Unit

3 Algebra 1

Scatter plots &

Trend Lines
Intro to Scatter Plots & Trend Lines
Linear Regressions
Correlation Coefficients

Lessons 12 – 14
Tutorial Videos on YouTube
at Mandy’s Math World

Notes • Assignments
Tutorial Videos 2
m
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Notes: Scatter plots & Trend Lines

An Introduction to Scatter Plots
Day 1
Displaying Data
Displaying data visually can help you see relationships between variables.

A _______________________ ___________________ is a special type of graph

that has points plotted to show the relationship between two sets of data.

Here is an example of data collected from a local snow cone shop. The owner kept
track of the total sales and the temperature at 4:00 pm for 11 consecutive days.
Snow Cone Sales vs Temperature
Temperature at Snow Cone
4:00 (ºF) Sales ($)
95º $650
102º $680
100º $655
105º $725
96º $625
92º $600
85º $550
88º $555
92º $575
98º $600
100º $705

Now, here is the same data placed in a scatter plot.

Snow Cone Sales vs Temperature

750

700
Total Sales ($)

650

600

550

70 80 90 100 110
Temperature at 4:00 pm

In the graph, it is apparent that as the temperature increases, the sales increase as
well; however, this does not show a perfect linear relationship. We only see a
_________________________.
Trend Lines (Line of Best Fit)
A ________________________ describes the relationship between two data sets.

Once points are plotted in the scatter plot, a graph may show this correlation. We
use these correlations to examine trends and make _________________________.

There are three types of correlations:

Positive Negative No
Correlation Correlation Correlation

Both sets of data As one set of data No relationship

increase increases, the other between the data sets
decreases

Let’s look at the snow cone sales again. The trend shows a positive correlation.
Because of this, we can draw a ____________ of best fit, or ______________ line,
through the data points. This line of best fit typically has as many points above it
as below it and goes through the center of the data.
Snow Cone Sales vs Temperature

750

700
Total Sales ($)

650

600

550

70 80 90 100 110
Temperature at 4:00 pm

We can use this trend line to make predictions.

Using Trend Lines to Make Predictions
We can use this line of best fit to make predictions. For example, tomorrow, the
temperature around 4:00 pm should be 103º. How much can the Snow Cone Shop
expect to make?
Snow Cone Sales vs Temperature

750
$693
700

Total Sales ($) 650

600

550

70 80 90 100 110
Temperature at 4:00 pm 103º

We use interpolation when we make predictions based on values

Interpolation inside our data points. Our temperatures range from 85º to 105º.
We are interpolating if we make predictions based on any
temperature between these two temperatures.

What if we want to make a prediction based on values that are outside the data we
collected? For example, the day after tomorrow, the temperature around 4:00 pm
should be 110º. How much can the Snow Cone Shop expect to make?

Snow Cone Sales vs Temperature

$756
750

700
Total Sales ($)

650

600

550

70 80 90 100 110
Temperature at 4:00 pm 110º

We use extrapolation when we make predictions based on values

Extrapolation oustide our data points. Our temperatures range from 85º to 105º.
We are extrapolating if we make predictions based on any
temperature higher than 105º or lower than 85º.
Name:____________________________________________ Date:________________Period:_________

A.__ Scatter Plots & Trend Lines

An Introduction to Scatter Plots
Day 1
Given the graphs below. Label the type of correlation – positive, negative, or no correlation.

1. 2. 3.

______________ ______________ ______________

MULTI-STEP. Graph the data in the table on the coordinate plane provided. Identify the
type of correlation, then draw a line of best fit. Answer the questions that follow.

4. Systolic blood pressure was measured for 13 individuals of different ages. The data is
represented in the table below. a) Plot all 13 points on the graph provided.
Age vs Blood Pressure Age vs Blood Pressure
Blood
Age Pressure
39 144 180
Systolic Blood Pressure

47 190
45 138
160
47 145
65 162
46 142 140
67 170
42 124 120
67 158
56 154 100
48 130
17 114 20 30 40 50 60 70
20 116 Age

b) What type of correlation, if any, e) Is this an example of extrapolation or

exists in the data? interpolation?

f) Using your line of best fit, predict the

c) Draw a general trend line on the
systolic blood pressure for someone who
graph.
is 75 years old.
d) Using your line of best fit, predict the
systolic blood pressure for someone who g) Is this an example of extrapolation or
is 50 years old. interpolation?
Name:____________________________________________ Date:________________Period:_________

Notes: Scatter plots & Trend Lines

Linear Regression
Day 2
Linear Regression on the Calculator
We use Linear Regressions to help us make _______________________. We can use
various models, but today, we will focus on situations that involve a LINEAR model.
ENTER THE DATA:
To Perform a ✓ Click on the STAT button
Linear Regression ✓ Enter your x-values into L1 (List 1)
✓ Enter your y-values into L2 (List 2)
on your TI-83/84
CALCULATE THE LINEAR REGRESSION:
Calculator: ✓ Click on the STAT button
✓ Click on the right arrow to CALC
✓ Scroll down to 4 (LINREG ax+b) and press
ENTER
TURN ON DIAGNOSTICS:
Turn on Diagnostics ✓ Click on MODE
✓ Scroll down to STATDIAGNOSTICS and
We will use this when we talk highlight “on.”
about correlation coefficients!
Calculate the line of best fit for each situation. Round all numbers to the nearest
hundredth. Then answer the questions that follow.

1. The data in the table shows the monthly advertising expenses vs online sales for a local
boutique over a 12-month period.
The linear regression will serve as a model that BEST represents the data. We can use this
model to INTERPOLATE and EXTRAPOLATE information.
Monthly Online a) What is the equation in slope-intercept form for the line of
Expenses Sales ($) best fit?
$25 $1,511
$75 $3,002
$110 $3,892
b) Using the linear regression, predict the monthly online
$80 $3,395
$30 $1,927
sales if the company were to spend $250 on advertising.
$68 $3,021
$72 $3,406
$150 $4,562
$120 $4,327 c) Is this an example of interpolation or extrapolation?
$60 $2,800
$45 $2,125
$55 $2,347
d) What is the value of r? _____________
Name:____________________________________________ Date:________________Period:_________

Notes: Scatter plots & Trend Lines

Linear Regression
Day 2
Linear Regression on DESMOS
We use Linear Regressions to help us make _______________________. We can
use various models, but today, we will focus on situations that involve a LINEAR
model.
ENTER THE DATA:
✓ Click the + (add item) and click table
To Perform a Linear ✓ Enter your x-values into x
1
Regression on the ✓ Enter your y-values into y1
online DESMOS
GRAPHING CALCULATE THE LINEAR REGRESSION:
✓ Click the + (add item) and click expression
application: ✓ Type in the following expression, copying
and pasting x1 & y1 from the table into the
www.desmos.com expression:

Calculate the line of best fit for each situation. Round all numbers to the nearest
hundredth. Then answer the questions that follow.

1. The data in the table shows the monthly advertising expenses vs online sales for a local
boutique over a 12-month period.
The linear regression will serve as a model that BEST represents the data. We can use this
model to INTERPOLATE and EXTRAPOLATE information.
Monthly Online a) What is the equation in slope-intercept form for the line of
Expenses Sales ($) best fit?
$25 $1,511
$75 $3,002
$110 $3,892
b) Using the linear regression, predict the monthly online
$80 $3,395
$30 $1,927
sales if the company were to spend $250 on advertising.
$68 $3,021
$72 $3,406
$150 $4,562
$120 $4,327 c) Is this an example of interpolation or extrapolation?
$60 $2,800
$45 $2,125
$55 $2,347 d) What is the value of r? _____________ We will use this
when we talk about correlation coefficients!
2. The data in the table shows the value of a car over a period of time.

Year 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Value $52,000 $44,000 $40,000 $37,000 $34,000 $31,250 $27,500 $24,300

a) What is the equation in slope-intercept form for the line of best fit?

b) If the trend continues, predict the value of the car in 2025.

c) Is this an example of interpolation or extrapolation?

d) What is the value of r? _____________

3. The data in the table shows the value of a 5-acre plot of land over a 20-year period.

a) What is the equation in slope-intercept form for the

Value of
Year line of best fit?
Land
2000 $15,000
2002 $20,000
2004 $22,000
2006 $30,000
b) Using the linear regression, what was the
2008 $34,000
land worth in 2015?
2010 $36,000
2012 $40,000
2014 $45,000
2016 $51,000
2018 $56,000
2020 $60,000 c) Is this an example of interpolation or extrapolation?

d) What is the value of r? _____________

Name:____________________________________________ Date:________________Period:_________

A.__ Scatter Plots & Trend Lines

Linear Regression
Day 2
Calculate the line of best fit for each situation. Round all numbers to the nearest hundredth.
Then answer the questions that follow.

1. The data in the table shows the miles per gallon a vehicle gets at different speeds.

Speed (mph) 40 55 60 70 75 80
Miles Per
27 25 24 21 19 18
Gallon

a) What is the equation in slope-intercept form for the line of best fit?

b) If the trend continues, predict the miles per gallon the car would get at 100 miles per hour.

c) Is this an example of interpolation or extrapolation?

d) What is the value of r? _____________

2. The table below shows the population of a town over a period of time.

a) What is the equation in slope-intercept form for the

Year Population
line of best fit?
2010 4,500
2012 5,500
2014 8,000
2016 9,500
b) Using the linear regression, what will the 2018 10,500
population of the town be in 2030? 2020 13,000

c) Is this an example of interpolation or extrapolation?

d) What is the value of r? _____________

3. The data in the table shows the altitude of a plane compared to the outside air pressure.

a) What is the equation in slope-intercept form for the

line of best fit? Altitude (feet)
Outside
Pressure (psi)
1,200 14.16
4,000 12.69
5,000 12.23
b) Use the trend to predict the outside pressure 10,000 10.1
at 35,000 feet above sea level. 15,000 8.29
25,000 5.46
30,000 4.37

c) Is this an example of interpolation or extrapolation?

d) What is the value of r? _____________

4. The table shows the rushing yards an NFL running back got in his first six games of the season.

Game 1 2 3 4 5 6
Rushing Yards 29 57 84 90 92 109

a) What is the equation in slope-intercept form for the line of best fit?

b) If the trend continues, how many rushing yards can the running back
expect to get in game 15?

c) Is this an example of interpolation or extrapolation?

d) What is the value of r? _____________

Name:____________________________________________ Date:________________Period:_________

Notes: Scatter plots & Trend Lines

Correlation Coefficients
Day 3
What Does a Correlation Coefficient Tell Us?
We use a ________________ ______________ to display data and determine if
there is a relationship between two quantitative variables.

We can then perform a ______________________ ___________________ to

determine a line of best fit that we can then use to make ____________________.

But how well does the trend line fit our data?
The ______________________ _______________________ measures the strength
of the data and tells us how well our trend line fits the data. This is the value of “r” on
your calculator.

We have learned how to determine if a correlation is positive, negative, or if there is

no correlation. But we can be more specific when we describe a correlation.

Correlation Coefficients: range from -1 to 1 and are described as follows:

Perfect High Low Low High Perfect

No
Negative Negative Negative Positive Positive Positive
Correlation
Correlation Correlation Correlation Correlation Correlation Correlation

r = -1 r = -.9 r = -.5 r=0 r = .5 r = .9 r=1

Refer to your previous notes. Make sure your diagnostics

How it’s Calculated: are on if you are using a TI-83/84 calculator!
Your correlation coefficient is the “r” value. Not r2!
Look back to your previous notes and refer to the section of each problem where you included
the “r” value for its linear regression. Describe the correlation based on the correlation
coefficient.
Name:____________________________________________ Date:________________Period:_________

A.__ Scatter Plots & Trend Lines

Correlation Coefficients
Day 3
Match each graph with its possible correlation coefficient.

1. __________ r = 1

A B
2. __________ r = .02

3. __________ r = -.45

C D 4. __________ r = .63

5. __________ r = -1

6. __________ r = .92
E F
7. __________ r = -.87

Given the correlation coefficient (i.e. the “r” value), describe its correlation using one of the
descriptions below. Answers may be used more than once.

8. __________ r = .95
A. High Positive Correlation B. High Negative Correlation
9. __________ r = -.58
C. Low Positive Correlation D. Low Negative Correlation 10. __________ r = -.86

E. Perfect Positive Correlation F. Perfect Negative Correlation 11. __________ r = .63

12. __________ r = 1
G. No Correlation
13. __________ r = .99
14. __________ r = -.09
Calculate the line of best fit for the following situation. Round all numbers to the nearest
hundredth. Then answer the questions that follow.

15. The data in the table shows the grade 12 students received on the last Algebra test
compared to the amount of time each student spent studying for it.

Time Spent a) What is the equation in slope-intercept form for the

Studying Grade on Test line of best fit?
(min)
60 95
35 40
40 65
150 102
90 100 b) What is the correlation coefficient? _____________
20 45
55 80
45 85
c) Describe the correlation based on the correlation
50 85
coefficient.
60 90
75 90
90 96

d) Using the linear regression, what can a student expect to score on the Algebra test if he
or she spends 45 minutes studying for it?

e) Is this an example of interpolation or extrapolation?

f) Using the linear regression, what can a student expect to score on the Algebra test if he
or she spends 200 minutes studying for it?

e) Is this an example of interpolation or extrapolation?

f) How accurate do you think your predictions are, based on your data?