detector Ultrasonic
with Display sensor, LCD etc.
which we don’t.
[b] ARDUINO UNO 2645 This project have
BASED AS HOME used PIR sensor,
SECURITY SYSTEM Camera, buzzer,
servo motor, etc.
Our Proposed PIR Based Motion 1184 We’ve used PIR
Project Detector sensor in our
project. Also
we’re not use
LCD, because it’s
not needed.

The main purpose of our project is to detect the motion of something. In

our project we have used PIR sensor. But our reference project used
LCD, which was not needed. In another reference project, the camera,
Buzzer, has been used. Although it has features, but its purpose is to
detect the motion of something. If the features of the project are more
then, it is normal that the cost will be more. The aim of our project was
to achieve our main motive at a low cost, which we managed to do.

APPLICATIONS
1. Security system

2. Automatic door opening

3. Any power saver circuits

4. More…

The applications of the PIR sensor are based on the requirement of the
system, such that the energy is not wasted and the system is automated
without human intervention. The system is thus designed with low
power, cost reliability and exhibits more immunity to noise.

5
 Conclusions:
The primary objective of this project was the development of an effective
& inexpensive security system that could have applications in households
as well as commercial premises, workable in both day and night
conditions. Wireless sensor networks for surveillance systems in home,
office, or factory environment require correct tracking of intruders. For
such systems, passive infrared motion sensors (PIR sensors) are ideal
because they do not require any signal or devices on the object to be
tracked and they can work in dark environment also.

Through well directed efforts a PIR Sensor based Security System has
been developed, which is capable of detecting motion of humans or live
beings in the range of the sensor used & to trigger a buzzer circuit thus
acting as an effective burglar alarm. In the model developed as part of
the project provisions are also provided to act as an automatic lighting
circuit that switches on a bulb when intruder is detected. In the event of
risk of theft or vandalism from domestic property, such effective PIR
sensor security systems can be implemented.

Further study in the direction could help develop more sophisticated

security solutions as 24-hr monitoring system that would alert a few
phone call, if the alarm is triggered. Overall the developed system
provides a basic solution for the primary one among growing security
concerns.

Reference:

[1]=https://www.electronics-tutorial.net/Mini-Projects/PIR-
MOTION-SENSOR/
[2]=https://www.ijsdr.org/papers/IJSDR1605022.pdf
[3]= https://shortest.link/7q4q
[4]=https://www.academia.edu/85948570/
Alive_Human_Detector_in_Affected_Areas_Using_Radar_PI
R_Sensor

5
 [a]=price=https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/ed65/
f45794d2223e83cf0037a807c6f0756ff373.pdf
[b]= https://shortest.link/74yM
[5]. Arduino, S. A. (2015). Arduino. Arduino LLC.
[6]. https://www.arduino.cc/
[7]. Y.A. Badamasi. The working principle of an Arduino.
In2014
11th international conference on electronics, computer and
Computation (ICECCO) 2014 Sep 29 (pp. 1-4). IEEE.
[8]. A. Anil, D. Mohan, P. Raj. Area calculation by using
adxl335
And ultrasonic distance sensor.
[9]. A.I. Bugaje, A.Z. Loko, U. Ismail, A. Samuel. Design and
Implementation of an unmanned ground vehicle for
fumigation
Purpose. Int J Eng. Trends Technol, Sharjah—UAE. 2015
Dec;30(9):440-3