Generating the CPS signal To operate an ECM while not installed, besides all simulated sensors and actuators (replaced by resistors and LED) the camshaft position sensor's (CPS) signal is required too. The CPS signal synchronizes everything inside the ECM. Originally this signal is generated by detecting slots in a rotating cup utilizing a Hail sensor. At the start of each slot the sensor voltage will drop from 5 to 0 volts, at the end it will jump up from 0 to 5 volts again. Depending on the Buell model, two versions of rotor cups are available: for EFI equipped bikes a 6-slot cup is used, for carburettor Buells it's a cup with only 2 slots. Later models (DDF-3 and up) do not have a camshaft sensor at all, but a crankshaft sensor instead, This sensor signal can not be simulated that easily, therefore it is not taken into account here. To set up a signal generator, a small micro controller can be used, like a AVR or PIC (to name just two of the many available). A very common platform is the Arduino UNO, exemplary shown below. This board will be connected to a PC with a USB cable, which will provide power and also will be used to transfer new programs ("sketches" in Arduino speak) to the board. az: onboard LED 12 Coster) 1 crank, 1 deg resol 10 CeS{carbed) B02 ‘The sketch made available below will provide 5 signals, as listed: 1, Pin 13 - Activity signal, also shown by the built-in LED, toggles very 2nd revolution of the crankshaft 2. Pin 12 - CPS signal for DDFI and DDFI-2 (6 slots in CPS cup) 3. Pin 11 - Crankshaft signal, toggles with each degree of cranshaft rotation 4, Pin 10 - CPS signal for Buells with carburetors (2 slots in CPS cup) 5. Pin 8 - 2 sensor trigger signal, toggles each 16th revolution, Before feeding this signal to the ECM, a voltage divider is required, to adjust it’s voltage to the usual 0 ... 1 volts range. Al signals combined will look similar to the image below (the crankshaft signal has been suppress for better visibility):epee Acpen- Newey SUAS BES|> Pe TMS bRAAR (oii az) Lege Thinteld : 1 ‘= ee a ena Sande 5K O28 Click image for unscaled view The source code for this sketch can also be downloaded here. /f Arduine XB/S1 CPS signal generator “ // To set engine speed: open serial monitor, send "+" to increase and "-" to decrease « “uw // Pins used: // 13 = onboard LED (toggles once per ignition cycle) // 12 = CPS signal XB (6 slots in cup) // 11 = crank signal (toggles once pez crankd degree) // 10 = CPS signal $1 (2 slots in cup) {J @ = 02 signal (toggles once per @ cycles} - voltage divider required for ECM input! uy // ave-libe Library includes #include #include ¥define 02 PINEO fdefine CPSs: PINB2 foefine CRANK PINES fcefine CPSXB PINS define LED PINES: static volatile unsigned int degCount; // count timeticks static volatile byte revCount; // count revolutions static volatile byte countl, count2, count3, count4, counts; // GP counters static volatile byte blipxBIndex, blips1index; // rotor cup description // 6 slot retor cup for fuel injected engines, degrees crankshaft where CPSXB signal toc static unsigned int blipsxB[12] = (45, 90, 135, 180, 225, 405, 450, 495, 540, 585, 630, // 2 slot rotor cup for carbed engines, degrees crankshaft where CPSS1 signal toggles static unsigned int blipssi(4} = (270, 315, 675, 720);// overflow compare register values @ 8 Miz for specific engine speeds /JOCRIA = 168; Wa RPM /JOCRIA = 178; 11-75 RPM. /JOCRIA = 192; W7% RPM /JOCRIA = 199; W/ 6750 RPM, /JOCRIA = 207; 11 65 RPM /JOCRIA = 225; 1) 6% RPM, /JOCRIA = 244; U/ 3k5 RPM /JOCRIA = 269; U/ 3k REM /JOCRIA = 289; 11 4k5 RPM /JOCRIA = 338; 1 oe RPM /JOCRIA = 386; U/ 3k5 RPM /JOCRIA = 448; U/ 3k RPM /JOCRIA = 537; 11 2kS RPM, /JOCRIA = 673; 1 2% RPM, //OCRIA = 897; / 15 RPM /JOcR1A = 1224; // Lkl RPM /JOCRIA = 1346; // ik RPM /JOCRIA = 1682; // 800 RPM /fstatic unsigned int compares(18] = {168, 178, 192, 199, 207, 225, 244, 269, 299, 338, static unsigned int compares(18] = (332, 395, 380, 394, 409, 443, 484, 932, 592 static unsigned int rpms(18] (8000, 7500, 7000, 6750, 6500, 6000, 5800, 5000, 4500 // index to compares/rpm arrays static volatile char speedindex 15; // start @ 1100 rpm // main loop void loop() ‘ Ant input = 0 if (Serial.available(}) { input = Serial.read(); //Serial.printin(input, HEX); // mirror input, for testing only // parse input Af (input == (int) 1+") speedindex ~ else if (input speedIndex 167 (iat) Vf index rotation (speedindex < 0) speedIndex = 17; else if (speedindex > 17) speedIndex = 0; // update compare match registerOCRIA = compares (speedindex]; Serial.printin (rpms [speedindex]) ; Serial.print ("2 " // timeri/counterl compare A interrupt signal handler ISR (TIMER1_COMPA_vect) // called, when a timerl/counter! matches compare value // voggle crankPin @ every degree of crankshaft PORTB “= (2 << CRANK); // increase degress crankshaft degcount ++; Af (degcount bLipsxs[bLipxetndex)) ( // toggle CPSKS signal @ every blip of CPSxB PORTE “= (1 << CPSXB); // increase blip index blipxBindex ++; Hf reset index Af (bLipxBIndex >= 12) bLipXBindex = 0; if (degcount >= blipsSi[blipsiindex}) ( Jf toggle CPSSt signal @ every blip of cPSs1 PORTS “= (1 << CPSS1); // increase blip index blipSlindex ++; // reset index Af (blipSLindex >= 4) blipSlindex = 0; // reset crankshaft degrees counter after 2 revolutions 4 (degcount == 720) { // toggle LED @ every ignition cycle PORTB “= (1 << LED); degcount = 0; sevCount +47 Af (revcount// toggle 02 signal @ & ignition cycles PORTE “= (1 << 02)7 evCount = 0; // setup and initialization void setup) ( // set pins of port B te output mode DDRB = OxFF; // set CPS signa? to high on start, // otherwise output will be inverted PORTB “= (1 << CPSXB); PORTE “= (2 << CPSS1)+ // initialize counter and indexes degCount revCount = 0; blipxBindex = 0; blipst index /Jspeedindex = 15; // start @ 1100 //epeedindex = 17; // initialize serial connection Serial begin (9600); Serial.print ("2"); Serial.printin (rpms [speedindex]) ¢ Serial.print ("2"); // initialize Timerl elie / disable global interrupts TCCRIA = 0; Jf set entire TCCRIA register to 0 NCCRIB = 0; // same for TCCRIB // turn on CTC mode TOCRIB |= (1 << WGMI2); // Set CS10 and CS12 bits for 1024 prescaler (test only) //ICCRIB |= (1 << C810); //ICCRIB |= (1 << CS12)¢ // Set CS10 for no prescaler NCCRIB |= (1 << C810); // set compare match register to desired timer count OCRIA = compares {speedindex]; // enable timer compare interrupt: TIMSKL |= (1 << OCTEIA); // enable global interrupts:sei;