ASSIGNMENT-5

Transcoding/Interpretation of data
Name: Swayam Ghoshal
Registration ID: 21BCI0297
Venue: SJT519 (Evening Batch)

1.1 Symbols in novel

The use of a gesture, item, or name to symbolise a concept or trait is known as symbolism. It
basically involves taking a typically tangible object and giving it a new or more significant
meaning by tying it to a brand. Symbolism is a literary technique used by writers to convey a
notion or idea to their audiences without really stating it. The use of symbols makes it possible
to write more intricate stories. Symbolism is a common tool used by many individuals. For
instance, the colour white denotes purity, the colour black denotes evil, roses denote romance,
a butterfly denotes change, and a dog might denote devotion.

In order to convey a message or concept to their audience in a lyrical way without expressing
it directly, writers often utilise symbolism. Symbolism is a tool that writers employ to add
complexity to their narrative. Symbolism is very often used in daily life. For instance, the
colour white stands for purity, the colour black for evil, flowers for romance, butterflies for
metamorphosis, and dogs for devotion. The urge to update the literary conceptions of an earlier
era gave rise to new literature in the majority of written revolts. Symbolism is a literary writing
technique that naturally entered the world of literature because it arose from the overall
problem in bourgeois humanitarian culture. The Symbolists revolted against what people
termed "realism" and argued that reality could only be conveyed in an indirect way, unlike the
realist principles of the aesthetic image in the works of the Parnassians and naturalists in the
novels of the latter half of the 19th century, implying that literary language should use symbols
to convey meanings. A literary work's underlying meaning and superficial meaning are
frequently separated in such respects. A new generation of symbolist writers emerged as a
result of their popularity and critical success. The use of symbols in writing has been
increasingly popular, especially in the 20th century, and this is something that is undeniable.
Even writers felt that symbolism was acceptable in their writing. It's a literary technique that
employs a person, location, or item to portray something else that is larger and occasionally
unreachable; be as descriptive as you can.

However, there's no denying that it's frequently utilised in writing, giving authors the freedom
to express their opinions while being impartial. Additionally, various people might have
diverse interpretations of symbols used in a tale. While some symbols signify things that are
evident, others require more thought. Literature even uses a certain type of symbolism to give
their writing a negative affect. Usually, it is done by adding something to something else, such
as an action, name, or item. Writers prefer to use symbolism in their works for a variety of
reasons. The importance of symbolism in literature may be summed up in the following ways:
It provides readers with a clear aid for better grasping challenging concepts in a variety of
subjects. It makes it simpler for readers to follow a work's main theme. It gives writers the
freedom to be more imaginative and artistic in their work. It allows readers to reflect on and

1
comprehend the author's ideas for themselves. It gives a piece of literature emotional weight.
We can better understand symbolism by examining certain examples.

1)Life is a rollercoaster. Although there are numerous distinctions between life and a
rollercoaster, this metaphor employs symbolism to highlight the highs and lows or ups and
downs that life provides, somewhat similar to the ups and downs and crazy turns of a
rollercoaster ride.

2)Brave as a lion. This metaphor compares our bravery to that of a lion since lions frequently
stand for bravery and audacity.

3)You're a hero. This alludes to one or more of the most prevalent archetypes. A hero usually
begins a work of fiction with an everyday position before being summoned to an adventure. At
the beginning of a narrative, they engage in a battle that forces them to face their greatest fear
and changes them.

1.2 Novel reflecting the society and beliefs of its time

The reality that writing may be a reflection of society's generally caught on Writing does, in
reality, reflect society, both its positive and awful beliefs. Literature's remedial reason is to
reflect society's issues in order to help society get its botches right and make redress. It too
shows societal ethics or positive qualities for people to imitate. Writing, being an impersonation
of human conduct, as often as possible, delineates what people in society accept, say, and do.
We find stories in writing that delineate human life and movement through characters who,
through their words, activities, and responses, convey specific messages for the purposes of
instruction, knowledge, and beguilement. It is troublesome to discover a chunk of writing that's
free of societal views, ethics, and values, since no essayist has been raised entirely unaware of
the world around him. What scholars of writing do is change real-life events in their society
into fiction and present them to society as scholars. The reality that writing may be a reflection
of society's generally caught on Writing does, in reality, reflect society, both its positive and
awful beliefs. Literature's remedial reason is to reflect society's issues in order to help society
get its botches right and make redress. It too shows societal ethics or positive qualities for
people to imitate. Writing, being an impersonation of human conduct, as often as possible,
delineates what people in society accept, say, and do. We find stories in writing that delineate
human life and movement through characters who, through their words, activities, and
responses, convey specific messages for the purposes of instruction, knowledge, and
beguilement. It is troublesome to discover a chunk of writing that's free of societal views,
ethics, and values, since no essayist has been raised entirely unaware of the world around him.
What scholars of writing do is change real-life events in their society into fiction and present
them to society It is possible that writing may be a reflection of society's generally caught on.
Writing does, in reality, reflect society, both its positive and awful beliefs. Literature's remedial
reason is to reflect society's issues in order to help society get its botches right and make redress.
It too shows societal ethics or positive qualities for people to imitate. Writing, being an
impersonation of human conduct, as often as possible, delineates what people in society accept,
say, and do. We find stories in writing that delineate human life and movement through
characters who, through their words, activities, and responses, convey specific messages for
the purposes of instruction, knowledge, and beguilement. It is troublesome to discover a chunk
of writing that's free of societal views, ethics, and values, since no essayist has been raised
entirely unaware of the world around him. What scholars of writing do is change real-life events
in their society into fiction and present them to society as This is typically what the majority of

2
lawmakers in our society do. The dramatization depicts what happens within the capitalist
society of the United States. The play uncovered certain bosses' savagery towards their
representatives, whom they use and junk without concern for their well-being. A few
representatives involved in the destiny of Willy Loman are not fair in business, but moreover
in government. In Nigeria, for example, a limitless number of retirees have kicked the bucket
of starvation as a result of unpaid benefits. A few of them, like Willy Loman, worked for the
major foundation for a long time or more, recently resigning in destitution. In any case, it ought
to be specified that a few labourers or representatives endure, as a result of their claim, destitute
attitudes. Achebe's work delineates a society in which luxurious consumption of open cash by
public authorities is the standard, and debasement is settled in. Obi Okonkwo has fairly done
what everybody else does by tolerating a bribe; it is his slightness and failure to maintain a
strategic distance from capture that's looked upon by his family. The story precisely portrays
the condition in our culture in which individuals who loot open treasuries without being
identified are respected with extraordinary respect and are granted chieftaincy titles. This
dramatization highlights devout charlatanism, a broad issue in our culture Each work speaks to
the societal, political, economic, or religious milieu in which it is placed. Literature can be
viewed as a reflection of human civilization; it can also be viewed as a replication of human
presence and activity. Consider Shakespeare, number 130 of his sonnets The piece is about
16th-century desires for magnificence. Shakespeare is reasonable about the lady he adores; at
the time, the word "stinks" without a doubt alluded to stench, but it had not, however, come to
have a negative meaning. Shakespeare truly makes fun of those who use their partner's
excellence in order to live up to social guidelines. By doing so, they fail to comprehend the
true nature of the person they claim to love. The particular symbolism he employs to criticise
such individuals—descriptors like "dark" hair, "snow-white" complexion, and "ruddy lips"—
exactly compares to the "perfect" sought for ladies at the time. Literally, no other age could
have delivered The Inquisitive Occurrence of the Puppy in the Night-time. The character's top-
choice things and things he detests, as well as the scientific issues he investigates, all contribute
to our understanding of extreme introvertedness. Numerous of these occasions, in the event
that not all of them seem to have happened very later.

1.3 Each genre has its own story

Genre refers to the categorization of literature according to the genre that each piece of writing
most closely resembles in terms of form, subject matter, and writing style. Literature is divided
into a number of diverse genres. The following are a few of them. Poetry is a prominent literary
genre with many different ways to express oneself. One aspect that unites all poetry is the use
of lines with metre and rhythm. These lines are put together to form a stanza, unlike other types
of writing that use sentences that are divided into paragraphs. Poetry usually uses figurative
language, such as metaphors and similes, extensively to arouse the reader's emotions. Like any
literature, English literature aims to give us the chance to explore the world in a safe way.
Academically, all writings by authors and poets who reside in or have resided in societies where
the English language is dominant are referred to as English literature. This becomes a little bit
more complex because English is moving toward becoming a universal language.

There is general agreement regarding the influence of Geoffrey Chaucer, William Shakespeare,
John Milton, and a small number of other creators, but the debates get hot and heavy from
there. Scholars, writers, and others are constantly attempting to identify works and creators of
critical importance to English literature history. Sonnet 18, by William Shakespeare, belongs
in this genre of literature which is a 14-line poem that is well-structured, follows an iambic
pentameter metre, and uses rhyme schemes akin to those found in Shakespearean sonnets.

3
Drama: This literary genre is commonly referred to as a play because it is performed in front
of an audience. Dramas contain dialogue and provide the actors with stage directions. The
Importance of Being Earnest by Oscar Wilde is a drama because it is written as dialogue in the
form of a screenplay with stage directions to aid the players in performing the play.

Prose is a form of writing where concepts are expressed through sentences. These words are
combined to form paragraphs. The broad scope of this genre encompasses both fiction and
nonfiction. To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee contains fictional text. It is written in whole
sentences and is divided into paragraphs. Fiction is described as realistic prose that isn't true to
life. Authors are free to use fictitious characters or objects as the basis for a novel in order to
show their creativity. The stories in fiction are still works of fiction, even though they may be
influenced by actual events. This genre also uses metaphorical language, but it is more
structural in character and follows grammatical rules more strictly than poetry.

Freytag's plot pyramid, which consists of an introduction, a motivating event, a climax, a falloff
in the action, a resolution, and a dénouement, is commonly employed in literature. Kurt
Vonnegut's Slaughterhouse Five is an example of a fictional tale where the main character
makes use of his self-described time-traveling prowess. Nonfiction: A different type of prose
that is more factual than fanciful is nonfiction. Because it is more factual and less imaginative,
it might use less metaphorical language. Nonfiction, however, differs from work to work. It
could be entirely factual, like a history textbook, or it could be a memoir that tells a tale. In his
autobiography, Night, Elie Wiesel describes his experiences growing up as a Jewish boy during
the Holocaust. Drama is a fictional portrayal that is communicated via speech and performance.
It is a genre of literature that includes novels, lyric poetry, and epic poetry. In Aristotle's
Poetics, drama is defined as "a portrayal of an activity that is comprehensive and complete and
has a beginning, middle, and end." Drama can be heard, seen, or experienced on the radio, in a
movie theatre, or on television, but it is most frequently played on stage in front of a live
audience. It is typically written by a playwright, though it may also be adapted from books,
short stories, poems, or even actual events. Additionally, it can be read aloud. It has speech in
it, and actors play the characters. The audience is given a visual experience through the use of
props or creative language, which is typically divided into acts or scenes. A great place to start
is with drama, because it is often relatively simple to understand on the surface and captivates
the audience with cliff-hangers and mind-blowing events.

1.4 Roles of men and women portrayed in the novel

Literature's treatment of gender explores how writers and characters see themselves and how
society perceives them in light of their gender. Sex, gender, and sexuality have a range of
effects on narrative texts and readers' perceptions of them. Gender roles are based on social
expectations of the two sexes and are personal behavioural rules. It's important to understand
that sex, gender, and sexuality are separate ideas. Sex is a biological term that is defined by the
fundamental sex traits. Gender is the term used to describe the identities, ideals, and roles that
people attribute to the distinct sexes. The orientation of desire toward a certain sex is referred
to as "sexuality." Because of traditional gender norms, straight white males received priority
in the system over other groups of individuals. It affected people's access to jobs, financial aid,
and education. The movement known as feminism, which advocates for the social, political,
economic, and personal equality of all women, has finally expanded over the entire world.
Authors may use literature as a powerful instrument to either promote or oppose gender
stereotypes that are specific to a given period and location. These elements make literature the
perfect place for gender critique to start. This branch of research had a tremendous influence

4
on how people saw gender roles. Gender critique, a branch of literary criticism, looks at how
symbols are used by cultures to define and impose traits that are gender-specific. To display
their manhood and physical power, male characters typically take the lead roles. Women's roles
were portrayed as being compelled to submit to authority without the chance for freedom or
independence. When it came to creating their own narrative, men had a clear advantage. On
the other hand, women's writing was derided, unjustly handled, and harshly criticised.
Therefore, they had to publish under male pseudonyms in order to have a chance of professional
acceptability among authors. Gender stereotypes also contribute to a limited understanding of
masculinity in literature. This in turn has a negative impact on the socialisation of guys. In
popular culture, men are typically represented as being domineering, in control, combative,
and competitive. Men were under a lot of strain in this depiction and were forbidden from
expressing a wide variety of emotions. Due to the rarity of female authors, the majority of
works with female protagonists present them in conventional positions. Throughout the
Medieval Ages, women were viewed as second-class citizens, and their needs were mostly
ignored. Despite the inequality, women were strongly represented in several literary works. If
we look at mediaeval literature, we can find examples of feminine archetypes. The following
is a list of a few of the most notable: The Virgin is a perfect woman who only wants to get
married. A woman who goes above and beyond to take care of her man and her kids is known
as a mother. The Witch is a smart, unorthodox, or extraordinarily gorgeous lady who suffers
for being "different." Women who are labelled as "The Whores" are seen to be deviants,
subhuman, and unsuited for employment. An example of an iconic female figure in mediaeval
literature is Grendel's mother from Beowulf. She disobeys social conventions by standing up
for her kid, a human foe. Many Gothic women writers were skilled at capturing the fascinating
and expressive nature of feminine sexuality and home confinement. The Bronte sisters, Mary
Shelley, and Ann Radcliffe, among others, contributed significantly to the increased popularity
of women's writing. In international literature, there are a lot of powerful female characters.
These fictional ladies defied gender expectations by adopting a bold attitude for themselves.
This is another illustration of how a man could unintentionally break a woman's heart and spirit.
This technique is only used so that writers may start to understand the real purpose of their
work, which concentrates on why these women are suffering so much, why they won't try to
flee or escape their situation, and what keeps them confined there. In this case, the intention of
the literature is to delve deeply into the feminine heart and dig out its concerns, troubles, and
all that makes it tick. As a result, the author develops the catalyst so that they may concentrate
on their true mission of writing about what happens during the reaction. These writers are all
interested in the heart issue that affects women. Sadly, the authors write these women in
moments of weakness to take the reader through the events that led to the main characters' not
being able to hold on any longer and what ultimately caused their demise. Alternatively, they
write about these women in moments of strength to take the reader through the process of all
the things they had to overcome in order to emerge stronger and more empowered on the other
side of their situation.

1.5 Novel being religious is promoting or questioning

We can make anything credible in our fiction, including religion and all of its benefits and
drawbacks. We don't discount a sophisticated source of character motivation or a key element
in setting or tone simply because some authors were intrusive. To avoid overemphasising any
story element, including religion and faith, we must exercise caution. But avoiding excess
doesn't mean that we want to give up religion entirely. There aren't many significant literary
issues that go ignored so regularly. Despite what someone else may think, just because a book
has a faith-based component doesn't always mean it is religious in nature. Fundamentally

5
speaking, religion is merely another plot device that will give our story a meaning that no other
aspect can. Belief systems are mentioned in literature even if not all references to religion are
what we would consider mainstream. Within the broad categories of religion and faith, there
are numerous practises and options. Taking into account any type of religious practise or belief
for our fictional characters without hesitation. A few book series are centred on religion and
faith. Numerous works of science fiction and paranormal romance focus on concepts that are
typically associated with religion or belief systems. Religion and belief in fiction may both be
present in something as basic as a parent kneeling with his child and teaching him to pray.
Another instance of religion in literature is the tiniest hospital chapel scene, in which a character
thanks God for sparing his wife. Or the narrative's structure could be supported by religion
serving as the main focus of each scene. A religious component may give a story depth and
colour. It might make what the reader already knows to be unreal seem more real. It might
change what is typical into something entirely unfamiliar. A lady could pray to God while she's
in trouble. She could begin to question what she has always believed. She could investigate
concepts that she had previously only heard about. There may be a theological underpinning to
the narrative, a theme that runs through it, or even a passing allusion to religion that causes
commotion. To put it another way, it may leave a significant or hardly perceptible mark on
your story. A scenario's use of religion may increase the tenseness and provide historical
background. Over religion, characters may come to blows or become close friendships. Either
the truth or preconceived notions may be revealed. It might help or hurt a character's growth.
It has the ability to either ensnare or liberate a character. In the same story, both are plausible.
Religion might be a revelation, a defence, or perhaps both. Religion with all of its accessories
may provide a new depth to people and tales.