READINGS IN THE PHILIPPINE HISTORY

(OUTCOME-BASED MODULE)

MODULE 2
ANALYZING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PRIMARY SOURCES
TO THE HISTORY OF THE FILIPINO PEOPLE

GENERAL OBJECTIVE:

This module emphasizes the importance of familiarizing oneself about the different kinds of
historical sources. The historian’s primary tool of understanding and interpreting the past is the historical
sources. Historical sources ascertain historical facts. Such facts are then analyzed and interpreted by the
historian to weave historical narrative.

Specifically, historians who study certain historical subjects and events need to make use of
various primary sources in order to weave the narrative. Primary sources as discussed are consist of
document, memoir, accounts, and other materials that were produced at the period of the event or
subject being studied.

A. FIRST VOYAGE AROUND THE WORLD (BY MAGELLAN AND ANTONIO PIGAFETTA)

OBJECTIVE:

The chronicle of Pigafetta was one of the most cited documents by historians who wished to
study the precolonial Philippines. As one of the earliest written accounts, Pigafetta was seen as a
credible source in the sixteenth century European perspectives.

ACTIVITY 1: Compare and Contrast

Instructions: Compare and contrast some of the observations of Pigafetta from your own observation
of today’s society.

Which specific information in Pigafetta's narrative helps you understand and apSpain and they build a
cross as a token of gratitude for accepting Christianity. Also in the first voyage, they were able to feast on
coconuts and bananas and enjoyed interactions with the people in the island.

For the rest of the nation magellan's arrival is really a path on the history of being a foreign subjugator
which begins upon the arrival in the philippines of magellan where the first meeting from the filipinos
give way to see the original culture and traditions of filipinos way back before and the Good hospitality
as a natural conduct and also the Pigafettas voyage wrote a brief language of the Butuanon and cebuano
that is still present today and also the history of magellan's journey helps us people to understand what
happened before the Spaniards and understand them better.

B. KARTILYA NG KATIPUNAN, EMILIO JACINTO

OBJECTIVE:

This section sheds light on Emilio Jacinto’s Kartilya ng Katipunan which enumerates the
guidelines that new members of the Katipunan have to follow. The Kartilya serves as the guide of the
Katipunan. It contains fourteen (14) “teachings” that the members were required to adhere to.

ACTIVITY 2: Kartilya ng Katipunan in the Modern World

Instructions: Read the provisions of the Kartilya ng Katipunan and through it, visualize the dynamics
of the Katipunan as an organization. Considering the present circumstances in the modern world, do you
think the provisions of the Kartilya ng Katipunan will help address some of the problems of Philippine
society? Cite examples and defend your answer.
the provisions of the Kartilya has 14 commandments to follow of the members and it was divided into a
two categories which is to make the member of the katipunan to be a good disciplined individual and the
other one was to make the member have an attitude on how to dealt treating good on other people. so
the provision of this Kartilya was to make a change in their time and want a change among the
maltreatment and abuse of the friars in their times. so the the lesson if this is that when you have a rules
or rules to obey is that the goals of the organization or any type of democracy will help us reach our goal,
to be good and have a secure path and it also makes our country benefit if we are a disciplined citizen
that follows rules

C. PROCLAMATION OF PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE (Acta de la Proclamación de la Independencia

del Pueblo Filipino)
OBJECTIVE:

This section focuses on the Act of the Declaration of Philippine Independence authorized by
Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista. It also mentions the different important aspects of the actual declaration
such as the national anthem and the waving of the national flag.

ACTIVITY 3: Fact Check

Instructions: The Philippine flag is embedded with different symbolisms. The following are the
features of the Philippine flag. On the space provided, write the meaning of each feature
or symbol.

1. White triangle
The white triangle represents equality and the katipunan nationalist organization.

2. Three stars
The three stars represents the three main geographical regions of the philippines the
luzon, Panay misinterpret as visayas and mindanao.

3. Eight rays of the sun

The eight rays represented the first eight provinces that courageously defied and
revolted against the spaniards. Manila, Cavite, Bulacan, Pampanga,Bataan, Batangas,
Laguna and Nueva Ecija.

4. Colors: Blue, Red and White

Blue stripe symbolizes the patriotism and justice
red also represents the valor and the blood split for freedom and independence and
white stands for purity

ACTIVITY 4: In or Out? The Ninth Ray Proposal

Instructions: In 2009, Senator Richard Gordon authored a senate bill proposing the addition
of the “ninth ray” in the Philippine flag. It has been known as the “Ninth Ray Bill” The
proposed ray will symbolize the Muslims who defended the country against the
Spaniards. Fellow senator, Chiz Escudero, supported the proposal. However, according to
historians, there were misconceptions on how the public understood the symbolisms
behind the “rays of the sun” as well as the “three stars” in the design of the Philippine
flag.

In light of the undying aspiration of Philippines being united under one flag, and
the relentless efforts of solving the secessionist issue in Muslim Mindanao and the
approved Bangsamoro Organic Law, what is your stand on the proposed ninth ray? In
case the proposal will be adopted, how will you design the new Philippine flag to
consider the points raised by the ninth Ray Bill?
 Readings:

● Remitio, R. (2018, June 13). Historians find error in adding 9th ray in PH Flag. CNN
Philippines. Retrieved from
http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2018/06/12/ninth-ray-philippine-flag.html

● Politiko.com.ph (2018, June 14). Lumaban rin sila: Chiz wants 9th ray in PH Flag to honor
Muslim heroes. Retrieved from
http://politics.com.ph/lumaban-rin-sila-chiz-wants-9th-ray-in-ph-flag-to-honor-muslim-h
eroes
Videos:
● ANC’s Beyond Politics (2018, June 12). Adding ninth ray of sun in PH flag would ‘destroy’
its historical context: Historian. ABS-CBN News. Retrieved from
https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/06/12/18
adding-ninth-ray-of-sun-in-ph-flag-would-destroy-its-historical-context-historian

● Senator Richard Gordon Facebook Page. (n.d.). Video presentation for the Ninth Ray Bill.
Retrieved from
https://www.facebook.com/senatorgordon/videos/the-ninth-ray/10155721222387831

Your Stand: In or Out?

I stand in Gordon adding ninth ray because he want to commemorate the bravery of muslims
that fighted back for us filipinos to gain independence over the colonization before just like our
heroes they deserved an outstanding reward on being able to be added in our philippine flag
which represents not just the country but the past and independence and blood that flows for
our country and people before.

Your Design of the Philippine Flag

D. PHILIPPINE CARTOONS: POLITICAL CARICATURES OF THE AMERICAN ERA (BY ALFRED McCOY)

OBJECTIVE:

Though the Philippines was in a better condition under the Americans compared to the
Spaniards, freedom was not immediately accorded to the Filipinos. Some Americans and Filipinos used
political cartoons to illustrate the changing mores and times under the American rule. The use of these
cartoons was a subtle way of expressing discontent with the American rule.
ACTIVITY 5: Time to Sketch

Instructions: Make your own caricature depicting any present political, economic, or socio-cultural
situation in the Philippines. Provide a short explanation for the symbolisms that you
used.

Caricature:

Explanation:
This caricature explains our Ecosystem due to the Man- made hazards where
we are now contaminated by pollutants in our country especially in the
oceans that has many plastic and is contaminated also by oil spills coming
from the factories that has poor waste management were the marine ocean is
destroyed and is dying and since philippines is an island nation, we greatly
depend on the seafood but we didnt take our intellectual capacity to think
that the environment and any natural resources are given free to us by nature
but we didnt even realize that it just want us to care and dont take nature for
granted.

E. CORAZON C. AQUINO’S SPEECH BEFORE THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS ON SEPTEMBER 18,
1986

OBJECTIVE:

President Corazon C. Aquino was invited to deliver a speech before the United States Congress
on September 18, 1986, in recognition of the peaceful EDSA revolution which ousted Marcos and paved
the way for Aquino to become the president.

ACTIVITY 6: Assessing the Importance of Primary Sources in Understanding the Grand Narrative of
Philippine History
Instructions: Give three (3) reasons why President Corazon C. Aquino’s Speech before the U.S.
Congress on September 18, 1986 is important to the grand narrative of Philippine
history.
1. The speech of Corazon wants us to realize and know the struggle of the Filipinos attaining
freedom from a dictatorship.
2. She also mentioned the debt that the Philippines have and that the economy of the Philippines
is on the brink of so much poverty for every Filipino .
3. she also stated the killing of his husband and that she struggle so much in pain yet she also has a
love in her country and the terror of martial law independence is a first step of gaining
independence but its leftover problems is the issue that needs to be addressed.