Subject pronouns:

I Yo Primera persona
singular (emisor)
You Tú Segunda persona
singular (receptor)
He Él Tercera persona
She Ella singular
It Eso (otras personas)
We Nosotros Primera persona plural
(emisores)
You Ustedes Segunda persona
plural (receptores)
They Ellos / Ellas Tercera persona plural
(otras personas)

To be verb:

Forma de be Significa
Be Ser, estar, existir
Dependiendo del sujeto con el que venga acompañado Be también puede
ser:
Am Soy, estoy
Is Es, está
Are Eres, estás, somos, estamos, son, están.

To be present:

Subject + Verb be + Complement

I + Am + A bit tired
You + Are + Late for work
He + Is + Very tall
She + Is + An english teacher
It + Is + My laptop
We + Are + Both students at our school
You + Are + Just like me when i was younger
They + Are + Interested in soccer
Subject + Verb be + Not + Complement
I + Am + Not + Interested in any sports
You + Are + Not + The worst writer
He + Is + Not + From beijing
She + Is + Not + At the café
It + Is + Not + My favorite movie
We + Are + Not + In the same class
You + Are + Not + In ollie's class
They + Are + Not + Tired after so much work

Verb be + Subject + Complement

Am + I + Late again?
Are + You + Ok?
Is + He + Still at the movies
Is + She + A friend of yours?
Is + It + Your journal?
Are + We + Getting back home?
Are + You + At 8;30 last night?
Are + They + Olympic athletes?

Occupations
1. A teacher
2. A student
3. An architect
4. An actor
5. An actress
6. A waiter
7. A weitress
8. An athlete
9. A musician
10. An artist
11. A banker
12. A Singer
13. A flight attendant
14. An accountant
15. A bank taller
16. A dentist
17. An electrician
18. A florist
19. A gardener
20. A grocery Clerk
 21. A hairdresser
22. A mechanic
23. A pharmacist
24. A professor
25. A reporter
26. A salesperson
27. A travel agent
28. A secretary
29. A waiter
30. A nurse
31. A lawyer
32. A chef
33. A writer
34. A manager
35. A scientist
36. A doctor
37. An engineer
38. A photographer
39. A pilot
40. A psychologist

Articles for singular nouns

An Use "An" before vowels
A use "a" before consonants

Now try to make 8 sentences using to be present and occupations:

 To be past verb :

Forma de be Significa
Be Ser, estar, existir
Dependiendo del sujeto con el que venga acompañado Be también puede
ser:
Was Era, estaba, fui, fue
Eras, estabas, fuiste, eramos,
Were estábamos, fuimos, fueron, estaban,
eran

Present continuous / ing spelling rules

The following is a guide to the correct spelling of –ing forms of verbs and gerunds.
La regla general cuando cambiamos un verbo en una forma de -ing es solo agregar
-ing al final del verbo

Infinitive ING form

to feel Feeling
to go Going
to work Working
to sleep Sleeping

• She wasn't feeling very well.

• He is working on a new project.
• The children are sleeping so be quiet.

Spelling exceptions
The following exceptions exist when spelling words ending in ING:
1). Si el verbo termia en E,
quitamos la E y agregamos ING

Infinitive ING form

to live Living
to have Having
to make Making
to take Taking
To leave Leaving

• People are living longer now than they were 100 years ago.
• We are making a chocolate cake.
• He was taking his time to get ready.
• I’m living my life

2). If the verb ends in a consonant + vowel + consonant, we double the final consonant
and add ING.
Si el verbo termina en consonante + vocal ‘ + consonante, duplicamos la consonante
final y agregamos -ing

Infinitive ING form

to stop Stopping
to sit Sitting
to plan Planning
to get Getting
to swim Swimming

• The policeman is stopping the traffic.

• We are planning a surprise party for our teacher.
• I think I am getting a cold.
• Melissa and Louis are swimming

3). If a two-syllable verb ends in a consonant + vowel + consonant, we do not double the
final consonant when the stress is on the first syllable.
Si un verbo de dos sílabas termina en consonante + vocal + consonante, NO duplicamos
La consonante final cuando el énfasis está en la primera sílaba

Infinitive ING form

to happen happening
to enter Entering
to offer Offering
to suffer Suffering

• What is happening?
• They are offering a discount.
 • Many people are suffering from a lack of food and water.

4). But, we do not double the final consonant when the verb ends
in W, X or Y or when the final syllable is not emphasized.
TAMPOCO duplicamos la consonante final cuando el verbo termina en:
“W”, “X”, o “vocal + Y” o cuando la silaba final no está enfatizada

Infinitive ING form

to fix Fixing
to enjoy Enjoying
to snow Snowing

• He is fixing his bike.

• We are enjoying this great weather.
• It's snowing outside.

5). If the verb ends in IE we change it to YING.

Si el verbo termina en IE lo cambiamos a YING

Infinitive ING form

to lie Lying
to die Dying
to tie Tying

• I know you are lying to me!

• You should water your plant more because I think it is dying.
• The little boy is tying his shoelaces.

6). If the verb ends in consonant + vowel + L, we normally double the final L and add ING.
Note: In the United States (US) they do not double the L when the accent is on the
first syllable.

ING form ING form

Infinitive
(UK) (US)

to travel Travelling traveling

to marvel marvelling marveling

• I have been travelling around South America for 6 months.

 • He was marvelling at her beauty.

6). If the verb ends in a stressed vowel + R, we double the final R and add ING.
Si el verbo termina en una vocal enfatizada +R, duplicamos

Infinitive ING form

Refer Referring
Defer Deferring

• Are you referring to this one or that one?

• They are thinking of deferring payment of their mortgage.

8). If the verb ends in an unstressed vowel + R, we do not double the final R and add ING.

Infinitive ING form

to offer Offering
to suffer Suffering
to whisper whispering

• I am offering you a special deal.

• He is now suffering the consequences of his actions.
• I wonder what he is whispering in her ear.

To be present:

Subject + Verb be + Gerund + Complement

verb
I + Am + Offering + you a special deal.
You + Are + travelling + To New York
He + Is + suffering + the consequences of his actions
She + Is + whispering + Something in her ear
It + Is + making + A funny sound
We + Are + Fixing + Our car
You + Are + Cutting + Paper
They + Are + watering + The plants
Subjec + Verb + Not + Gerund verb + Complement
t be
I + Am + Not + destroying + The enviroment
You + Are + Not + putting + the least effort into working
He + Is + Not + doing + His part
She + Is + Not + Taking care + Of her health
It + Is + Not + snowing + Today
We + Are + Not + trying + To impress you
You + Are + Not + interrumping + the class
They + Are + Not + feeling + tired after so much exercise

Verb be + Subject + Gerund verb + Complement

Am + I + arriving + Late again?
Are + You + feeling + Ok?
Is + He + watching + Movies?
Is + She + cooking + Lasagna?
Is + It + getting + Angry?
Are + We + behaving + Bad?
Are + You + trying + To hurt Mr. Richard?
Are + They + Thiking of + Me as a friend?

Now try to make 8 sentences using to be present and occupations:

• To be past:

Subject + Past + Complement

Verb be
I + Was + A bit tired
You + Were + Late for work
He + Was + Very tal
She + Was + An english teacher
It + Was + My laptop
We + Were + Both students at our school
You + Were + Just like me when i was younger
They + Were + Interested in soccer
•

Subject + Verb be + Not + Complement

I + Was + Not + Interested in any sports
You + Were + Not + The worst writer
He + Was + Not + From beijing
She + Was + Not + At the café
It + Was + Not + My favorite movie
We + Were + Not + In the same class
You + Were + Not + In ollie's class
They + Were + Not + Tired after so much work
•

Verb be + Subject + Complement

Was + I + Late again?
Were + You + Ok?
Was + He + Still at the movies
Was + She + A friend of yours?
Was + It + Your journal?
Were + We + Getting back home?
Were + You + At 8;30 last night?
Were + They + Olympic athletes?
•
• Now try to make 8 sentences:
Simple present

• Regular spelling Singular The third person

singular

General rule I work She works

add -s in most cases

You drive He drives

We Play she plays

They Run he runs

Exception 1 -o I do she does

Add -es when a verbs ends with:

-ss YOU miss he misses

-x WE Mix she mixes

-ch THEY Catch HE catches

-sh I push SHE pushes

Exception 2 -ies I cry he cries

When the verb ends with a consonant + y replace “y”

with “I” and add -es THEY Fly she flies

Exception 3 -s We Buy He buys

When the verb ends with a vowel + -y add -s

They Say She says

You Obey He obeys

 Simple present
I, We, You and They
Do
(+) subject + verb + complement
(-) subject + auxiliar+ not+ verb + complement
(?) Auxiliar + subject+ verb + complement + ? (yes / no question)
(?) question Word+ Auxiliar + subject+ verb + complement + ? (information question)

Simple present Translation Translation To be present /

present continuous
I watch Tv Yo veo televisión Yo estoy viendo I am watching TV
television
You wear uniform Tu usas uniforme Tu estás usando You are wearing
uniforme uniform
We eat lunch Nosotros comemos Nosotros estamos We are eating lunch
comiendo
They study French Ellos estudian frances Ellas estan They are studying
estudiando frances French
Simple present Translation Translation To be present /
present continuous
I Do not watch Tv Yo no veo televisión Yo no estoy viendo I am not watching
television TV
You don’t wear Tu no usas uniforme Tu no estás usando You aren’t wearing
uniform uniforme uniform
We do not eat lunch Nosotros no Nosotros no estamos We aren’t eating
comemos la comida comiendo la comida lunch
They don’t study Ellos no estudian Ellas no estan They are not studying
French frances estudiando frances French
Simple present Translation Translation To be present /
present continuous
Do I watch Tv? ¿Yo veo television? ¿Yo estoy viendo Am I watching TV?
Why do I watch tv? ¿Por qué veo televisión? Why am I watching
television? ¿Por qué estoy tv?
viendo televisión?
Do You wear ¿Usas uniforme? ¿estás usando Are You wearing
uniform? ¿Cuándo usas uniforme? uniform?
When do you wear uniforme? ¿Por qué estás Why are you wearing
uniform? usando uniforme? uniform?
Do We play ¿jugamos ¿Estamos jugando Are we playing
basketball? basketball? basketball? basketball?
Where do we play ¿Dónde jugamos ¿Dónde juaremos When are we
basketball? basketball? basketball? playing basketball?
 Do They study ¿Ellos estudian ¿Ellas estan Are They studying
French? frances? estudiando francés? French?
How do they study ¿Cómo estudian ¿Cómo están ¿How Are They
French? frances? estudiando francés? studying French?

He, She & It

Does
(+) subject + verb + complement (the verb changes in this case because of the lack of
auxiliar)
(-) subject + auxiliar+ not+ verb + complement
(?) Auxiliar + subject+ verb + complement + ? (yes / no question)
(?) question Word+ Auxiliar + subject+ verb + complement + ? (information question)

Simple present translation translation To be present

She sleeps at night Ella duerme en la Ella está durmiendo She is sleeping at
noche por las noches nights
He swims in the pool El nada en la piscina El está nadando en He is swimming in the
la piscina pool
It changes every day Cambia todos los Esta cambiando It is changing every
días todos los días day
Simple present translation translation To be present
She DOESN’T sleep at Ella no duerme en la Ella no está She isn’t sleeping at
night noche durmiendo por las nights
noches
He doesn’t swim in El no nada en la El no está nadando He isn’t swimming in
the pool piscina en la piscina the pool
It doesn’t change No Cambia todos los No Esta cambiando It isn’t changing
every day días todos los días every day
Simple present translation translation To be present
Does She sleep at ¿Ella duerme en la ¿Ella está durmiendo Is She sleeping at
night? noche? por las noches? nights?
Where does she ¿Dónde duerme en ¿Dónde está Where is she sleeping
sleep at night? la noche? durmiendo por las at nights?
noches?
Does He swim in the ¿El nada en la ¿Él está nadando en Is He swimming in the
pool? piscina? la piscina? pool?
How often does he ¿Qué tan seguido ¿Por qué está Why is he swimming
swim in the pool? nada en la piscina? nadando en la in the pool?
piscina?
Does It change every ¿Cambia todos los ¿Esta cambiando Is It changing every
day? días? todos los días? day?
 What does it change ¿qué cambia todos ¿Qué está What is it changing
every day? los días? cambiando todos los every day?
días?

simple past
Rules
Go over the spelling rules and examples with your students. See if your students can think of
other examples for each rule.
Rule #1
If a verb ends in -e, add -d.
like → liked
arrive → arrived
decide → decided

Rule #2
If a verb ends in consonant + -y, change -y to -i and add -ed.
carry → carried
try → tried
study → studied

Rule #3
If a verb ends in vowel + -y, add -ed.*
play → played
stay → stayed
enjoy → enjoyed
Rule #4
If a verb ends in a consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) pattern, double the final consonant
and add -ed.**
hug → hugged
plan → planned
stop → stopped
Rule #5
For all other verbs, add -ed.
watch → watched
ask → asked
clean → cleaned
Practice
Write the following words on the board or print out the worksheet if you’re a subscriber. Have
students write the past tense form for each of the following verbs.

present verb past verbs

1. cry
2. decide
3. walk
4. sob
5. enjoy
6. wash
7. hurry
8. refer
9. clean
10. free
11. pour
12. check
13. visit
14. dye
15. smile
16. bake
17. admit
18. love
19. pray
20. listen
Subject + Past + Complement
Verb
I + desinged + This process
You + Fryed + Chiken for dinner
He + ruined + Our plan
She + Liked + The red shoes
It + made + Me happy
We + Got + Bored at home
You + Ran + On the track
They + Guessed + The correct Word

Subjec + auxiliary + Not + Base form of + Complement

t the verb
I + Did + Not + Agree + To accept the terms
You + Did + Not + Quit + Your job
He + Did + Not + Sit + All day
She + Did + Not + watch + the aligators in the zoo
It + Did + Not + rained + As the forecast said
We + Did + Not + spend + All day watching movies
You + Did + Not + laugh + At you
They + Did + Not + cancel + Their appointment

Verb be + Subject + Base form of + Complement

the verb
Did + I + look + Nice in that suit?
Did + You + Have + To pay 1000 dollars for it?
Did + He + understand + The assignment?
Did + She + Look for + Her keys?
Did + It + land + Safely?
Did + We + park + in a space for the disabled?
Did + You + steal + You mom’s car?
Did + They + know + About the party?
Now try to make 8 sentences:
 Possessive nouns and adjectives:
SUBJECT PRONOUNS POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
I MY
YOU YOUR
HE HIS
SHE HER
WE OUR
THEY THEIR

Possessive nouns Possessive adjectives

Al Smith is Kate’s boss He is her boss
Larry’s colleague is Teresa Teresa is his colleague
We are Sara and Todd’s neighbors We are their neighbors
I am Ms. Tan’s student She is my teacher
We are Marty’s classmates Marty is our classmate

Relationships:
1. A classmate
2. A friend
3. A neighbor
4. A boss
5. A colleague
6. A supervisor
7. An employee
8. A teammate
Circle the correct word or words to complete each sentence
 Locations:
1. A pharmacy
2. A restaurant
3. A bank
4. A school
5. A newsstand
6. A bookstore
7. A clothing store
8. An Electronics store
9. A fire station
10. A police station
11. A shoe store
12. A toy store
13. A video store
14. A dry cleaners
15. A gas station
16. A hotel
17. A supermarket
18. A convenience store
19. A travel agency
 20. A post office
21. A taxi stand

prepositions of place: ON, IN & AT

In general, we use:

• at for a POINT
• in for an ENCLOSED SPACE
• on for a SURFACE

at in on
POINT ENCLOSED SPACE SURFACE

at the corner in the garden on the wall

at the bus stop in London on the ceiling

at the door in France on the door

at the top of the page in a box on the cover

at the end of the road in my pocket on the floor

at the entrance in my wallet on the carpet

at the crossroads in a building on the menu

at the front desk in a car on a page

Look at these examples:

• Jane is waiting for you at the bus stop.

• The shop is at the end of the street.
• My plane stopped at Dubai and Hanoi and arrived in Bangkok two hours late.
• When will you arrive at the office?
• Do you work in an office?
• I have a meeting in New York.
• Do you live in Japan?
• Jupiter is in the Solar System.
• The author's name is on the cover of the book.
• There are no prices on this menu.
• You are standing on my foot.
• There was a "no smoking" sign on the wall.
• I live on the 7th floor at 21 Oxford Street in London.

Notice the use of the prepositions of place at, in and on in these standard expressions:

At in on

at home in a car on a bus

at work in a taxi on a train

at school in a helicopter on a plane

at university in a boat on a ship

at college in a lift (elevator) on a bicycle, on a motorbike

at the top in the newspaper on a horse, on an elephant

At in on

at the bottom in the sky on the radio, on television

at the side in a row on the left, on the right

at reception on the way

Family

my relatives relationship to I usually call

me

male female him... her...

parent
father mother Father, Mother, Mummy,
relative of whom
Daddy, Dad, Mum, Mommy,
I am the child
Papa Mom, Mama, Ma

sibling we have the first name; first name;

same father and sometimes Bro sometimes Sis
mother
brother sister

uncle aunt sibling of my Uncle [first Aunt/Auntie [first

parent name] name]

grandparent parent of my Grandfather, Grandmother,

parent Grandpa Grandma

grand- grand-
father mother

cousin child of my uncle first name

or aunt

spouse relative to whom first name

I am married

husband wife

child relative of whom first name

I am the parent

son daughter
nephew niece child of my first name
sibling

grandchild child of my child first name

grandson grand-
daughter

great great parent of my Great Great Grandma

grand- grand- grandparent Grandpa
father mother

father-in- mother in- parent of my first name; first name; Mum,

law law spouse Dad Mom

brother- sister in- sibling of my first name

in-law law spouse; spouse
of my sibling

son-in- daughter- spouse of my first name

law in-law daughter/son

ex- ex-wife my previous first name

husband spouse (we
divorced)

half- half-sister my sibling born first name

brother to my father or
 mother but not
both

step-parent new spouse of first name

one of my
parents
step- step-
father mother

step-child child of my first name

spouse but not of
me
step-son step-
daughter

Adjectives
1. good
2. new
3. first
4. last
 5. long
6. great
7. little
8. own
9. other
10. old
11. right
12. big
13. high
14. different
15. small
16. large
17. next
18. early
19. young
20. important
21. few
22. public
23. bad
24. same
25. able

Circle the correct Word to complete each sentence

 Time

In on at

Months: in January / Days of the week: on Clock times: at

in April Monday 7.30 a.m. / at 5
Seasons: in spring / Days + parts of days: o’clock
in winter on Tuesday afternoon Festivals: at
Years: in 1984 / in / on Saturday Christmas / at
2015 mornings Easter
Centuries: in the Dates: on November Exceptions: at
20th century 22nd night / at the
Times of day: in the Special days: on my weekend
morning / in the birthday / on New
evening Year’s Eve
Longer periods of
time: in the past / in
the 1990s / in the
holidays

Events
1. a party
2. a dance
3. a game
4. a dinner
5. a movie
6. a concert
7. an exhibition
8. an opera
9. a ballet
10. a football game
11. A volleyball game
12. A baseball game
13. A play
14. A speech
15. A meeting

Complete the sentences using the verb be or prepositions of time