Name: Laguiab, Jamil Mansor M.

Yr/Crs/Sec: 4BSABE-A Date:May 22, 2022

ABE 422
Renewable Energy for AB Materials

LABORATORY REPORT No. 7

Hydropower Calculations

Make a step by step procedure for the computation of designing a MHP. Assume
your theoretical Total Consumption in kilowatthour per day for your computation (refer to
the output of Engr. RNonol).

Given:
Pdemand = 300 kWh/day
Pday = 0.5P night
Overall Efficiency = Minimum 50%
Running Time = 24 hrs/day

Water source:
Qfrom the river = Qriver
Qriver = 2.5 m3/s

Flowrate Estimation:
Wier intake = 50%(2.5) = 1.25 m3/s
Forebay intake = 75%(1.25) = 0.9375 m3/s
Penstock intake = 60%(0.9375) = 0.5625 m3/s
Qturbine = Qpenstock = 0.5625
Overall Efficiency = 50%
Hnet = 10 m

Potential Power = 9.8 Q Hnet ɣ

= 9.8(0.5625)(10)(0.50)
= 27.5625 kW
Weir Design
Assumption: Rectangular Constructed Weir
Qweir = Qriver – Qintake = 2.5 m2/s - 1.25 m3/s
= 1 m3/s
Q = 1.8(w – 0.2h)h1.5
w = 3h
1.0 = 1.8(3h – 0.2h)h1.5
1.0 = 1.8(2.8h)h1.5
1.0 = 1.8(2.8h2.5 )
1.0/1.8 = 2.8h2.5
0.5556 = 2.8h2.5
2.5
h = 0.5556/2.8
Name: Laguiab, Jamil Mansor M.
Yr/Crs/Sec: 4BSABE-A Date:May 22, 2022

h = (0.1984)1 /2.5
h = 0.52 Oversize factor = 0.25

h adj = 0.52 (1.25)

h adj = 0.65 m
Therefore:
w = 3h
w = 3(0.65)
w = 1.95 m

Headrace Design
Assumption: Qweiri ntake = Qheadrace = 1 m3/s
Use rectangular open channel having the most efficient section
R = d/2 A = bd
b = 2d A = 2d(d)
A = 2d 2
The structure of headrace is concrete channel
n = 0.015
S = 1/100

( )( )
2 d2 d 2 1
3 1 2
1.25=
0.015 2 100

( ) ( )( )
2
2 3
2d d 1
1.25 = 3 2 1
3 2
200 2 100

( )( )
2

( 4003 d ) d2
2 3
1
1.25 = 2 1
3
( 102 ) 2
Name: Laguiab, Jamil Mansor M.
Yr/Crs/Sec: 4BSABE-A Date:May 22, 2022

()
2

1.25 = (
400 d 2
3 ) 2 ( 101 )
d3
2
3

)( )
2

( 403d
2 3
d
1.25 = 2
3
2

)( )
2

( 403d
2 3
d
1.25 = 2
3
2

)( )
2

( 403d
2 3
d
1.25 = 2
23
8

1.25 = 20 √2 d
3 3

1.25 =
20 d
23
√ 2 d2
3
3
x 1.25 = d 2 √3 2 d 2
20
3 1
x = d 2 √3 2 d 2
4 4
3
=d 2 √3 2 d 2
16
27
d6 x 2 d2 =
4096
27
d8 =
8192
d=±
√
8
216
4
d=-
√
8
216
;d=
√8 216
4 4
d = 0.489493 ; oversize factor = 0.25
d = 0.489493 (1.25)
d = 0.6119 m
b = 2d
b = 2(0.6119)
b = 1.2238 m
Name: Laguiab, Jamil Mansor M.
Yr/Crs/Sec: 4BSABE-A Date:May 22, 2022

Penstock Design – use steel pipe

Assume: Ap = 0.25
Using Ap vs Vopt graph
Vopt = 2.32 m/s

[ ] [ ]
0.5 0.5
1.275 Q ( 1.273 ) ( 0.5625 )
dp= = = 0.5556 m = 55.56 cm
Vopt 2.32
px d (1.1 x 1 ) ( 55.56 )
t min = + ƪt = ¿ +0.15 = 0.41 or 4.05 mm
2 ∅m π w 2 ( 133 ) ( 0.9 )

Forebay design
@dp = 0.5556 m
Use criterion
d ≤ 1.0 m ; use h ≥ d
assume oversize fs = 2.0
hc = 2d
hc = 2(0.5556) = 1.1112 m

Assuming a square base tank with a system considering load control only that is
Vforebay = 10 Qd @ Qd = 0.5625 m3/s
10(0.5625) = s2 ( hc )
2
s = 5.625/1.1112
s = 2.25 m
Oversize fs = 0.25 for Qriver > 1.5
s = 2.25 (1.25)
s = 2.8125 m

Turbine Selection
Using water flow vs net head graph in turbine selection
Q = 0.5625 m3/s ; Hnet = 10m
Cross-flow type turbine is suitable
Therefore:
Pt =9.8 ( H net )( Qmax ) ( ηt )
Pt =9.8 ( 10 ) ( 0.5625 )( 0.50 )
Name: Laguiab, Jamil Mansor M.
Yr/Crs/Sec: 4BSABE-A Date:May 22, 2022

Pt = 27.5625 kW
@ Hn = 10 m ; Ns = 135 – kW for cross flow
Using Ns vs Hn graph
N H 1.25 135 ( 10 )1.25
N= s = =457.27 rpm
√ Pt √ 27.5625
40 √ H n
( 1000 )= √ ( 1000 )=278 mm
40 10
d runner =
N 457.27
0.81Q 0.81 ( 0. 5625 )
Lrunner = (1000 )= ( 1000 ) =518 mm
Dr √ H n 0.278 √ 10
0.233Q 0.233 ( 0.5625 )
t jet = (1000 )= ( 1000 )=80 mm
Lr √ H m 0.518 √ 10

Generator Selection
Pt 27.5625
Pgen =
= =34.4531 kVA
0.8 0.8
Therefore, 35 kVA drip-proof, horizontal shaft, synchronous generator with AVR, ELC
including protective relays, meters, surges, absorber, space heater, and other control
accessories.

Design Summary of MHP

Component Specification
Weir h = 0.52 m ; w = 1.95 m

Headrace Rectangular open channel, concrete

d = 0.6119 m ; b = 1.2238 m
Forebay Square-base tank
s = 2.25 m ; h = 1.1112 m
Penstock Steel pipe ; d =0.5556 m
t min = 4.05 mm
Net head 10 m
Flow rate 0.5625 m3/s
Turbine Cross flow type, horizontal shaft
dr=278 mm ; lr=518 mm ; Tjet=80 mm
Generator 35 kVA drip-proof, horizontal shaft,
synchronous generator with AVR, ELC
including protective relays, meters, surges,
Name: Laguiab, Jamil Mansor M.
Yr/Crs/Sec: 4BSABE-A Date:May 22, 2022

absorber, space heater, and other control

accessories
Power transmission speed increaser v-belt w/t appropriate
pulley
Rotation speed of turbine 457.27 rpm
Voltage rating 220 V
Frequency 50 Hz
Distribution cable aluminum feeder cable Ø=0.574 in, 440
amp rating, aluminum feeder cable
Ø=0.574 in, 440 amp rating
Distribution transformer oil immersed type. 1@ power station, step
up to 15 kv, 1or @ consumer’s area step
down 220 v
Service drop wire AWG #6, STRANDED aluminum cable
wire
Installation wire AWG # 12 – 14 SOLID CORE, PDX TYPE
COPPER WIRE