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Unit2 SVVT

Functional testing verifies that application functions work as specified. It involves testing each function by providing inputs, checking outputs against expected values, and is done without viewing code (black-box). Equivalence partitioning divides input data into classes where behavior is the same to reduce test cases. Boundary value analysis tests boundaries between partitions like minimums and maximums. Together they help test all scenarios efficiently.

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148 views11 pages

Unit2 SVVT

Functional testing verifies that application functions work as specified. It involves testing each function by providing inputs, checking outputs against expected values, and is done without viewing code (black-box). Equivalence partitioning divides input data into classes where behavior is the same to reduce test cases. Boundary value analysis tests boundaries between partitions like minimums and maximums. Together they help test all scenarios efficiently.

Uploaded by

Shreya Arya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Functional Testing

• It is a type of software testing which is used to verify the


functionality of the software application, whether the function
is working according to the requirement specification.
• In functional testing, each function tested by giving the value,
determining the output, and verifying the actual output with the
expected value.
• Functional testing performed as black-box testing which is
presented to confirm that the functionality of an application or
system behaves as we are expecting. It is done to verify the
functionality of the application.
Cont!!
• Functional testing also called as black-box testing,
because it focuses on application specification rather than
actual code. Tester has to test only for correct output.But
no need to check the actual coding.
• Even testers donot have any knowledge of coding.
Need of Functional Testing:
• We need an easy way or special techniques that can select test
cases intelligently from the pool of test-case, such that all test
scenarios are covered.
Equivalence Partitioning

• Equivalence Partitioning or Equivalence Class Partitioning is type


of black box testing technique which can be applied to all levels
of so ware testing like unit, integration, system, etc. In this
technique, input data units are divided into equivalent partitions
that can be used to derive test cases which reduces time required
for testing because of small number of test cases.
• It divides the input data of so ware into different equivalence data
classes.
• You can apply this technique, where there is a range in the input
field.
• Example 1: Equivalence and Boundary Value
• Letʼs consider the behavior of Order Veg. Rolls Text Box Below
• Rolls values 1 to 10 is considered valid. A success message is shown.
• While value 11 to 99 are considered invalid for order and an error
message will appear, “Only 10 Rolls can be ordered”

Order Rolls Submit


• Here is the test condition
1. Any Number greater than 10 entered in the Order Rolls field(let say 11) is
considered invalid.
2. Any Number less than 1 that is 0 or below, then it is considered invalid.
3. Numbers 1 to 10 are considered valid
4. Any 3 Digit Number say -100 is invalid.
• We cannot test all the possible values because if done, the number of test cases
will be more than 100. To address this problem, we use equivalence partitioning
hypothesis where we divide the possible values of tickets into groups or sets as
shown below where the system behavior can be considered the same.
• The divided sets are called Equivalence Partitions or Equivalence Classes. Then
we pick only one value from each partition for testing. The hypothesis behind
this technique is that if one condition/value in a partition passes all others
will also pass. Likewise, if one condition in a partition fails, all other
conditions in that partition will fail.
What is Boundary Testing?

• Boundary testing is the process of testing between extreme ends or


boundaries between partitions of the input values.
• So these extreme ends like Start- End, Lower- Upper, Maximum-Minimum,
Just Inside-Just Outside values are called boundary values and the
testing is called “boundary testing”.
• The basic idea in normal boundary value testing is to select input variable
values at their:
1. Minimum
2. Just above the minimum
3. A nominal value
4. Just below the maximum
5. Maximum
• In our earlier equivalence partitioning example, instead of checking one value
for each partition, you will check the values at the partitions like 0, 1, 10, 11 and
so on. As you may observe, you test values at both valid and invalid
boundaries. Boundary Value Analysis is also called range checking.
• Equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis(BVA) are closely related
and can be used together at all levels of testing.
Example 2:
• Following password field accepts minimum 6 characters and maximum 10 characters
• That means results for values in partitions 0-5, 6-10, 11-14 should be equivalent.

Test Scenario # Test Scenario Description Expected Outcome

Enter 0 to 5 characters in
1 System should not accept
password field

Enter 6 to 10 characters in
2 System should accept
password field

Enter 11 to 14 character in
3 System should not accept
password field

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