Quarter 1 – Module 2

Disciplines of Counseling
 Every part of this module contains activities that will help you in developing your
cognitive, affective and psychomotor skills.

In this module, you are expected to:

1. discuss roles and functions of counselors (HUMSS_DIASS12-Ic-6)
2. identify specific work areas in which counselors work (HUMSS_DIASS12-Ic-7)
3. value rights, responsibilities, and accountabilities of counselors (HUMSS_DIASS12-Ic-9)
4. distinguish between ethical and unethical behaviors among counselors
(HUMSS_DIASS12-Ic-10)

LESSON PROPER

Directions: Tell what type of bullying is the image below. Discuss your answer.

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DISCUSSION
DISCIPLINES OF COUNSELING – the process of guiding the person during a stage of life when
reassessment or decisions have to be made about himself or herself and his or her life course.
Counseling – Nystu (2003) define counseling basically an art and science wherein you endeavor
to weigh the objective and subjective facets of the counseling process.

GOALS OF CONSELING
DEVELOPMENTAL GOALS PREVENTIVE GOALS ENHANCEMENT GOALS
Assist in meeting or advancing Helps the client avoid some Enhance special skills and
the client’s human growth and undesired outcome. abilities.
development including social,
personal, emotional, cognitive
and physical wellness.
Remedial Goals Exploratory Goals Psychological Goals
Assisting the client to overcome Examining options, testing of Aids in developing good social
and treat an undesirable skills, trying new and different interaction skills, learning
development. activities. emotional control, and
developing positive self-concept.
Reinforcement Goals Cognitive Goals Physiological Goals
Helps the client avoid some Involves acquiring the basic Involves acquiring the basic
undesired outcome foundation of learning and understanding and habits for
cognitive skills. good health.

Counseling Goals for Counselors

GOALS DESCRIPTION
Understanding the origins and development of
Insight emotional difficulties, leading to an increased
capacity to take rational control over feelings
and actions
Becoming better able to form and maintain
meaningful and satisfying relationships with
Relating with others other people: example within the family or
workplace.
Becoming more aware of thoughts and
feelings that had been blocked off or denied, or
Self-awareness developing a more accurate sense of how self
is perceived by others.
The development of a positive attitude toward
self, marked by an ability to acknowledge
Self-Acceptance areas of experience that had been the subject
of self-criticism and rejection.
Finding a solution to a specific problem that
Problem solving the client had not been enabling to serve
alone. Acquiring a general competence in
problem-solving.
 Enabling the client to acquire ideas and
Psychological Education techniques with which to understand and
control behavior.
Learning and mastering a social and inter
Acquisition of Social Skills personal skills such as maintenance of eye
contact, turn-taking in conversations,
assertiveness or anger control.
The modification or replacement of irrational
Cognitive Change beliefs or maladaptive thought patterns
associated with self-destructive patterns of
behavior.
The modification or replacement of
Behavior Change maladaptive or self-destructive patterns of
behavior.
Introducing change into the way in that social
Systematic Change systems operate
Working on skills, awareness, and knowledge
Empowerment that will enable the client to take control of his
or her own life.
Helping the client to make amends for previous
Restitution destructive behavior.
Inspiring in the person a desire and capacity to
Generativity care for others and pass on knowledge and to
contribute to the collective good through
political engagement and community work.

TYPES OF COUNSELING
INDIVIDUAL COUNSELING
Individual counseling is a personal opportunity to receive support and experience growth during
challenging times in life. Individual counseling can help one deal with many personal topics in life
such as anger, depression, anxiety, substance abuse, marriage and relationship challenges,
parenting problems, school difficulties, career changes etc.
COUPLES COUNSELING
Every couple experiences ups and downs in their levels of closeness and harmony over time. This
can range from basic concerns of stagnation to serious expressions of aggressive behavior.
Marriage counseling or couples counseling can help resolve conflicts and heal wounds. Overall,
couples counseling can help couples slow down their spiral and reestablish realistic expectations
and goals.
FAMILY COUNSELING
Family counseling is often sought due to a life change or stress negatively affecting one or all
areas of family closeness, family structure (rules and roles) or communication style. This mode of
counseling can take a variety of forms. Sometimes it is best to see an entire family together for
several sessions. Common issues addressed in family counseling are concerns around parenting,
sibling conflict, and loss of family members, new members entering the family, dealing with a
major move or a general change affecting the family system.
GROUP COUNSELING
Group counseling allows one to find out that they are not alone in their type of life challenge. To be
involved in a group of peers who are in a similar place not only increases one understands of the
struggles around the topic but also the variety in the possible solutions available. Typically, groups
have up to eight participants, one or two group leaders, and revolve around a common topic like:
anger management, self-esteem, divorce, and domestic violence, recovery from abuse and
trauma, and substance abuse and recovery.

Scope of Counseling
Individual Counseling

Adolescent identity, concerns, teen-parent relationships, peer relationships

Anxiety
Anger management
Children’s concerns within the family unit, sibling relationships, school experiences, peer
relationships
Depression
Family of origin dynamics and issues
Gender: identity, sexuality, homosexuality
Grief and bereavement
Relationships: personal and interpersonal dynamics
Sexual abuse recovery
Seniors: challenges, limitations, transitions
Singles: single, newly single, single through divorce or being widowed
Spirituality
Stress management
Workplace stress and relationships

Marital and Pre-marital Counseling

Marital and relational dynamics

Extended family relationships
Fertility issues

Family Counseling

Adolescent and child behaviors within family dynamics

Adult children
Divorce and separation issues and adjustment
Family dynamics: estrangement, conflict, communication
Family of origin / extended family issues
Life stages and transitions
Parenting patterns: blended, single, co-parenting families
Remarriage relationship counseling

I. Completion Test
A. Identification Test

_______________1. Professional guidance of the individual by utilizing psychological methods especially

in collecting case history data, using various techniques of the personal interview, and testing interests and
aptitude.
_______________2. is a process through which clients work one-on-one with a trained mental health
clinician in a safe, caring, and confidential environment.
_______________3. is a type of psychotherapy for a married couple or established partners that tries to
resolve problems in the relationship.
_______________4. is a branch of psychotherapy that works with families and couples in intimate
relationships to nurture change and development.
_______________5. Is the process of guiding the person during a stage of life when reassessment or
decisions have to be made about himself or herself and his or her life course
_______________6. Aids in developing good social interaction skills, learning emotional control, and
developing positive self-concept.
_______________7. Finding a solution to a specific problem that the client had not been enabling to serve
alone.
_______________8. Enabling the client to acquire ideas and techniques with which to understand and
control behavior.
_______________9. Helps client in recognizing that what they are thinking and doing is fine
_______________10. Learning and mastering a social and inter personal skills such as maintenance of
eye contact, turn-taking in conversations, assertiveness or anger control

B. Venn diagram
Directions: Using the Venn diagram, tell and compare the difference between coaching and
counseling.
Coaching Counseling

II. Essay
Directions: Answer the following questions below.

1. Discuss the Goals of Counseling.

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2 Differentiate family counseling and couples counseling.

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3. How important is counseling? What are benefits can we get in counseling? Discuss your
answer.

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POST-TEST
I. Enumeration
Directions: Enumerate the following items below.

A. Family Counseling B. Pre- marital counseling

1. ____________ 1. ______________
2. ____________ 2. ______________
3. ____________ 3. ______________
4. ____________ 4. ______________
5. ____________ 5. ______________

II. Identification
Directions: Identify the following items below.

_________1. Involves acquiring the basic understanding and habits for good health.
_________2. Helps the client avoid some undesired outcome.
_________3. Helps the client avoid some undesired outcome .

_________4. Assist in meeting or advancing the client’s human growth and development including
social, personal, emotional, cognitive and physical wellness.
_________5. Examining options, testing of skills, trying new and different activities.
 Quarter 1 – Module 3:
The Professionals and
Practitioners of Counseling
 Every part of this module contains activities that will help you in developing your
cognitive, affective and psychomotor skills.
In this module, you are expected to:

5. discuss roles and functions of counselors (HUMSS_DIASS12-Ic-6)

Mark a check ( ✓ ) if the statement corresponds to whether T (True) or F (False).

1. Counselling is a process and a relationship between the client and T F

the counsellor.

2. A guidance counsellor is someone who should be registered and

licensed by a legitimate state and has specialized training to be one.

3. One of the roles of the counsellor is to assist the client in realizing

change in behaviour and attitude

4. The guidance counsellor’s functions include the use of approaches

to help client develop potentials to the fullest.

5. A counsellor can have several roles.

6. Counselling is always long-term.

7. Counselling is something new and recent.
8. Your teacher cannot be your guidance counsellor.
9. Only people with mental and emotional problems need the help of
a counsellor.
10. A counselor administers a shorter range of services.
11. One of the foundational skills of a counsellor is his/her attending
and listening skills.
12. A counsellor needs to be able to resolve conflict.
13. A counsellor needs to be able to differentiate between symptoms
and the problem itself.
14. One of the key skills for a counsellor is reflective skills.
15. A counsellor should be able to facilitate going deeper into the
problem, asking more leading questions.
LESSON PROPER

In the previous chapter, you have developed a comprehensive definition of counselling as

an applied science. You understood the principles of counseling and the contexts involved in it.
We had clarified how the different factors contribute to the successful counseling, discussed the
core values of counseling and the principles and determined the life situations that are within
the goals and scope of professional counseling.

As previously discussed in the previous chapters, counseling is a process and relationship

between the client(s) and counselor. In this chapter, you will learn about the professionals and
the practitioners in the discipline of counseling.

(ACTIVITY 1)

Who do you think are the professionals and the practitioners in the discipline of counseling?
Write your answer in the space provided below. Share your answers with the class.
Defining the Roles, Functions and Competencies of Counselors

Roles of Guidance Counselors

Educator Advocate
Direct Care Supervisor

Program Prevention
Director Specialist

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In the Western world, counseling in schools began in the early twentieth century, focused mainly
on preparing students for the workforce. Throughout the 1920s and 1930s, guidance counselors
became more prevalent. In the beginning, many teachers doubled as guidance counselors;
however, this is no longer the case. In the 1960s, counseling in public schools was afforded more
funding, allowing the vocation to flourish. The profession expanded beyond the focus on academic
and career achievement.
Given that the youth are the future of every nation, the role of providing guidance at critical
moments of growth is a serious nation-building undertaking. Counseling is a process and a
relationship between the client(s) and counselor.

• The role of the guidance counselor is to assist the person or persons (clients) in realizing
change in behavior or attitude, to assist them to seek achievement of goals, assist them to
find help.
• In some cases, the role of counselors includes teaching social skills, effective
communication, spiritual guidance, decision-making and career choices.
• A counselor’s role may sometimes include aiding one in coping with a crisis such as
premarital and marital problems, grief and loss (divorce, death or amputation), domestic
violence and other types of abuse. Special counseling may include assistance in situations
like terminal illness (death and dying and counseling of emotionally and mentally disturbed
individuals.
• Counseling can be short-term or long-term.
Functions of Guidance Counselors

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• According to Philippine Republic Act No. 9258 (Section 2 to 3) a guidance counselor is a

natural person who has been professionally registered and licensed by a legitimate state
entity and by virtue of specialized training to perform the functions of guidance and
counseling.
• He or she must be a qualified and licensed guidance counselor at master's level. It is a
profession, not a field. This is the only profession whose primary purpose is counseling;
wellness and strength-based approach to treatment; wellness model rather than medical
model.
The functions of a guidance counselor include:

1. helping a client develop potentials to the fullest;

2. helping a client plan to utilize his or her potentials to the fullest;

3. helping a client plan his or her future in accordance with his or her abilities, interests, and
needs;

4. sharing and applying knowledge related to counseling such as counseling theories, tools and
techniques; and

5. administering a wide range of human development services.

Competencies of Counselors

• Seven (7) distinct competence areas of counselors. (McLeod, 2003)

1. Interpersonal Skills – counselors who are competent display ability to listen, communicate ;
empathize ; be present ; aware of nonverbal communication; sensitive to voice quality , responsive
to expressions of emotion, turn taking, structure of time and use of language .

2. Personal beliefs and Attitude- counselors have the capacity to accept others, belief in potential
of change, awareness of ethical and moral choices and sensitive to values held by client and self.
3. Conceptual ability – counselors have the ability to understand and assess client’s problem; to
anticipate future problems; make sense of immediate process in terms of wider conceptual scheme
to remember information about the client.

4. Personal Soundness – counselors must have no irrational beliefs that are destructive to
counseling relationships, self-confidence ,capacity to tolerate strong of uncomfortable feelings in
relation to the clients, secure personal boundaries, ability to be a client ; must carry no social
prejudice, ethnocentrism and authoritarianism.

5. Mastery of Techniques – counselors must have a knowledge of when and how to carry out
specific interventions, ability to assess effectiveness of the interventions, understanding the
rationale behind techniques, possession of wide repertoire of intervention

6. Ability to understand and work within social system – this would be compromise of awareness
of family and work relationships of client the impact of agency on the clients, the capacity to use
support networks and supervision ; sensitivity to client from different gender, ethnicity , sexual
orientation, or age group.
7. Openness to learning and inquiry – counselors must have the capacity to be curious about
client’s backgrounds and problems; being open to new knowledge

Other Competencies that Apply to the Broader Counseling Work

• Different authors have different themes. Here is a simpler way to remember them. Associate
the elements in the picture (e.g. things such as buildings, colors and others) to remember
each theory.

Stage 3: What 1. Attending Skills

do I have to do
to get what I 2. Reflective Skills
need or want?
3. Probing Skills

Stage 2: What
solutions make
sense for me?

Stage 1: What’s going on?

Egan’s Three-Stage Theory of Counseling Culley and Bond’s Foundation Skills

1. Communication Skills Four (4) Common Skills for

2. Motivational Skills Disciplines in

3. Problem-solving Skills Applied Social Sciences

4. Conflict Resolution Skills https://www.dreamstime.com

(free and royalty-free pictures)
Things to Remember:

The following are the key skills of a counselor:

1. Attending and listening skills – This refers to active listening which means listening with a purpose and
responding with awareness that the client feels he or she has been both heard and understood.

2. Reflective skills – The key skills are restating, paraphrasing and summarizing, capturing what the client
is saying and “playing” it back to them.

3. Probing skills – These skills facilitate going deeper, asking more directed or leading questions that they
move the conversation in a particular direction.

4. Communication skills – These include the ability to actively listen, demonstrate understanding, ask
appropriate questions and provide information as needed.

5. Motivational skills – This is to influence the client to take action after a helping session or consultation.

6. Problem-solving skills – These include differentiating between the symptoms and the problem itself.

7. Conflict resolution skills – These involve helping the client focus on facts rather than personalities.

Think-Pair-Share

What new learning did you develop about the professionals and practitioners in the discipline of
counseling? Pair up with a classmate. Take turns in sharing your insights. Record your discussion
by taking a video.

Test your knowledge.

In three sentences, give the difference between the roles and functions of counselors.
Pair up with a classmate and help each other perform the following tasks.

Goal: Your goal is to give a speech to a group of students.

Role: You will take the role of the guidance counselor.

Audience: A group of Senior High students

Situation: You need to outline your speech as if you were giving them an orientation as the new
guidance counselor of the school.

Standard: Your speech or talk should contain your role and function as the school guidance
counselor.

MULTIPLE CHOICE:

Choose the best answer to the following questions. Encircle the letter of your answer.

1. This is a process and a relationship between the client and the counsellor.
a. Counselling c. Counselor

b. Discipline d. Client

2. He or she is someone who should be registered and licensed by a legitimate state and has
specialized training to be one.

a. Counselling c. Counselor

b. Discipline d. Client
3. Realizing change in behaviour and attitude to assist the client is one of the roles of this
professional and/or practitioner.

a. Counselling c. Counselor
b. Discipline d. Client

4. His or her function as a professional includes the use of approaches to help client develop
potentials to the fullest.
a. Counselling c. Counselor

b. Discipline d. Client

5. He or she perform several roles and can have many functions.

a. Counselling c. Counselor

b. Discipline d. Client
6. This process and/or relationship can either be short-term or long-term.

a. Counselling c. Counselor
b. Discipline d. Client

7. This started in the Western World in the early twentieth century, focused mainly on preparing
students for the workforce.
a. Counselling c. Counselor

b. Discipline d. Client

8. Teachers have previously served as this person.

a. Counselling c. Counselor

b. Discipline d. Client

9. People with mental and emotional problems need the help also of this professional.
a. Counselling c. Counselor

b. Discipline d. Client

10. This practitioner administers a wide range of services human development services.
a. Counselling c. Counselor

b. Discipline d. Client

11. This is one of the foundational skills of a counsellor in which he or she employs active listening.
a. Attending Skills c. Motivational Skills

b. Communication Skills d. Problem-solving skills

12. This counsellor skills means helping the client focus on facts and not personalities in conflict.
a. Attending Skills c. Motivational Skills

b. Conflict resolution d. Problem-solving skills

13. This means a counsellor needs to be able to differentiate between symptoms and the problem
itself.

a. Attending Skills c. Motivational Skills

b. Communication Skills d. Problem-solving skills

14. This is a key skill for a counsellor which is concerned with being able to “capture” what the
client is saying and play it back to them.

a. Attending Skills c. Reflective Skills

b. Communication Skills d. Problem-solving skills

15. A counsellor should be able to facilitate going deeper into the problem, asking more leading
questions.
a. Attending Skills c. Motivational Skills

b. Communication Skills d. Probing skills

Go online and research some of the country’s most famous professionals and practitioners in the
discipline of counseling. Give at least two names and the details regarding their person and
profession.