DIGITAL ARCHIVING OF AUDIO CONTENT

USING WINISIS AND GREENSTONE SOFTWARE

A Manual for Community Radio Managers

K. Rajasekharan
K. M. Nafala

Edited by Bimal Kanti Sen

New Delhi, India

Digital Archiving of Audio Content Using WINISIS and Greenstone
Software: A Manual for Community Radio Managers
K. Rajasekharan and K. M. Nafala
Editor : Bimal Kanti Sen
Production Editor : Anup Kumar Das

© UNESCO 2009

ISBN : 978-81-89218-27-0

Acknowledgments
m UN Solution Exchange India - ICT for Development Community
m Greenstone Support for South Asia

This publication may be reproduced in any media appropriately

acknowledging UNESCO and the authors.

Design, Typesetting & Graphics: Nikhil Offset Printers, New Delhi

Published by:
Communication and Information Sector
United Nations Educational Scientific & Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
UNESCO House
B-5/29, Safdarjung Enclave
New Delhi -110029, India
Phone: +91-11-26713000
Fax: +91-11-26713001/26713002
Email: [email protected]

Disclaimer
The authors are responsible for the choice and the presentation of the facts
contained in this publication and for the opinions expressed therein, which are
not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization. The
designations employed and the presentation of materials throughout the
publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part
of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any county, territory, city or area or
of its frontiers or boundaries.

978-81-89218-27-0
 Foreword

Knowledge societies are about capabilities to identify, produce, transform,

disseminate, store and use information to build and apply knowledge for human
development. This implies respect for a set of principles and priorities, such as
freedom of expression; universal access to information and knowledge; respect for
human dignity and cultural and linguistic diversity and access to quality education.

Universal access to information and knowledge lies in UNESCO's overall mandate

to promote the free flow of information by word and by image and thus to place
information and knowledge at the doorsteps of communities. UNESCO strives to
forge an enabling environment to facilitate and open up avenues for universal access
to information and knowledge.

In this context, UNESCO gives high priority to promoting universal access to

knowledge and information in the public domain as key factors to development.
Research shows that technology that facilitates access to relevant and valuable
information applications, services and content is most relevant to developing
countries. ICT is a catalyst for the achievement of the development goals because of
its potential to facilitate access to knowledge and other global public goods.
However, the role and value of public domain information, especially of information
produced by the public sector, is not widely enough addressed and is generally
poorly understood.

UNESCO attaches great importance to providing and strengthening communication

and information facilities, particularly at the level of local communities. Such
facilities offer basic tools for introducing and managing community-centred
development and change. Community media is an effective mode of mass
communication involving members of local communities, touching lives of millions
of marginalized and remotely located communities. Community radio helps to
bridge the knowledge barriers of disadvantaged and poor communities in developing
countries where limited functional literacy, limited access to health, food and social
securities hinder human development.

While free and open source software (FOSS) helps digital inclusion of citizens in
developing countries by bringing within easy reach the socially useful applications,
UNESCO's information processing tools help many grassroots institutions in

iii
disseminating information to local communities. Digital archive of a community
radio station will be a kind of knowledge repository that contains collective wisdom
of indigenous people, communities and institutions in the region.

The South Asia sub-region is now at the nascent stage of community radio
development, with the introduction of policy frameworks in India, Nepal and other
countries. Community radio has a great development potential across the sub-region
with ever increasing number of community radio stations. To maintain an archive of
broadcasted contents is a legal obligation as a self-regulatory mechanism, however
many stations are not equipped for doing this. Also community radio stations need
to reuse and re-broadcast many of their archived contents.

This publication has its genesis in the recommendations and proceedings of the
UNESCO-supported two national events entitled respectively 'National
Consultation on Community Radio for Practising and Potential Community Radio
Operators in India' and 'National Consultation to Review Community Radio in
Nepal', where community radio station managers felt the importance of archiving
digital audio contents.

The publication is a self-instructional handbook aimed at helping managers of

community radio stations, FM radio stations, public service broadcasting agencies
and any other organisations that deal with audio files in creating prototype archives
of digital audio documents. In line with the needs of the community, the manual
guides users in creating their proper archives with stable, free software like
WINISIS, GenISIS and Greenstone. The book also mentions the URLs from where
these software can be downloaded from.

This document can be considered as an authoritative self-instructional manual for

digital archiving of multimedia contents and more specifically for community radio
contents. We hope that the manual users will find it helpful in their daily work.

Iskra Panevska
Adviser in Communication and Information for South Asia
New Delhi

iv
 Table of Content

Foreword iii

Preface vii

What This Manual is All About ix

Chapter 1: Community Radio: An Introduction 1

Chapter 2: Creation of a Digital Audio Archive using WINISIS 5

WINISIS: the Database Software used for Archiving 5
Installation of WINISIS 7
Creation of an Archive of Audio Documents 11

Chapter 3: Creating a Front End for the Archive 25

Installation of Apache Web Server 25
Installation of GenISISWeb 29
Creating GenIsisWeb Application 36

Chapter 4: Creation of a CD-ROM Library of Audio Documents 49

Creation of a CD-ROM Library with GenIsisCD 52
Finalize the CD-ROM Application 64
Modifications to be Made before Finalizing the CD-ROM 66
Testing the Burned CD-ROM 68

Chapter 5: Building Up a Digital Library using Greenstone 73

Installation of the Software 73
Building up a Collection with GLI 74
Building the Collection 88

Annexure 93

Glossary of Terms 98

v
 Preface

The purpose of this handbook is to help the managers of community

radio in creating the prototype archive of digital audio documents with
stable, free software WINISIS, GenISIS and Greenstone.

The unprecedented growth of digital audio documents makes it

necessary to consolidate the growing collection of digital documents
into searchable archives or digital library collections for managing and
using them properly. The digital document management technologies
described in this Manual will make the daily handling of digital audio
documents in community radio stations, an easy task.
This self-instructional Manual describes:
1 the method of creation of digital archive with WINISIS software,
2 the creation of a web front-end for the above archives to make it
easily usable and accessible over a local area network with
GenIsisWeb software,
3 the creation of a CD-ROM library with WINISIS and GenIsisCD
software,
4 the creation of a digital library of audio documents with
Greenstone digital library software.

The digital archiving or digital library technologies mentioned in the

Manual are useful for managing digital audio documents by the
managers of community radio stations, FM radio stations, public service
broadcasting agencies or other institutions dealing with audio files. The
mechanisms described in this Manual can be used for managing not only
audio documents, but also other types of digital documents such as text,
PDF, HTML and video.

vii
 What This Manual is All About

This Manual is a self-instructional handbook that would help the managers of

community radio to create digital archives of audio documents in different electronic
formats, ranging from commonly used .WAV documents to .MP3 files to any other
format.

Digital audio archiving is the process of building up systematic digital audio

collections. It can be considered as an organized digital document management
system, for easier searching and retrieval or for making them available on the
intranet/internet or on a CD-ROM. Any audio document in the archive can be
searched, retrieved, or opened easily and those features make the archive an easily
usable one. The addition, replacement or deletion of any existing audio document in
the archive can be done with ease. One can, as well, alter any record in the database,
whenever necessary.

The digital audio archive can be created with the free software WINISIS as explained
in Chapter 2 and it can further be built up into a website like a homepage consisting of
a search box, a submit button and other buttons by using GenIsisWeb software as
explained in Chapter 3. One can search the archive with any word that appears in the
searchable fields of the database of the audio collection and can retrieve, open or save
the audio document, as in a website. When a search is made, the database records that
match with the search term will be listed in a search-result-display page, with a
hyperlink in a field in the displayed record. A click on the hyperlink will open the
linked-up document automatically using an appropriate audio player.

The digital audio archive can be configured in such a way that you can enlist all the
documents in it sequentially during a search with the word such as list or display,
provided that word had been included in every record in the database in any
searchable field. The search result for all records in a Demo Digital Audio Archive
will appear as in Figure 2.

ix
 Figure 1: Demo Digital Audio Archive Homepage
Chapter 4 of this Manual deals with creation of installable CD-ROM library of audio
documents. The audio documents can as well be built into a digital library by using
Greenstone digital library software. The method of creation has been described in
Chapter 5. Greenstone is the most popular digital document management software
compatible with all international standards or protocols.
The software tools mentioned in this Manual for digital archiving are WINISIS,
GenISISWeb, GenIsisCD, Greenstone and Apache, which will work even in any
low-configuration computer in Windows-based platform.
WINISIS is a versatile textual database software developed by UNESCO mainly for
creation of library catalogues. It has been used as the back-end program for the

x
digital audio archive. The WINISIS database is created first. It is added with a format
line to display a hyperlink in its display screen, which links the appropriate document
in the digital collection held in the computer.

The digital audio archive allows metadata-based search, retrieval and display of
audio documents by a few mouse clicks. The GenISISWeb/GenIsisCD software
provides a user-friendly web-front-end and helps publish the archive in intranet or in
a CD-ROM without hassles.

Figure 2: Demo Digital Audio Archive- Search Result Page

xi
 Figure 3: An Audio Document in the Archive Opened

Those software tools required for creation of audio archives are freely obtainable
from the Internet and the website links are provided as footnotes at the appropriate
places.

xii
The digital audio document archive can be created in any low configuration
computer, with minimum learning and efforts and hence it should be a reasonable
choice for the resource-poor managers of community radio in the developing world.

The Manual is expected to be a user-friendly guide to the community radio

managers/information professionals/researchers/activists who want to make use of
digital audio archiving as a tool for information dissemination, empowerment and
development.

Table 1: Digital Archiving Software (FOSS) Described in this Manual

Application
Download Link
Software

WINISIS or
CDS/ISIS for www.unesco.org/isis/files/winisislicense.html
Windows

www.unesco.org/isis/files/winisis/genisis/
GenISISWeb web/genisisweb302.exe

www.unesco.org/isis/files/winisis/genisis/
GenISISCD cdrom/genisiscd.exe

Greenstone http://www.greenstone.org/download

Apache Web
Server for http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi [download
Windows Win32 Binary without crypto (no mod_ssl) (MSI Installer)]
(HTTP Server)

xiii
 Chapter 1
Community Radio: An Introduction

Community radio is a local radio broadcasting system which is owned and managed
by the local community and is meant for serving a limited geographical area of
around 10 kms radius. It serves as a simple, efficient and cost-effective development
communication tool to reach out to the people in the locality, with locally made
programmes. The programmes can range from issues on health, education,
environment, agriculture, social development to entertainment. Community radio
provides programmes that have relevance to the taste of the local audience.

Since 2006, the Government of India, had opened up airwaves for community-based
radio broadcasting and allowed non-profit organizations, with minimum three years
of registration and service in the community, to broadcast community-based
programmes, under due license. Community radio is going to be a reality in many of
the places in India in the near future.

Community radio requires a lot of tools and techniques to be on success path. It

should have a broadcast studio, a programme studio and a few equipments. The
changing technologies, particularly the digital technologies, can make the work in
the community radio station easier and effective. Some of the community radio
stations, started with modest means, now have many hours of digital audio files of
programmes, making it difficult to manage them conveniently. So this Manual
facilitates the use of free software WINISIS, GenISIS and Greenstone, that are
promoted by UNESCO, to archive, retrieve and use the digital audio documents, in
community radio stations, even by any layman.

1
Digital Audio File Management
Community radio uses sound in divergent forms for broadcast. It can range from the
chirping of birds, flowing of a stream, movement of a bullock cart, rain, thunder,
gushing out of water from a pump, ticking of a clock, etc. to crying laughter or any
verbal utterance as the situation warrants. Community radio can use sound in digital
form conveniently, if the audio files are consolidated into easily usable digital
archives as described in this Manual.

We can classify the categories of sound as:

l Spoken language
l Music and songs
l Sound effects
l Silence

Radio usually uses written scripts whereas community radio prefers to use spoken
dialect particularly the local dialect, familiar to the local audience so as to facilitate
easy communication. Music used in programmes helps break the monotony.
Elements of sounds, other than spoken words, music and songs, can be used as sound
effect to enhance quality of the programmes. A sound of a bell, moving train and
other similar sounds can be used as sound effects. Silence, the conspicuous absence
of any sound, can also be used as an effect equivalent to that of sound in community
radio programmes.

Talks, interviews, dialogues, discussions, plays, features, music programmes, etc.

are the various types of community radio programmes. In a community radio station,
if sufficient resources are available, a well-equipped digital document archive can be
developed as part of the studio for programme production.

2
Digital Audio Recording
Digital audio recording facilities have become very popular nowadays. It is easy to
convert the audio/speech/songs from a microphone into a digital format which can be
stored as a computer file, usually in the computer's hard drive or CD-ROM or DVD.
There are multitudes of audio file formats. But the most common formats are wave
files (.WAV) and MPEG Layer-3 files (.MP3). Some details of the formats are given
in the following section.

Digital Audio File Formats

There are multitudes of digital audio file formats and the most common among them
are given below:-
l WAV - the most popular audio file format used mainly in Windows and is
commonly used for storing uncompressed sound files. This type of format is
large in size and of around 10MB per minute of music. The wave files can be
converted to other file format like mp3 to reduce the file size
l MP3 - MPEG Layer-3 format is the most popular format for downloading
and storing music. The mp3 files are compressed to roughly one-tenth the
size of an equivalent WAV file while maintaining good audio quality. The
MP3 format is good for large music storage. It is not so good for voice
storage.
l OGG - a free, open source container format that can be compared to MP3
files in terms of quality.
l GSM - is designed for telephony use in Europe and is a very useful format for
telephone quality voice. It makes a good compromise between file size and
quality. It is very good for voice storage.
l FLAC - a lossless audio format. If you compress and covert an audio file to
flac and restore it again, it will be a perfect copy of the original. In lossy
formats, a small part of the quality is lost. The format FLAC is good for
archiving.

3
l AU - a standard audio file format used by Sun, Unix and Java. The audio in
AU file format can be compressed.
l AIFF - a standard audio file format used by Apple which is like a WAV file
for the Mac.
l VOX - the VOX format is similar to WAV files except that the VOX files
contain no information about the file itself so the codec sample rate and
number of channels must first be specified in order to play a VOX file. VOX
is a very old file type and is pretty poor.

Proprietary Formats
l WMA - the popular Windows Media Audio format owned by Microsoft and
designed with Digital Rights Management (DRM) abilities for copy
protection.
l AAC - the Advanced Audio Coding format is based on the MPEG4 audio
standard owned by Dolby. A copy-protected version of this format has been
developed by Apple for use in music.
l ATRAC (.WAV) - the older style Sony ATRAC format. Always it has the
.WAV file extension.
l RA - a Real Audio format designed for streaming audio over the Internet. The
.RA format allows files to be stored in a self-contained fashion on a
computer, with all of the audio data contained inside the file itself.
l DSS - Digital Speech Standard files are Olympus proprietary format. It is
fairly old and poor in utility. It is better to use .GSM or .MP3 whenever the
digital audio recorder allows.
l MSV - is a Sony proprietary format for compressed voice files. A Sony
plugin is needed to load this.
l DVF - a Sony proprietary format for compressed voice files which is
commonly used by Sony dictation recorders. You might need a Sony plug-
into load this.
l ATRAC (.OMA, .OMG, .ATP) - the newer style Sony proprietary format
designed for mini disc use. It has .OMA, .OMG or .ATP file extension and is
similar to MP3. They are rights managed and one cannot open them in any
common software programs.

4
 Chapter 2
Creation of a Digital Audio Archive using WINISIS

WINISIS: the Database Software used for Archiving

WINISIS software, also known as CDS/ISIS for Windows and developed by

UNESCO, is a flexible, easy to use and menu-driven generalized information
storage and retrieval software application. Even though the software is designed
specifically for creating and managing non-numerical, textual databases such as a
library catalogue, it is most suited for managing digital audio documents stored in
computer hard disk or other storage media. WINISIS is flexible enough to create any
number of databases with completely different data elements. It can be used by
anyone having a reasonable computer exposure or experience and hence can be used
for easily managing digital documents by community radio managers.

Components of WINISIS Database Software

WINISIS database1 , as any other database software, can contain any number of
records and each record can contain a set of fields such as title of a document and
name of creator that you can choose to have. A field, in a record, carries the data
element and the value. WINISIS database will have a master file, with .MST
extension, containing the entire records in the database. An inverted file, containing
all the indexed terms from the data fields along with the master file number (MFN) of
the database, generated automatically during database creation, functions as an
index to the master file and that mechanism ensures faster retrieval of any record.

1
A database is a set of records or pieces of information about entities such as audio, video, or even
books, journals, articles, etc. A record is made up of a number of fields. Each field can contain data
about particular facts like Title, Singer, Film, Music director, etc. as you choose. One can even create a
field for some description about the audio file and that too can be made searchable.

5
In order to create a WINISIS database with any combination of chosen fields, the
following components need to be created.
l Field Definition Table (FDT): The FDT defines the fields such as title of a
song, name of singer, name of film, format, etc. of the records in the database
and their characteristics. FDT determines the structure of data entry
worksheet. That means the field name, data type, etc. of the field in the data
entry worksheet will be determined by the Field Definition Table.
l Data Entry Worksheet(s): The worksheet is the screen layout used to create
and/or update the content of the records in the database. The data entry to the
database is done by using the worksheet. WINISIS provides a specially
designed editor to create the worksheet.
l Print Format (PFT): The PFT is the format for display or printing of
records. This is the most difficult part in learning the use of WINISIS. The
default PFT can be created by WINISIS Print Format Assistant. But if you
want to alter the display of elements, you need to learn more about the
format terms. Learning the format terms is not so difficult, once you learn
the basics.
l Field Selection Table(s) (FST): FST defines the fields, from the database,
that allow search. Search is made possible by creating an inverted file of
terms indexed from those fields chosen for search. If you don't choose any
field for search, that field cannot be searched. So select all those fields
required to be searched and retrieved.

6
 Installation of WINISIS
Double Click on the Winisis1.5_3.exe2 file to start its installation.

Figure 2.1: WINISIS Installation File (WINISIS1.5_3.exe)

Then you will get the first screen in the installation process as shown in Figure 2.2.

Figure 2.2: Starting the Installation

Click on the Continue button and you will get the window as shown in Figure 2.3.

2
WINISIS and associated software are obtainable from UNESCO website
http://www.unesco.org/isis/. You can download WINISIS directly from
http://www.unesco.org/isis/files/winisislicense.html

7
 Figure 2.3: Choosing the Folder for Installation

Click on the Continue button.

Figure 2.4: Program Group for Installation

Again click on the Continue button.

8
 Figure 2.5: Suggested Folder for Storage of Data Files

Click on the Continue button.

Figure 2.6: Choosing the Language

Again click on the Continue button.

9
 Figure 2.7: Choosing the Program Directory
Click on the Continue button.

Figure 2.8: Read-Me File

Click the OK button and you will be notified the successful installation of the
program as shown in Figure 2.9.

10
 Figure 2.9: Installation Completed

Click the OK button to finalize the installation.

The next step is the creation of database.

Creation of an Archive of Audio Documents

In order to create an archive of digital audio documents, you need to collect the
required audio files and place them in a convenient folder in your computer. It can be
in any audio file format. Then, create3 a database of the digital audio documents in
WINISIS4. The database can have any number of fields as you choose. You can, as
well, choose any number as the tag number of each field. The database to be created
for demonstration purpose will have the following tags and fields for convenience.
10 Title
20 Singer
30 Film
40 Format
90 Audio File
100 List

3
Before creating the database, remove all the files from the folder C:\WINISIS\DATA. The folder will contain the
data files of two sample databases CDS and THES.
4
WINISIS is installed in C:\WINISIS folder by default. Data subfolder holds the Winisis data files. Each Winisis
database consists of around 12 files. Files ending with .MST, .FDT, .PFT and .IFP are important data files.
Syspar.par is the parameter file that determines many things. Each file in the Winisis must have a numeric tag to
identify it. You cannot change the tag number of a field once created, without resorting to import - export process.

11
Creation of database using WINISIS is very easy and automatic.
Open the WINISIS programme by clicking CDS_ISIS for Windows under
Start Program menu.

Figure 2.10: Opening the WINISIS Program

Then you will get the screen as shown in Figure 2.11.

Figure 2.11: WINISIS Opening Screen

Click on the Database drop down menu and select New as follows (Figure 2.12).

12
 Figure 2.12: Creating a New Database
Now you will be led to the following screen (Figure 2.13).

Figure 2.13: Naming the Database

Give a database name such as AUDIO and click on the Ok button.
Then you will get the following screen (Figure 2.14).

Click here
Add field

Give a tag Type field

number name here

Figure 2.14: Default Field Definition Table

13
You need to provide the Tag number (10, 20, 30, etc) in the Tag box and Field name
(Title, Singer, Film, etc) of your choice in the Name box and then click the Add
button every time on completion of each entry.

Beginners may choose Alphanumeric5 under Type box so that the field can contain
alphabetical and numeric data. Click the check box under Rep for multiple
occurrences (such as more than one singer) of the field. Ignore the Pattern/Subfields,
if you are not dividing the field into subfields.

Click here to
Figure 2.15: Field Definition Table Continue

On completing the entering of tag numbers and the name of fields, click the green
arrow button at the right bottom corner to move on to the next screen.

5
If you choose numeric, you cannot use alphabetical data. It will take numeric data only.

14
 Figure 2.16: Choosing Data Entry Fields
In the screen as shown in Figure 2.16, highlight the fields (on the left pane), which
you want to include as the Data Entry Field and click on the double arrow button
in the middle so as to get the field included as a Data Entry Field.

Click on the double arrow button in the above screen will add all fields in the
database as Data Entry Fields and they will appear in the right pane as above, so that
you can add data in all fields. Then click on the green arrow button to move on to the
following screen.

Figure 2.17: Launching Print Format Assistant

15
Click Yes to launch the wizard Print Format Assistant.

Figure 2.18: Choose a Print Format

Select the appropriate print format and click Ok button to get the print format screen
as in Figure 2.19. Decorated format is the preferable choice for the beginners as it
appears colourful.

Figure 2.19: Print Format

16
Add the following format line in the print format statements shown above, in order
to create a hypertext link with a set of words such as Click here6:
Link (('Click here'), 'OPENFILE ', v90)
Ensure to provide a space between the OPENFILE command and the single quote,
and the command OPENFILE should be in upper case as shown above. Instead of the
set of words Click Here, you can use any other words as a link in the field.
The meaning of the command is that, when you click on the link with the set of words
'Click here', the click will automatically result in playing the audio file denoted in the
field V90, in an audio player.
Click the green side arrow button to move ahead and you will be asked whether to
launch the Dictionary Assistant.
The resultant print format would appear as in Figure 2.20.

Figure 2.20: Modified Print Format

Click Ok to move on to the next screen (Figure 2.21).

6
We have chosen the words Click here as the link. The hyperlink from the words Click here will be
cross-linked to the full text document, if the full path or location of the document in the computer, is
provided in a field. Choose Tag 90 with field name Audio File for giving the full path.The format line
given above should also be added to the print format.

17
 Figure 2.21: Launching Dictionary Assistant

Click Yes (Figure 2.21) to launch the Dictionary Assistant. Dictionary Assistant will
help you in selecting the fields for indexing and the indexing technique for creation
of Inverted File Index. You will then get the following screen (Figure 2.22).

Figure 2.22: Field Selection Table

Put X mark in the check boxes on the left side of the field names and select the
appropriate Technique for indexing from the dropdown menu at the right top. The
most commonly used indexing techniques are 0-by line and 4-by word. Select 4-by
word indexing technique in the drop down menu. That means, if you choose 4-by
word, all the words in the field will be indexed as indexing terms in the inverted file.
Then click Ok to move on to the next screen (Figure 2.23).

18
 Figure 2.23: Field Selection Table
Here you can make any alteration in the indexing technique. To correct any entry,
just click on the entry in the entries box and that will appear in the edit box as shown
in Figure 2.23. You can edit the text and change the indexing technique, if needed. It
is better for the beginners to ignore it, initially.
Then click the Terminate button (Figure 2.23) and you will get the following
message (Figure 2.24).

Figure 2.24
Now click the Yes button for confirmation and you will be notified that the
database has been created (Figure 2.25).

Figure 2.25
Click the OK button (Figure 2.25). Now creation of the database is over.

19
Data Entry
Open the newly created database by clicking on Open under Database drop
down menu (Figure 2.26) as follows:

Figure 2.26: Open the Database

Then you will get the following screen (Figure 2.27) and select .MST file of
the new database (audio.mst in this example) from the left pane.

Figure 2.27: Opening the Database

Click the Ok button (Figure 2.27) to open the database as in the following screen
(Figure 2.28).

20
 Figure 2.28: Database Opened

Database definition process is over and you need to enter the data by opening the
WINISIS as in Figure 2.29 and by clicking the Data entry under Edit menu.

Figure 2.29: Open the Data Entry Window

You will then get the data entry screen as in Figure 2.30.

21
 Click here to
enter a new
record

Figure 2.30: Data Entry Window

Enter the data of the digital audio documents one by one in the fields.

In Audio Field, you need to provide the file name with extension (.mp3, .wav, etc.)
alone, if you are going further to create a front end as detailed in the next chapter.

Save button

Save and new

button

Figure 2.31: Entering Data in the Database

22
 Figure 2.32: Database Displayed

On the other hand, if you provide the full path of the document (e.g., D:\0001.mp3)
in the Audio File field and place those documents in that location, you can use the
application as a WINISIS archive. A click on the link will then open the audio
document.

The database creation is over. You can search and find out required document from
the archive7.

7
Search mechanism is described in the appendix of this Manual.

23
 Chapter 3
Creating a Front End for the Archive

GenIsisWeb software can be used for creating a convenient front end for the
WINISIS archive. While creating the WINISIS database, you need to use file name
alone (not the full path) in the field that contains the link to the document. Here the
field name is Audio File.

WINISIS software is already installed in your computer. The database created by

WINISIS will work as the back end of the GenIsisWeb application, the creation of
which is described below.

The steps for creation of the GenIsisWeb application are as follows:-

l Install Apache web server;
l Install GenIsisWeb software and convert it into English language
version;
l The WWWISIS folder from GenIsisWeb installation will normally be
copied automatically into HTDOCS folder of Apache. Otherwise do
it;
l The contents (not the folder) of BIREME in GenIsisWeb will
normally be copied to CGI-BIN in Apache. Otherwise do it;
l Create the GenIsisWeb front end application with a website like
homepage;
l The front end can be accessed by an HTTP address.

Installation of Apache Web Server

Install Apache8 web server software in your computer9, to create a convenient front
end with GenIsisWeb software. Apache is the most popular free software used for
converting a computer into a server. On installation of the Apache software, even the
client computer in the network will become a server and the application can be
accessed from any remote computer in the network.
8
Apache software is used for making any computer into a file server in the client-server mode. Software Server is
the computer that serves the files. Apache HTTP Server software for Windows can be downloaded from
http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi [download Win32 Binary without crypto (no mod_ssl) (MSI Installer)].
9
By creating the GenIsisWeb application, you can make the digital audio archive accessible over the network.

25
 Installation Process
Double click on the icon and installation of Apache will start.

Figure 3.1

Click on the Next button (Figure 3.1).

Figure 3.2

26
Here (Figure 3.2) you have to type a domain name (e.g., kila.org), server name (e.g.,
www.kila.org) and email address (e.g., [email protected]). These names need not
be real.

Click the Next button and the following screen will appear (Figure 3.3).

Figure 3.3
Select Complete (to install all program features) and click the Next button.

Figure 3.4

27
While installing Apache, ensure to choose C:\Program Files\Apache
Group\Apache10 as the destination folder for installation. Otherwise it will not match
with the defaults set in the GenIsisWeb software.

Click the Next button.

Figure 3.5
Click on the Install button and you will get the following screen (Figure 3.6).

Figure 3.6
10
If you are installing the Apache in some other location, please ensure to choose appropriate path of cgi-bin and
document root (htdocs) in figure 3.4. As well, you should copy the WWWISIS folder from C:\Program
Files\GenISISWeb\to …htdocs\ folder in Apache and copy the contents of the bireme folder in GenIsisWeb to the
cgi-bin folder in Apache.

28
Click the Finish button, when the installation process is complete.
Once Apache is installed, you can start installing GenISISWeb.

Installation of GenISISWeb

GenIsisWeb software can be downloaded11 it as a zip file from Internet and will
appear as follows:

Figure 3.7: GenIsisWeb zip file

Double click on it and it will show the following screen. Then suggest a path where
you want to copy the unzipped files and click on the Decompresser button (Figure
3.8)

Figure 3.8: Decompressing GenIsisWeb zip file

When you decompress the zip file, you will get the following three files namely,
GENISISWEB.CAB, SETUP.EXE and SETUP.LST (Figure 3.9).

Figure 3.9: Decompressed Files

11
GenisisWeb software can be downloaded from www.scribnet.org or www.unesco.org/isis/

29
 Double click12 the setup.exe file shown in Figure 3.9. Then you will get the
first screen in the installation process as shown in Figure 3.10.

Figure 3.10: Installation of GenIsisWeb software

Click the OK button to get the following screen (Figure 3.11).

Click the icon to continue

Figure 3.11: Starting Installation of GenIsisWeb software

Click on the computer icon on the left side in the screen as shown in Figure 3.11.

12
When you double click on setup.exe file, an installation wizard will appear. You can
install the program by pressing the return key continuously till the installation is over.

30
 Figure 3.12
Click on the Continuer button (Figure 3.12).

Figure 3.13

Then click the OK button (Figure 3.13) to finalize the installation13.

Starting Apache Web Server
Normally the Apache might start running just after the installation or when you
open your computer. If Apache is not ON14, start the Apache web server, by
following the steps given below:
Click Start Programs Apache httpd Server Configure Apache
Server Start Apache in Console

13
During the installation, the WWWISIS folder under the GenIsisWeb will be automatically copied into the
HTDOCS under Apache. The contents (not the folder) of BIREME in GenIsisWeb will be copied to CGI-BIN in
Apache. Otherwise copy both.
14
Checking the running status of Apache is simple. Open your web browser and type the word localhost in the
address bar, you will get a homepage with the words, It Works. If you get that homepage, it is sure that the web
server Apache is ON.

31
When Apache starts running, you will get the following window (Figure 3.15).
Then click Esc key in the computer or minimize the screen.

Figure 3.15: Apache Running Status

You can then design your web interface for WINISIS archive using GenIsis
Web software.

32
Converting GenIsisWeb into English

To convert the GenIsisWeb into the English version, open the GenIsisWeb and
follow the steps as shown in Figure 3.16.

Then you will get the following screen (Figure 3.17).

Figure 3.17: GenIsisWeb Window

The default display language of the GenIsisWeb application is French.

Click on the Configuration Option and you will get the following window
(Figure 3.18). Click the dropdown menu, in the screen, and select Anglais to change
the language into English.

33
Also, select the sub-folder "wwwisis" in "DocumentRoot" and click the side
button as shown in Figure 3.19.

Click hereto choose

the cgi-bin

Click hereto select the subfolder

wwwisis in the document root

Figure 3.19

Then the following screen (Figure 3.20) with a message in French, asking you
whether to use the Apache, will appear.

34
 Figure 3.20

Click the Qui button.

Figure 3.21
Click the Valider button.

Click here

Figure 3.22
Click the OK button.

35
 Figure 3.23
Click the OK button (Figure 3.23). Check whether everything is correct as
instructed in the screen (Figure 3.23). Now you have to restart GenIsisWeb to
get the English version.

Creating GenIsisWeb Application

Restart GeinsisWeb by clicking Start Programs Application GenISIS
GenISISWeb.

Then you will get the following screen (Figure 3.24).

Figure 3.24
Click on Application menu and select New (Figure 3.25)

36
 Figure 3.25
Then the following screen (Figure 3.26) will show the list of WINISIS
database15 available in your computer in its default location.

Figure 3.26
Select the database (.mst) and click the Open button in the screen (Figure 3.26).
You will get the following screen (Figure 3.27).

Figure 3.27
Type any name like MYWEB for your application and click OK.

15
If your WINISIS data is in any folder other than the default folder (C:\Winisis\Data),
choose the .MST file by using the look in drop down menu (Figure 3.26).

37
Now you will have to design two forms - one Query form and a Search Result
Display page by using Format 'listing ' as detailed below.
Altogether there are three form design formats:
l Query form which allows you to design the web like Query Form - a home
page for searching the WINISIS database.
l Format 'listing' which allows you to design a Search Result Display
Page
l Format 'details' is ignored as it serves no purpose, in our case.
We shall use the first two forms for our purpose and ignore the third form Format
'details'.

Designing the Query Form

To design the query form, click the Add button at the bottom of the query form as
shown in Figure 3.28.

Click here to add fields

Figure 3.28: Form Design Formats

Then you will get the following screen (Figure 3.29).

38
 Click on All Fields to create a search
box for All Fields, on the query page

Select the button to create an

index button on the query page

Figure 3.29

In the above screen (Figure 3.29), select All fields16 from the left panel to create a
single search box that allows search by any term in any searchable field in the
database. Then choose Index and click OK button.

You can select your option with regard to the search operators and the index button
by clicking the check boxes on the left side of the above screen. Index button would
help the users to choose the terms indexed in the inverted file for search.

Now you will get the following window (Figure 3.30). The screen (Figure 3.30)
shows the All fields search box alone.

16
The items appearing on the left pane of Figure 3.29 are the fields you had included in your WINISIS
database. If you want to create a multi-field search box for more fields, you will have to click on Add
button, select the field from the left pane and click the OK button every time until you put search box
for each one of those fields.

39
 Figure 3.30

Select any or all the three tabs Form, Index and Page appearing on the right side of
the screen for appropriately modifying the 'look' of the Search-box area, Index Page
and Display Area of query form respectively. You can ignore them initially to avoid
the trouble of learning inessential things.

You can play with the options in the screen and can choose anything you prefer to
have a beautiful look for your web front end. You can change background color, font
parameters, etc.

How to Change the Page Display of the Query Form

Click here to
Change background

Click on this button

to edit the title of your
queryform

Put tick mark to show

the number of records to
be to be displayed in a
search

Figure 3.31

40
Designing Format 'Listing'

Then click on the 'Format-listing' window17 at its top and you will get the
following screen.

Click the Addd button

Figure 3.32: Default Format 'Listing' Page

Click the Add button at the left bottom so as to get the following window
(Figure 3.33). You can design your Search Result page, as detailed in Figure 3.33.
Click here and you will
get this drop down menu.
Then select a field

After selecting the field

click this down arrow
button

Click here to add link

Figure 3.33: Defining Format 'Listing' Page

17
You can choose the format 'listing' or Query form by selecting it from the Windows drop down menu that
appears in the opening screen of the application.

41
In the screen as shown in Figure 3.33, first select the appropriate Field (for display in
the search result page) by clicking the drop down menu. Then click the down arrow
button at the middle and finally click the Ok button.

Now insert the next Field by clicking Add button till all fields except Audio File are
selected. Audio File field needs to be provided with a link to the audio document for
opening it.

Figure 3.34: One Field (Title) Added

Now add the Audio File field as described in Figure 3.35.

Click here to
add Audio
File Field

Click here to
add it

Provide the
path to the
sub-folder

Select To external resource

[pdf, doc, mp3, wav …..]

Figure 3.35: Providing Link to the Audio File Field

42
Then, click on the down arrow button at the middle as shown in Figure 3.35. Then
click the drop down menu appearing against link and select To external resource
(pdf, doc…), in order to link the audio files.

Then provide the path to the subfolder where you put the full-text documents18 (e.g.,
/audio/) in HTDOCS of Apache as shown (/audio/) in Figure 3.36. Now click Ok
button to save it.

You may move on to the next screen (Figure 3.36).

Figure 3.36: Format Listing

While designing two forms (query form and format 'listing'), create a subfolder
(say audio) in htdocs and copy all the audio documents in that folder.

Then click on Application drop down menu and select Create application as in
Figure 3.37.

18
You should create a subfolder (choose any name such as audio for the subfolder) in the folder
...\Apache\htdocs\and copy all the audio documents in it. The documents can only be placed in a sub-
folder in htdocs and the relative the documents in a sub-folder namely pdf in htdocs the path should be
/pdf/

43
Type any search term in the Search box for all fields to make a search.

Figure 3.40: Search Window

Then click the Search button to get the following screen (Figure 3.41)
containing the result.

Click here to open Figure 3.41: Search Result Page

the document

45
If you click on the link (001.mp3) provided in the field Audio File (Figure 3.41),
appropriate document would be opened, automatically as follows (Figure 3.42).

Figure 3.42: An Opened Audio Document

Close the above windows and save the application as follows (Figure 3.43).

Save the Application

Finally Save the application by clicking the Save under Application drop down
menu as in Figure. 3.43.

Figure 3.43: Save the Application

46
 Figure 3.44

Click the OK button as shown in Figure 3.44.

Now, you can open the GenIsisWeb application by typing the http address
http://computername/wwwisis/databasename/form.htm in the address bar of the
web browser, from any computer in the local network.

For example, http://127.0.0.1/wwwisis/new.01/form.htm will be the address for the

application created above. The computer will add .01 to the first application (new.01)
and .02 to second application (new.02) and so on, when you create different home
pages for the same database. Any number of applications can be created for the same
database.

You can allow others to search the database with the above HTTP address19.

19
If a remote user opens the application from a remote computer, the IP address of the host computer
where the application is installed, should be used in stead of 127.0.0.1. The IP number 127.0.0.1
denotes localhost. The localhost is a reserved name meaning this computer in which the browser is
running.

47
 Chapter 4
Creation of a CD-ROM Library of Audio Documents

Digital archive of audio documents created with WINISIS in Chapter 2 can easily be
ported into a CD-ROM with GenIsisCD software. The CD-ROM library or archive
of audio documents, thus created, can be used for wider dissemination and safe
storage.
The steps for creation of the CD-ROM library are as follows:
l Create an archive of audio documents using WINISIS with one field for file
name with extension (001.mp3)
l Convert the archive into a CD-ROM library with GenIsisCD.
You can use the database created in Chapter 2 for converting into a CD-ROM library
or creating a new WINISIS archive ensuring the following essential features. If you
choose to use the WINISIS archive already created, then go to the installation of
GenIsisCD and continue from there. However, a recapitulation of the important
points is given in the following section.

Important Steps in Creation of a Database of Audio Documents

Collect the audio documents and create a database of the digital documents in
WINISIS with as many fields as required. But ensure to provide the file name with
extension (001.mp3) alone in one (Audio File) field.
The database of our demonstration CD-ROM library will have the following tags and
fields. But, you can use any tag and field name.
10 Title
20 Singer
30 Film
40 Format
90 Audio File
100 List

49
Creation of database using WINISIS is very easy as explained in the second chapter.
After creating the files in WINISIS for the database, edit the print format of the
database as follows for providing a link from a field to the Audio File. This is also
explained in the chapter.

Edit the Print Format

Open the print format by clicking Print Format under Edit menu in WINISIS as
follows (Figure 4.1).

Figure 4.1: Original Print Format

Add the following format line in order to create a hypertext link with the words
Click here20. The hyperlink, thus created, will be cross-linked to the audio
document, the name of which is provided in the tag number 90:
Link (('Click here'), 'OPENFILE ', v90)

Ensure to provide a space between the OPENFILE command and the single quote,
and the command OPENFILE should be in upper case as shown above.
The meaning of the command is that, when you click on the link in the Audio File
field, the click will automatically result in opening the digital document denoted in
the field v90.

20
The words Click here is used to make know the concept of linking and the words have no
significance as they do not appear when CD-ROM library is created.

50
The resultant print format would appear as in Figure 4.2. Click Ok button
(Figure 4.2) to save the edited print format.

Figure 4.2
Entering Data in the Database
Enter the data of all documents, such as Title, Singer, Film, Format, etc. in each
field21. The filename22 of the audio file including extension (001.mp3) should be
entered in the Audio File field.
Then the database display should be as follows (Figure 4.3)

Figure 4.3
21
Please see Chapter 2 to find the way of opening the data entry screen.
22
Do not provide full path of the audio documents in the Audio File field. Remember that for creating WINISIS
archive, full path is required, whereas for creation of a homepage - like front end with GenIsisWeb explained in
the second chapter and for creation of CD-ROM library described in this chapter, file name with extension alone
is required.

51
The database creation is over and you can continue with creation of CD-ROM library
with GenIsisCD.

Creation of a CD-ROM Library with GenIsisCD

Installation of GenIsisCD Software

GenIsisCD1.1.023 software is available at www.scribnet.org. When you download it

will be in zipped mode. Unzip the downloaded zipped file and you will get the
following three files.

Figure 4.4
Double click the setup.exe file given above24. Then you will get the first screen in
the installation process as follows (Figure 4.5).

Figure 4.5
Click the OK button and you will be led to a screen as in Figure 4.6.

23
The GenisisCD software created by Pierre Chabert ([email protected]) is available at
http://www.scribnet.org. Download the English version.
24
When you double click SETUP.EXE, an installation wizard will appear and you can install the
program selecting the default values in the wizard by pressing the return key, all the time, till the
installation is over.

52
 Click the computer
icon to continue

Figure 4.6
Click on the computer icon on the left side and you will get the following
screen (Figure 4.7).

Figure 4.7

Click the Continuer button and you will be notified the successful installation
of the program.

53
 Figure 4.8
Click on the OK button to finalize the installation

Creation of CD-ROM Library: Further Steps

Open GenIsisCD program and you will get the following screen (Figure 4.9).

Figure 4.9

Then you will get the following screen as in Figure. 4.10.

54
 Figure 4.10
Click Configuration and select Options to get the following screen (Figure 4.11).

Click here
to select the
language as
English

Figure 4.11: Selecting English as Default Language

Click on the language drop down arrow key to select the language English and
click the Ok button25 as above. The screen shown in Figure 4.12 will appear.
Click on the Application menu (Figure 4.12) and select New as follows.
25
If your installation doesn't show English language, create a notepad file with the following
contents.
[OPTIONS]
LANG=en
Save it with the name GenIsisCD and put it in the folder C:\Program Files\GenIsisCD.
The application will be converted to English when you refresh it.

55
 Figure 4.12
Then the screen (Figure 4.13) will appear, if the WINISIS database is available
in the default location.

Figure 4.13
Select the .MST file of the modified WINISIS database and click the Open
button in the above screen. The following screen (Figure 4.14) will appear.

Figure 4.14

56
Give a name like MYWEB for your application and click OK (Figure 4.14).
Now you will have to design two forms - one Query form and a Search Result.
Display page by using Format 'listing' as detailed below. There are three form design
formats as listed below:
l Query form which allows you to design the web like Query form - a home
page for searching the WINISIS database.
l Format 'listing' which allows you to design a Search Result Display Page.
l Format 'details' is ignored.
We shall use the first two forms for our purpose and the third form Format 'details'
will be ignored.

Figure 4.15: Form Design Formats

How to Design the Query Form?

Query form is the front-end web form, like the homepage of a website. It will have a
search box, submit button and other buttons. To design the query form, select the
Query form by clicking on it.

57
 Click here to Add
search box

Figure 4.16: Designing the Query Form

Then, click on the Add button at the bottom of the query form to add a search
box and an index button. Then you will get the following window (Figure 4.17).

Check here to create

Index button
Figure 4.17: Adding Search Box to Query Form

58
In the screen as shown in Figure 4.17, select 'All fields'26 from the left panel (as it
allows search by any term in the database) and then click Ok. Now create an index
button by marking the appropriate check box.
Next you will be led to the following window (Figure 4.18), which allows you to
modify the colour and appearance of the form.

Figure 4.18: Design Query Form

The tabs Form, Index and Page appearing on the right side of the screen (Figure
4.18) will allow you to modify the 'look' of the Query Form, Index Display Page and
Search Display Page respectively.

26
The items appearing on the left panel are the database fields included in the Winisis database and you
can create search box exclusively for each field by selecting the field one by one and clicking Ok.

59
 How to Change the Page Display of the Query Form
Click here to change
background colour

Click on this button

to edit the title of
your query form

Put tick mark to

show the number of
records to be
displayed in a
search.
Figure 4.19
Many inbuilt options are there (Figure 4.19). You can play with these options and can
change anything you would prefer to have a beautiful look for your CD-ROM library.

Designing Format 'Listing'

Now click on the 'Format-Listing' window and you will get the following screen
(Figure 4.20). So we need to create the page.

Click here to select

appropriate numbering
system for records

Click these icons to change the background

and font colour of the result display page
Figure 4.20: Changing the Appearance of the Search Result Display Page

60
Click the Add ( ) button27 at the bottom to create a customized search-result
display page and you will get the following window (Figure 4.21).

Figure 4.21: Creating a Search Result Display Page

From the screen (Figure 4.21), select the appropriate Field in the drop down menu
and then click the down arrow button at the middle and then click the Ok button.
Now select the next field by clicking the Add ( ) button till all Fields except the field
Audio File are added (Figure 4.22).

Figure 4.22
Select the Audio File field (Figure 4.23) and provide a link as follows.

27
If you don't Add any field, the default search result display page will appear. But the default page
will not have links to the Audio file field.

61
 Click here to add field

Click here and select

Figure 4.23: Linking to the Audio Documents

Then click on the down arrow button at the middle so as to display the Audio File
name with extension (001.mp3). Now select the drop down menu appearing against
link (Figure 4.23) and select To external resource (pdf, doc…), if the audio
documents are mp3, wav, pdf, doc, html, etc. Then click the Ok button to save it.
Then move on to the next screen (Figure 4.24).

Figure 4.24: Fields Selected for Display of Search Results

After designing two forms (Query Form and Format 'Listing') as in Figure 4.24,
you may click on the Application drop down menu and select Create application
as in Figure 4.25.

62
 Figure 4.25: Creating Application
On clicking the Create Application, you will get the following screen (Figure 4.26).

Figure 4.26
Click the OK button (Figure 4.26).

Now your application is created in the folder C:\Program

Files\GenIsisCD\appli\Cd.01. (The second application will have the name Cd.02,
third one will have Cd.03 and so on). Now you may test28 whether the database is
working properly before finalizing the CD-ROM application.

28
In order to test the application, open the html folder (C:\Program Files\GenIsisCD\appli\Cd.01\html] and
Delete the index file (index.htm). Then open the base_databasename_01 (e.g., base_audio_01) folder
(C:\ProgramFiles\GenIsisCD\appli\Cd.01\html\base_databasename _01). Copy form_databasename (e.g.,
form_audio) file and paste it in the html folder and rename the copied file (in the html folder) into index. Then
click the Navisis.exe ( ) file in the C:\Program Files\GenIsisCD\appli\CD.01 folder. Now you can see the
query page and can search the database, but the link to Audio file will not work.

63
Finalize the CD-ROM Application

Click on the Application drop down menu and select Finalize the application
(before “CD burning”) as in Figure 4.27. Then you will be led to the following
screen (Figure 4.28).

Figure 4.27: Finalize CD-ROM Application

Figure 4.28: Creating the CD-ROM Structure

You may put tick mark on the check box on top left so as to make the CD-ROM
Auto Run. Then click Ok button and move on to the next screen (Figure 4.29).

64
 Figure 4.29
Click Yes in the screen (Figure 4.29). The next screen (Figure 4.30) appears.

Figure 4.30

Click the OK button in the above screen, in order to move the database to C:\Program
Files\GenIsisCD\appli\CD.01\db\audio.

Figure 4.31
Allow the above screen (Figure 4.31) to run, until it is finished.

65
Now click the Close button (X) to get the following screen (Figure 4.32) with
instructions to burn the CD-ROM. Please take a print-out of the page and follow the
instructions.
Click Exit to close the CD-ROM file generation process.

Figure 4.32: Instructions to Burn the CD-ROM

Modifications to be Made before Finalizing the CD-ROM

Open the html folder (C:\Program Files\GenIsisCD\appli\Cd.01\html] and Delete
the index file (index.htm).

Then open the base_databasename_01 (e.g., base_audio_01) folder

(C:\ProgramFiles\GenIsisCD\appli\Cd.01\html\base_databasename _01).

Copy form_databasename (e.g., form_ audio) file and paste it in the html folder and
rename the copied file (in the html folder) into index.

Create a new subfolder (say audio) in the "html" directory. Then copy the set of your
audio documents to the audio subfolder (C:\ProgramFiles\
GenIsisCD\appli\Cd.01\html\audio.)

Making the CD-ROM Independent of CD-ROM Drive Label

Make the resultant CD-ROM to work in a computer with any CD-ROM drive label
such as D, E, F, etc. as follows.

66
Open the liste_databasename file in the base_databasename folder.
(C:\ProgramFiles\GenIsisCD\appli\Cd.01\html\base_databasename\liste_database
name) and it will look as follows (Figure 4.33).

Figure 4.33: Right Click to View Sources

Right click on the page with the mouse and select View sources to see the html
codes of the page. Then html codes will appear in a notepad file as in figure 4.34.
Now, you have to find out the html source line pertaining to the field tag, which
provides link to the full text documents (in this database 90 is the field tag). The html
source line can be found out easily by searching for the * using the Find menu of the
notepad. Then add the words [Rep]audio/ in front of the * mark, appearing just
before the field tag number and the resultant line would look as follows:
{<a target="_blank" href="[Rep]audio/*">[90]</A></B></font><BR>}

67
 Figure 4.34: HTML Codes of the liste_databasename
If you provide this syntax [Rep], it will replace the label of the CD-ROM drive of the
computer where CD-ROM is put, even if it is D, E or F. The symbol * (star) will
replace the name of the audio document file mentioned in the field 90.
Save the changes.
Then burn the contents in the folder Cd.01 (C:\Program Files\GenIsisCD
\appli\Cd.01) on a blank CD-ROM.

Testing the Burned CD-ROM

Installing the CD-ROM
Put the burnt CD-ROM in a computer and the following screen (Figure 4.35) will
appear automatically. If the Autorun feature does not work, open the CD-ROM
drive to get the following screen (Figure 4.35).

Figure 4.35: Install the CD-ROM

68
Click on the Install the CDROM button shown in Figure 4.35 and follow the on-
screen instructions to install the program.

Running the CD-ROM

Then go to Start Programs CDROM_name query the CDROM_name
to open the query form as follows (Figure 4.36).

Figure 4.36

69
 Figure 4.37: Search Page of GenIsisCD

Type any search term in the Search box for all fields to make a search.

Figure 4.38: Search Window

Click Search button to get the following search result.

70
 Figure 4.39: Search Result

If you click on the link (001.mp3) appearing against the field Audio File
provided above, appropriate document would be opened automatically.

Figure 4.40: Audio Document Opened

71
 Chapter 5
Building Up a Digital Library using Greenstone

Introduction
Community radio managers can also use Greenstone Digital Library Software
(GSDL) for managing digital audio documents. The digital library would help them
retrieve any document from the multitude of audio documents easily and
instantaneously as needed.
The Greenstone offers exciting ways to build manage and distribute digital audio
documents. The audio documents can, not only be archived in the computer, but also
be published on the Internet or on CD-ROMs using Greenstone Digital Library
Software. After making some simple changes in configuration, one can build an
audio digital library collection with different browsing classifiers (such as title,
creator, etc.) for any digital audio document collection. Once initiated, the automatic
collection building process may run into several hours or days for a very large audio
document collection. One can organize digital audio documents into focused
collections under different categories for instantaneous retrieval and use.

Software Installation
All the software tools needed for installation and running of Greenstone is available
in Internet. The website location of the software in the internet is provided in the
footnote29.

Installation of the Software

Installation of the software is very easy. The wizard will guide you through the
process of installation by suggesting the default options.

29
The Greenstone Digital Library Software (Windows) version 2.80 is the current one and can be
downloaded from http://www.greenstone.org/ or http://greenstonesupport.iimk.ac.in
/downloads.htm.
Java2 Runtime Environment can be downloaded from http://java.sun.com/

73
Install Java2 Runtime Environment in your computer as a prerequisite before
installing GSDL software. The installation will be a straight forward one, if you are
choosing the defaults in the wizard.
Then, install the GSDL 2.80 (Windows version) software in your computer.
Choose, preferably, the Local Library mode of installation which uses an inbuilt web
server for running the application. Web library installation, on the other hand, will
help you make the collection easily accessible in the local network. It requires a
separate web server like Apache / IIS and slight modification in the configuration file
needs to be done to make the Web Library work.
While installing the software, just choose the default options shown by the wizard.
The Greenstone installation Manual available in Internet sites mentioned above will
help you know more about the installation process. The Local Library installation
can be accessed from the Start menu whereas the Web Library installation can only
be accessed from a web browser using an http address.
Before starting the collection building process, please ensure that the audio
documents, to be built up, are placed in a suitable folder in the computer.

Building up a Collection with GLI

The easiest way to build a new digital library collection is to use Greenstone's
Librarian Interface30 (GLI), a component of Greenstone Digital Library Software.
GLI allows one to collect the documents, import or assign metadata, and build the
documents into a digital library.
GLI can perform the following basic functions, while building up a collection: -
1. Gather documents for building up the collection
2. Enrich the documents by adding metadata
3. Design the collection, its appearance and the access facilities
4. Format the appearance of the digital library

30
GLI is a Graphical Interface program created for making the collection building process
easier for anyone who do not have much knowledge to configure a collection. It works in
four modes - Library Assistant, Librarian, Library System Specialist and Expert. Librarian is
the suitable choice for beginners and is the default mode. When you go up to the level of
Expert, you will get more options to build. You can go to file preference to change the mode.

74
 5. Create the collection
6. Convert the digital library into a CD-ROM library

Starting the Building up Process

Open the GLI from the Start Programs Greenstone Digital Library
Software v2.80 Greenstone Librarian Interface.
To start a new collection, choose New from the File menu (Figure 5.1).

Figure 5.1: Starting a New Collection

Fill up a name for the collection (against Collection title) and a brief description
about the collection (against Description of content) in the appropriate column in the
pop-up window.

Type the Name

of the
Collection

l
h
aClick
C here and
sselect New
Collection

Figure 5.2: Adding Information about the Collection

75
Choose New Collection31 in the Base this collection on dialogue box and click OK
(Figure 5.2).

Gather the Documents

Now the Gather panel will become active and allow to collect the documents by
exploring the computer. You can select the files or directories by browsing the folders
in the computer, from the left pane. Drag and drop them into the right pane by your
mouse. You can drag the documents either individually or as group of documents in
folders/subfolders.
When you gather the documents, the software usually prompts you for adding the
Plug-in32, if suitable Plug-in is not included. In such cases, please click the Add Plug-
in button and the appropriate plug-in will be added.

Figure 5.3: Exploring the Computer for Gathering the Documents

31
This choice indicates that the collection, being built, will have an entirely new structure. If you want your
present collection to follow the pattern of an already existing collection, select the name of that collection
from the drop-down menu.
32
Plug-in is an add-on or auxiliary program that works with a major software package to enhance its
capability. Here the plug-ins help the Greenstone to handle the digital documents while building the
collection. MP3 Plug-in is the specific one used to build audio document collections.
Plug-ins, written in Perl language, will translate the source document into a common form, parse them and
extract metadata from them.

76
Enriching Documents with Metadata
The next stage is to enrich the documents by adding metadata for each document33.
Click on Enrich tab (Figure 5.3) and it will bring up a panel. The left side of the panel
under Collection tab shows the files. The right side, on clicking the Value box of the
metadata field, will allow adding metadata for each document against each metadata
element such as Title, Creator, etc. Here we use Dublin Core metadata and that is why
dc the short form of Dublin Core - is prefixed with name of metadata elements such
as Title, Creator, etc.

Select the individual document and add metadata such as Title, Singer, Film, Creator,
Subject, etc. of each of the audio documents manually. Any Dublin Core metadata
element can be labeled as anything else. So identify the metadata such as author, title,
music director, film or similar elements of the audio documents in common and
choose an appropriate one for each of them from the Dublin Core metadata while
adding the value.

The Greenstone will allow using any label for any metadata. So you can use dc.Title
as metadata element and provide it with a label Title. Like that, you can use any
metadata element such as dc.Creator, dc.Contributor, etc. and can provide any other
labels such as Author of the song, Music director, etc. for those metadata.

For making it simple, we use Author, Title and Subject of the songs as metadata
elements in this Manual. But you can use any number of elements as metadata and
can use any label for any Dublin Core metadata.

33
Metadata is the data about the documents, such as Title (of the song), Singer, Film, Format and so on. The
metadata element pre-fixed with dc. (e.g., dc.Title) denotes Dublin Core metadata, ex. (e.g., ex.Title) denotes
extracted metadata, exp. (e.g., exp.Title) denotes exploded metadata. Here we use Dublin Core metadata and
provide value against the metadata element after selecting each document file name under collection on the left
pane

77
 Click here to select the Type the metadata for
document one by one each document

Figure 5.4: Entering Metadata Values Using Enrich View

Type the Title of the audio file against dc.Title, type the Creator (Author) of the song
or program against dc.Creator, and type the Subjects (Keywords) against
dc.Subject and Keywords for each document appearing below Collection tab (left
pane) as in Figure 5.4. You can include more browsing classifiers of your choice, if
required.

Design the Collection

Now, design the collection by choosing the features available under the Design
menu. Design of the collection can be done by many submenus that are available on
the left side pane.

Document Plug-ins

Click on Document Plug-ins on the left pane (Figure 5.5) to add the required Plug-
ins needed to convert the audio document into the Greenstone collection. All plug-
ins, needed for handling common documents, will be loaded by default at the time of
installation. If proper Plug-in is not loaded, the software cannot build the digital
audio collection. So please add MP3 Plug-in, while building the digital collection of
audio files.

78
Click here to Click here to select and add
select plug-ins appropriate plug-in, if not added

Figure 5.5: Document Plug-ins

Search Indexes Browsing Classifiers

Figure 5.6: Search Indexes and Browsing Classifiers

Create Search Indexes

Choose Search indexes, shown in Figure 5.6, for creating Search Indexes. Search
Indexes can help you search and retrieve audio documents based on the words
appearing in selected metadata elements such as Title, Creator, etc.

79
Remove Default Indexes
Remove the default indexes for ex.Title and ex.Source by selecting the index
description under Assigned Indexes and then by clicking on the Remove Index
button (Figure 5.7). Remove the Search Index for text [Default Index] as the
documents have no text at all.

Select the index

Click here to select Click here to add a Click here to Remove

Search Indexes New Index Index

Figure 5.7: Removing Default Index

Adding New Indexes

Click on the New Index button (Figure 5.8). Select the dc.Title, dc.Creator and
dc.Subject and Keywords, by tick marking on the nearby check box, and add them
one by one by clicking on the Add Index button. That means select dc.Title first, add
it and then select dc.Creator, add it and continue like that. You can confine the
creation of search indexes for essential metadata elements alone.

80
 Click here to add New Index

Put tick mark to select Index And click here to Add Index

Figure 5.8: Adding New Indexes

At the end, all the three indexes will be added one by one as in Figure 5.9.

Figure 5.9: Indexes Selected for the Collection

You may select an index and move it up or down by clicking on the buttons on the
right side so as to set the order of its appearance. Likewise you can set any index as
default index by using the Set Default Index button.

81
Browsing Classifiers
In order to facilitate browsing of audio collection, we need to set up Browsing
Classifiers such as Title, Creator/Author, Subject, etc. of the audio documents to
browse the collection.
For that, remove the default Browsing Classifiers, for Title34 and Source as shown
in Figure 5.10, listed under the Assigned Classifiers panel by clicking on it one by
one and then by clicking on the Remove Classifier button.

Click here to Click here to remove default

select Browsing Classifiers Browsing Classifier
Figure 5.10: Removing the Default Browsing Classifiers
Now, choose Select classifier to add pull down list and select A-Z List or A-Z
Compact List35. Then click on Add Classifier and add the Browsing Classifiers36
for dc.Title, dc.Creators and dc.Subjects and Keywords by one by one.
34
The default browsing classifier for Title represent the extracted title (ex.Title) and the Dublin core title
(dc.Title) which we are using is different.
35
Use of AZCompactList Classifier brings icons for a shelf of documents under the browsing classifier. It groups
together the documents that appear multiple times with same metadata and does not differ from AZList in any
other manner.
36
All Dublin Core metadata elements have default buttons and the button names will be assigned automatically.
Title, Creators and Subjects are the default button names for dc.Title, dc.Creator and dc.Subject and Keywords.
You can change the button name by marking the check box for button name and typing the new button name
against it, while configuring the browsing classifiers. It is better to use the default button name initially, so as to
avoid the complexity.

82
 Click here to Add Classifier Click here to select the type of classifier

Figure 5.11: Adding Classifier

When you click Add Classifier button in the screen (Figure 5.11), you will get the
window for choosing the Browsing Classifier. Select the Browsing Classifier for
Title by choosing the metadata (dc.Title) as follows (Figure 5.12).

Click here to select

metadata (dc. Title)

Figure 5.12: Adding Classifier CL1 for Title - dc.Title

To provide the button name, scroll down the configuring arguments a little below,
find out the button name box, check mark it and type the desired Button name or
label for Browsing Classifier. Then click OK button to add Title classifier.
Then select the browsing classifier for Creator by choosing the metadata option
(dc.Creator) as follows (Figure 5.13).

83
 Click here to
select metadata
(dc.Creator)

Figure 5.13: Adding Classifier CL2 for Creator - dc.Creator

Click OK button (Figure 5.13) to add Creator classifier.

Then select the Browsing Classifier for Subjects by choosing the metadata option
(dc.Subject and Keywords) as follows (Figure 5.14).

Figure 5.14: Adding Classifier CL3 for Subjects dc.Subject and Keywords

Click OK button to add Subject and Keywords classifier. The resultant screen that
shows the three added Browsing Classifiers will appear as follows (Figure 5.15).

84
 Figure 5.15: Browsing Classifiers Assigned for the Demo Collection

Format
The page display of the resultant digital library, including the display page that
appears on clicking the browsing classifiers or on making a search, are governed by
the features provided below the Format tab. Format can be used for the following
general designs (Figure 5.16).

General
Choose the Format Tab and select General to provide the general description about
the collection (Figure 5.16). The description will appear in the opening page of the
collection.

Put a Picture as a Collection Icon

Choose a small picture37 of around 100*100 pixels, click on the Browse button
(Figure 5.16) on middle right and select the picture. Then the full path of the picture
will be as displayed in the address box lying against the Browse button. The picture
will appear as collection icon in the homepage of the Greenstone and a click on the
picture will take you to the 'about page' of the collection.

37
If the picture is large, its appearance in the about page will be larger taking upper half of the display.

85
You can provide the same picture or a different picture as the image for the 'about
page'38 also. It is advisable to avoid the picture in the 'about page' for convenience in
use.

Click here to
browse and
select picture

Click here to
select General

Figure 5.16: Designing the Collection General Information

Format Features
Beginner's may skip the Format Features section (Figure 5.17) and go to the next
section (Build the collection) (Figure 5.19). When you skip, the default settings
will take care of the page display. Advanced users can use the Format Features39
section of the Format panel on the left pane for modifying the display of audio
documents to some extent.
38
About page is the first page about an individual digital library collection that contains a short description about
the collection.
39
There are two types of Format Statements - General statement applicable in general to all and specific
statement applicable to specific classifier or search list. Specific statements, if present, would override the
general statements.
Let us examine some statements:
VList - applies to all vertical lists in all classifiers
Search VList - applies to all search result lists
CL2HList - applies to all hierarchy lists in classifier 2
The value of any metadata can be interpolated, by putting it in square brackets. e.g., [Title], in the format
statements.

86
 Click here to select
Click here to select
the feature
Format Features

Figure 5.17: Modifying the Format Features

If you want to change any format feature, select the appropriate one (e.g., CL1
AZList- metadata dc.Title) from the Choose Feature pull down list (Figure 5.17) and
add the format string to the Format Features by clicking on the Add Format button.
You can select any feature appropriate for changing the appearance of the digital
library.
Fresh users may find it difficult to learn the format features in the beginning stage.
But a little learning will enable you to manage the formatting easily.

The CL1 Browsing classifier40 for Title can be added as shown in Figure 5.18.

Figure 5.18: Adding CL1 Browsing Classifier for dc.Title

40
CL1 denotes the first browsing classifier dc.Title and CL2 denotes the second one dc.Creator and so on.

87
Similarly, select any other string from Choose Feature box and click Add Format
button for editing and customizing it, as displayed in the above screen. You can edit
the HTML strings under the Format Features box by selecting it and editing them in
the HTML Format String box appearing below.

You can add CL2 and CL3 classifiers for Creators and Subjects and keywords and
can make modifications, if you have reasonable knowledge of HTML.

Building the Collection

Let us go to the Create panel now (Figure 5.19). Click on the Build Collection
button and the progress bar will display the progress in building the collection.

Click here to build collection

Figure 5.19: Building a Collection
Preview the Collection
At the end of the building process, Click on the Preview Collection button to
view built up the collection (Figure 5.20). Then next screen appears as shown in
Figure 5.21 to navigate the collection by Title Classifier.

88
 Click here to view
the collection

Figure 5.20: Home Page of the Demo Collection

Figure 5.21: Browse the Collection by Title Classifier

Converting the Collection into a CD-ROM

You can export the collection/collections to a CD-ROM, in order to convert your
Greenstone application into an installable CD-ROM, for distribution among
wider constituency of audience.

Click on File Write CD/DVD image...... (Figure 5.22).

89
 Figure 5.22: Starting the Export Process

A pop-up window will appear as follows (Figure 5.23).

1

Give name
to the CD-
ROM

2 3

Put a tick mark to select Click here to export

the collection to export

Figure 5.23: Giving a Collection Name for CD-ROM

Provide a name for your CD-ROM, mark the check box pertaining to the
collection to be exported and click Write CD/DVD image button.

90
 Figure 5.24: Export Completed

After completing the export process, click Close button.

Then write the contents of the folder (C:\ProgramFiles\ Greenstone\
tmp\exported_Demo) into a blank CD-ROM for creating self-installing Windows
CD-ROM. Please remove the gsld.cfg file from the contents, before browsing the
contents into a CD-ROM, if the file is there in the contents.

91
Conclusion

The basic Greenstone Audio Library with normal look and feel can be created within
a few minutes. The digital library collection, created thus, can be customized later in
a variety of ways. The customization can be done, whenever you like, by opening the
collection, which can be done by clicking on the menu, File Open and selecting the
appropriate collection name in the GLI.
Greenstone is useful software to archive and retrieve digital audio files in our
community radio stations. For that the managers of community radio should learn a
little about the greenstone software and use them for managing audio documents.
Greenstone will help you manage your audio documents easily.

Further Readings

m Apache HTTP Server Documentation <http://httpd.apache.org/docs/>

m CDS/ISIS for Windows (WINISIS) English Documentation,

<www.unesco.org/isis/files/winisis/windows/doc/english/>

m GenISIS: DB publishing <http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php-

URL_ID=5331&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html >

m Greenstone Manuals <www.greenstone.org/manuals/gsdl2/>

m Greenstone Support for South Asia Documentation

<http://greenstonesupport.iimk.ac.in/documentation.htm>

m Talagala, D. (2003). Web Interface for CDS/ISIS GenIsisWeb version 3.0.0

<www.unesco.org/isis/files/winisis/genisis/web/genisisman.pdf>

92
 Annexure

Modifying a WINISIS Database

The WINISIS database once created can be modified, in case of emerging needs. The
method of modifying various components of WINISIS database is given below.
1. Adding or Removing a New Field in the Database
After creating a database, you may feel the need to add or remove fields in the
database at times. That can be done by modifying the Field Definition Table as
described below:
Adding a field
Open the database.
Choose Edit Field Definition Table from the drop down menu.
This will open up the Database Definition-Field Table window. The cursor will be
in the Tag box.
To add a field, type the Tag Number, press {tab}to move the cursor to the Name.
Then type the name of the Field, leave the next box as Alphanumeric and click the
check box, if the field needs to be repeatable, with provision to enter the data more
than once against the field.
Click on the Add button.
Then click the Ok button when you finish and Save it.
If you add a new field, that needs to be added to the Data Entry Worksheets, Print
Format and Field Selection Table for proper working of the modified database.
In Data Entry Worksheet and Field Selection Table, you can add a field easily
whereas in Print Format, you cannot add a field. Instead create a new Print Format,
delete the earlier one and rename the new one with the name of the earlier format.

93
Removing a Field from the Database
You can remove a field, by opening the Field Definition Table of the database,
selecting the Field and clicking on the Delete Entry button.
2. Modifying the Data Entry Worksheet
Select Edit Data Entry Worksheets.
The added field will be displayed on the Fields window on the left pane.
Double click on the new field and that field will be added to Data Entry Field box on
the right. Now your database will be ready to accept the data in the new field.
3. Modifying Field Selection Table
Open the database
Select Edit Field Selection Table
Choose the field from the drop down menu shown against the Tag/Name
Choose the Technique from the drop down menu
Click Add and Click Ok to save it
You can edit the Entries by double clicking on it and moving it on to the Format
box.
4. Creating a New Print Format
Select Edit Print Format
Select New
Give a new Name for print format
Click the Ok button to create a new print format
Then Print Format Assistant will be launched. Choose a format from among five
choices of print formats, click Ok and save it. In order to make it as default, delete
the earlier format and rename the new one with the name of the database.

94
5. Modifying the Print Format
Print format (.pft) determines the manner in which the database records are displayed. The
default Print format must have the same filename as the database. So in order to make
another print format as the default print format, change the file name as that of the database
name.
In Print format, fields are specified by using v in front of the tag. eg v10.
Text between single or double inverted commas will appear as it is, in the display. e.g.,
"Author:"
Slash (/) will start a new line.
In the Print format, you can use conditionals as follows:
IF v80='BOOK' THEN v10/v20/v30 ELSE IF v80='ARTICLE' THEN v20/v30/v40/v50. It
means if v80 is 'Book' print v10/v20/v30 or else if v80 is 'Article' print v20/v30/v40/v50
You can use the name of a print format fmt1.pft and fmt2.pft as follows:
IF v80='BOOK' THEN @fmt1 ELSE @ fmt2
If you provide a line Link (('Go to the website'), 'OPENFILE ' , v40) in Print format and
give the web address of the site (say www.kilaonline.org) in v40, a link will appear with the
words Go to the website. A click on the hyper link will take you to the website, if the
computer is connected to the internet.
If you provide a line Link (('Show a picture'), 'OPENFILE ', v40) in Print format and give
the path of the image file in v40, a link will appear with the words Show a picture. A click on
the link will open the image file. This feature has been made use of for creation of digital
archives, in this Manual.

6. Modifying the Data Elements in a Database

You can change the data in a range of records (e.g., mfn 200-350) or entirely in a database
by:
• Global Add- adding a piece of data in a field, in every record
• Global Delete- removes a piece of data from a field, in every record
• Global Replace- replaces selected text in a field, with another text

95
6.1 Global Add
Open Database
Select Utils Global Add
Enter the range of MFNs e.g., 10/350
Select the field tag using the spin box
Type the text in the box at the bottom so as to be added to the field.
Click Ok and then a progress window will come up

6.2 Global Delete

Open database
Select Utils Global Delete
Enter the range of MFNs e.g., 2/362
Select the field tag by clicking the spin box
Press Ok to see that the field will be deleted from every record selected

6.3 Global Replace

Open database
Select Utils Global replace
Enter the range of MFN e.g., 8/321
Enter the text in the Text to find
Enter new text in the New text box
Enter Tag number (You can specify one or more fields)
Click Ok to replace the text

7. Moving Data from One Field to Another by Export/Import Process

You can move data from one field to another, by using Export/Import, as follows. It
can be done by Export and Import of data with a Reformatting Field Selection
Table (FST). You need to create an FST for this purpose first and then to Export or
Import the database with that reformatting FST.

96
7.1 Creating a Reformatting FST
Reformatting FST is the Field Selection Table that enables to change the fields of
a database into a different set with new tags and field names.
Choose Edit Field Selection Table Select New button
Enter a name for FST e.g., CONV
Then the database definition-extraction tables will be opened.
Select the fields of the database from which you want to move the data to a new
one, Delete other fields and save it.
Edit the FST in such a way that the Destination Field Tags (e.g.100, 200) would
appear in the left and the field tag from where you move the data would appear in
the third row (12,13) as follows:
CONV.FST
100 0 V12
200 2 V13
Save the above FST and export and import the database using the above said
Reformatting FST.

7.2 Export and Import using the Reformatting FST

Choose Export under Database
Put the Reformatting FST in the Work folder
Put the name of the Reformatting FST in the Export dialogue box
Click OK to Export the database as .ISO file.
Then import the exported ISO file again as WINISIS database
The fields 12&13 would have changed to 100&200.

97
 Glossary of Terms

Apache: A free web server used to manage around 70 percent of the websites in
Internet.
CDS/ISIS: Computerized Documentation Service/ Integrated Set of Information
Systems.
Client/Server mode: A computer network model so popular in Internet where the
client- a web browser - places a request and the server - a web server - serves the
pages requested.
Home page: A page that acts like a front door to the content of a website.
HTTP: The short form for hyper text transfer protocol. It is a sort of language or set
of rules used to communicate between a server and browser.
IP Address: The address of a particular computer in a network which has a numerical
address ranging from 0 to 255. (e.g., http://100.0.0.60) containing four groups of
three digits.
Link: A highlighted word that has a connection to a target page and a click on the link
will open the target page.
MP3: A compressed sound file meant for easier electronic distribution and it
occupies only 10 percent of .wav sound files.
Protocol: A set of commands/rules that determine how two computers communicate
with each other. http, ftp, TCP/IP etc are common protocols used in internet.
Query: Any request for information from a database.
Query form: A submit form where you can type a query as in the homepage of a
website.
TCP/IP: The short form for Transfer Control Protocol and Internet Protocol. This
protocol governs the sending of data from one computer to another computer in
internet or a local network.

98
Web Browser: A software used for viewing WebPages. It is needed to display the
pages held in a web server. Internet explorer and Mozilla Firefox are the most
popular web servers.

Web Server: A computer in the internet / intranet that stores websites and serves the
documents stored in the computer on search requests made through a web browser.

Website: A location in the World Wide Web identified by a web address such as
www.kilaonline.org. Websites are stored in server computers loaded with web
servers.

WINISIS: CDS/ISIS for Windows.

***

99
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