Task 1:

Click on the "Friction" icon and start exploring by using different masses
and changing the amount of friction. Check all white boxes on the upper
right corner of the simulation1. Then, answer the following questions
below.

● Discuss how static and kinetic frictional force is demonstrated in the

simulation above.

We applied 50 newton force to the right on the crate and noticed that the
crate does not move. We also notice that there is a frictional force to the
left that is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction. That is the Force of
Static Friction. The Force of Static Friction will match the force applied until
the object is set into motion. In other words, Static Friction matches
applied force until threshold is reached.
Now, we doubled the force. But then the crate remains stationary.
Therefore, the current Force of Static Friction would be 100 newtons to the
left. We have not yet reached the threshold.
Now, we go up to the threshold of 126 newtons. Which made the crate
accelerate. In other words, 126 newtons is that threshold the force at
which the crate accelerated. The net force is now at the right and the
speedometer is increasing over time. And now we are dealing with the
force of Kinetic Friction. We’re also switching to the coefficient of Kinetic
Friction when analyzing the scenario.
Now, we decreased the force applied and we decreased to match the
frictional force which occurs at 94 newtons. At 94 newtons, we notice that
the speed now remains constant. It means that the rightward force applied
is equal in magnitude in direction to the leftward force applied by the road
onto the crate. In other words, the Force of Static Friction is equal in
magnitude to the force applied.

- Static friction is the one present between two objects that are not
moving with respect to each other. Static Friction is the frictional
force that prevents an object from sliding. Based on the simulation
the static friction scales to be whatever it needs to be to keep the
object at rest.
- Kinetic friction is the friction present between two or more objects
that are in motion with respect to each other. The force of Kinetic
 Friction is that frictional force that opposes motion when the object is
sliding.

● What happens to your static frictional force when the mass becomes
heavier or lighter?

Static friction is friction that prevents motion from starting. The normal force
is directly proportional to this type of frictional force. As a result, the greater
the normal force and the greater the frictional force, the heavier the object.
This is because as the object's weight increases, it presses harder against
the surface, increasing the number of contact points between the object
and the surface.

Furthermore, the lighter the object, the lower the normal force and the
frictional force. Because as the weight of the object decreases, the lighter it
presses down on the surface, the number of contact points between the
object and the surface decreases. As a result, depending on the forces
acting on the object, the static frictional force will range from zero to the
maximum possible value, because the static frictional force is equal to the
applied force until the maximum is reached.

Task 2:

Below are sample standard word problems involving application of

Newton's laws of motion.

1. A box with mass 10.5 kg moves on a ramp that is inclined at an angle of

50.0∘ above the horizontal. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the
box and the ramp surface is μk = 0.310. Calculate the magnitude of the
acceleration of the box if you push on the box with a constant force F =
125.0 N that is parallel to the ramp surface and directed up the ramp,
moving the box up the ramp.
Forces Present:

1. Normal Force
2. Applied Force
3. Weight
4. Kinetic Friction

2. A 60.0-kg crate rests on a level floor at a shipping dock. The coefficients

of static and kinetic friction are 0.760 and 0.410, respectively. What
horizontal pushing force is required to just start the crate moving and slide
the crate across the dock at a constant speed? Note: Two FBDs will be
provided here. The first FBD is for the crate that is about to move and the
second FBD is for the crate that is already in motion at a constant speed.
Forces Present: Static Force, Kinetic Force, Normal Force, Applied
Force, Weight

Disregard the calculation part, your task is to (a) identify the forces acted
on the object (in bold) and (b) draw its FBD. For Part A, you will be graded
based on the correctly identified force. For each wrongly identified force, it
will be deducted from your correct ones. For Part B, you will be graded
based on the accuracy and completeness of your FBD with 5 points as
the maximum score and 0 point as the lowest score.

Task 3:

From the recently concluded Tokyo 2020 Olympics as of this writing,

identify at least four (4) action-reaction pairs. Just make sure that each one
represents a unique game. Each correct pair is worth 2 points.

1. Archery - There are action-reaction pairs in a bow and arrow. The

bowstring exerts a force on the bow whereas the arrow exerts a
force on the bow. The hand that is holding the bow will exert a force
on the bow, while the bow will exert a counterforce equivalent to the
hand.
 2. Swimming - A swimmer will move forward under the water with their
hands by pushing the water backward which is the action force that
results in the swimmer getting propelled forward which is the
reaction force.
3. Shooting - The recoil of a gun is an example of an action-reaction
pair. When the bullet is shot from a gun, the gun will give a force on
the bullet that will propel it forward. Afterward, the bullet exerts an
equal force on the rival from the backward direction.
4. Football - The force that the foot exerts on the ball is the action
force. On the other hand, the reaction force is the pressure the ball
places on the foot. This is due to the action force and reaction force
being of equal magnitude, meaning that no force is greater than the
other.

Task 4:

As you recall, your performance task for this course is to design and create
a Rube Goldberg machine. In order to help you later in the development of
your own machine, you must be able to understand the underlying physics
principles behind such a design. Below is a quality, relatively longer Rube
Goldberg machine2. Your task is to select three (3) time frames where each
law of motion is demonstrated and justify why such law is chosen. Your
justification should not be more than three sentences. You will be graded
based on the scoring rubric provided below.

1. 0:10 - Inertia: Newton’s first law of motion

Inertia: Newton’s first law of motion states that the tendency of matter is to
continue in its existing state of motion unless acted upon by an external
force. The dominoes were moving at a constant velocity of zero and had
zero acceleration up until the truck hit the dominoes which is the external
force which caused the first domino to fall and hit the others leading to a
domino effect.

2. 1:03 Acceleration: Newton’s second law of motion

Acceleration: Newton’s second law of motion states that if a net external

force acts on a body, the body accelerates. The direction of acceleration is
the same as the direction of the net force. The ball was acted upon by a
catapult from its state of rest. The catapult moved at an angle and so the
ball was also launched accelerating at an angle to hit the bucket.
 3. 3:15 Action-reaction: Newton’s third law of motion

Action-reaction: Newton’s third law of motion states that if two bodies

exert a force pair on each other, these forces have the same magnitude
but are in opposite directions. The first hammer hits the other hammers
which transfers the force along the other hammers and causes the last
hammer to move forward then fall back and causing the first hammer to
move again since the setup is similar to Newton’s cradle it displaces the
third law of motion.
Task 5:

Answer the questions below and state if the question is an example of

Newton’s first, second, or third law of motion.

1. A rocket fired from its launching pad not only picks up speed, but its
acceleration increases significantly as firing continues. Why is this so?
(hint: 90% of the mass and weight of a newly launched rocket is fuel)

- Newton’s Second Law of Motion: Law of Acceleration

As the rocket uses up the fuel its mass decreases while it picks up speed,
that’s because of the indirect relationship between mass and acceleration.
The rocket only had acceleration after the fuel had been consumed
because its initial mass is lesser than its original mass.

2. Why do space probes continuously move in outer space?

- Newton’s First Law of Motion: Law of Inertia

As stated in Newton’s first law of motion, an object will remain at rest or in

uniform motion in a straight line unless it acted upon an external force.
Since there are no forces acting upon the space probe, it will continue to
move in a straight line with constant speed as there are no forces acting
upon it.

3. Suppose you are standing on a skateboard and shoot a paintball gun at

your friend. Which direction relative to your friend will you move?

- Newton’s Third Law of Motion: Law of Interaction

Newton’s Third Law of Motion states that for every action there is an equal
and opposite reaction. The paintball bullet will be accelerated toward my
friend as a result of the force exerted by the pistol. However, the bullet will
exert an equivalent force on the paintball gun, causing it to recoil. The
skateboard will be subjected to the same force as the paintball gun,
causing me to go in the opposite direction as my friend.

You will be graded based on the scoring rubric provided below. An

additional one (1) pt. will be given for each correctly identified law of
motion involved.