ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND

PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES 12
4th Quarter
Week 4

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Division of Surigao del Sur
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 Lesson 1

Competency:
o Determines the objectives and structures of various kinds of reports.
(CS_EN11/12A-EAPPIIe-j-6)

Objectives: At the end of the week, you are expected to have:

o Identified the purpose and format of a report;
o Differentiated various kinds of reports; and
o Appreciated the importance of reports in real-life setting.

Learner’s Tasks

Lesson Overview

Writing is one of the four language skills. In our own language, it is usually the fourth
language skill that we learn. Writing has always been considered as a macro-skill
where everyone needs to master. It is a way of an individual to express him/herself on
the things that is hard to say. To write clearly, it is essential to understand the basic
system of a language. In English, this includes knowledge of grammar, punctuation,
sentence structure, and vocabulary. This activity sheet will bring you to the clearer
aspect to develop further your writing ability, specifically in writing a report paper. It
will serve as a guide as you embrace the possibility of being employed. If you want to
know more about it, let’s get started!

WHAT IS A REPORT?

Report refers to any informational work made with intention to relay information or
recounting certain events in a presentable manner. It is often conveyed in writing,
speech, television, or film. It is considered an administrative necessity. Report is always
written in a sequential manner in order of occurrence.

Report writing is making a detailed statement about the company, an event, a

situation, and/or an occurrence which is based on an observation, investigations, and
inquiries.

TYPES & CHARACTERISTICS OF VARIOUS REPORTS

1. INFORMAL
▪ functions to inform, analyze and recommend.
▪ is a complex account either written or oral that uses formal and structured
language and is usually applied in major projects and organizations.

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 ▪ it usually takes the form of a memo, letter or a very short international
document like monthly financial report, monthly activities report research and
development report, etc.
▪ this differs from formal report in length and formality.
▪ it is written according to organization style and rules, but usually does not
include the preliminary (front) and supplemental (back) material.
▪ Informal report is usually more controversial in tone and typically deals with
everyday problems and issues addressed to a narrow readership inside the
organization.

Types of Informal Report

A. PROGRESS REPORT
A document that explains in detail how far you've gone towards the
completion of a project. It outlines the activities you've carried out, the tasks
you've completed, and the milestones you've reached vis-à-vis your project
plan.

B. SALES ACTIVITY REPORT

Sales reports are a record of sales activity over a particular period of time.
These reports detail what reps have been up to, reveal whether the team is
on track to meet its quota, and alert management to any potential issues.

C. PERSONNEL EVALUATION
Personnel Evaluation is an important component of the performance
management process in organizations. It also referred to as a
performance appraisal, it provides developmental feedback for increasing
competence, enhancing performance, and making personnel decisions such
as distributing rewards.

D. FINANCIAL REPORT
This is also referred to as financial statement or finance report. It is a
management tool used to communicate key financial information to both
internal and external stakeholders by covering every aspect of financial affairs
with the help of specific Key Performance Indicator (KPI).

E. FEASIBILITY REPORT
It is a paper that examines a proposed solution and evaluates whether it is
possible, given certain constraints.

F. LITERATURE REVIEW
It is a document or section of a document that collects key sources on a topic
and discusses those sources in conversation with each other (also called
synthesis).

G. CREDIT REPORT
It is a detailed breakdown of an individual's credit history prepared by a credit
bureau.

2. FORMAL
▪ Refers to the collection and interpretation of data and information.

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▪ Complex and used at an official level.
▪ It is often a written account of a major project.
▪ Communicates and updates information using free-flowing, casual and short
formats usually about routines and everyday business.
▪ Examples include: new technologies, the advisability of launching a new project
line, results of a study or experiment, an annual report, or a year old review of
developments in the field.

Types of Formal Report

A. INFORMATIONAL REPORTS
▪ Present results so readers can understand a particular problem of situation.
▪ It might:
-present information on the status of current research or of a project;
- present an update of the operation in your division;
- explain how your organization or division does something; and
- present the results of a questionnaire or research.

Example: Manager of a city’s website might prepare an informational

report for the current city council; the report would provide statistics on
the number of people who pay their city water and sewage bills online,
etc.

B. ANALYTICAL REPORTS
▪ Analytical reports present results, analyze those results, and draw
conclusions based on those results.
▪ It attempts to describe why or how something happened and then explain
what it means.
▪ Like informational reports, this can also be formal or informal.
▪ Explain what causes a problem or a situation -present the results of a traffic
study showing accident at the intersection – the report explains what it
means.
▪ Explain the potential results of a particular course of action.
▪ Suggest which option, action, or procedure is best.

C. RECOMMENDATION REPORTS
▪ This advocate a particular course of action. This usually present the results
and conclusions that support the recommendations.
▪ This type is identical to analytical reports.

Example: Your analytical report suggests using treatment X is more

efficient than treatments Y and Z. However, that does not mean that you
will use treatment X as cost and other considerations might recommend
treatment Y.
- What should we do about a problem?
- Should we or can we do something?

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 - Should we change the method or technology we use to do
something?

HOW DO WE PREPARE A FORMAL REPORT?

1. Identify the readers.

2. Determine your purpose.
3. Formulate specific questions.
4. Conduct research to answer the questions.
5. Draw valid conclusions (for analytical or recommendation reports).
6. Decide on recommendations (for recommendations).
7. Write the report.

3. NARRATIVE REPORT
▪ Most widely used report.
▪ Information is written in a logical manner or sequence.
▪ All the case studies or formal narration are written in this format, it follows a
sequential manner of description.
▪ All the steps are to be followed accordingly.

4. SPECIALIZED REPORT
▪ Summary of reports about specialized enforcement and police problems.
▪ May be either narrative, chronological, or both.
▪ It may not follow a single pattern due to the different case types and
descriptions.

5. ACCIDENT REPORT
▪ It defines the complete description of accident.
▪ It describes the location and the loss occurred.
▪ It is important for documentation.
▪ It is required to start any investigation.

6. NON-CHRONOLOGICAL REPORT
▪ The purpose is to describe the way things are.
▪ This is mainly used in the letter, non-fiction book, information leaflet, catalogue,
etc.
▪ The opening contains a general classification, a description of chosen subject,
paragraph about different aspects of the subject, and the conclusion.

FORMAT/ STRUCTURE OF A REPORT

There is no definite set report writing format, however, there are general sections that
should be included. Unlike essays, reports are written in section with headings and
subheadings, which are usually numbered. There are numerous possible formats
available for writing a report, and it mostly depends on the context of topic.

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A key feature of reports is that they are formally structured in sections. The use of
sections makes it easy for the reader to jump straight to the information they need.
Unlike an essay which is written in a single narrative style from start to finish, each
section of a report has its own purpose and will need to be written in an appropriate
style to suit – for example, the methods and results sections are mainly descriptive,
whereas the discussion section needs to be analytical. Understanding the function of
each section will help you to structure your information and use the correct writing
style. Reports for different briefs require different sections, so always check carefully
any instructions you've been given.

It can be helpful to write up sections as you go along. This means that you write about
what you've done while it's still fresh in your mind and you can see more easily if there
are any gaps that might need additional research to fill them. In addition, you don't
end up with a large piece of writing to do in one go - that can be overwhelming.

Here is a suggested order for writing the main sections:

1. Methods and Data/Results: As a rough guide, the more factual the section, the
earlier you should write it. So, sections describing ‘what you did and what you found’
are likely to be written first.

2. Introduction and Literature Survey: Sections that explain or expand on the purpose
of the research should be next. What questions are you seeking to answer, how did
they arise, why are they worth investigating? These will help you see how to interpret
and analyze your findings.

3. Discussion: Once you’ve established the questions your research is seeking to

answer, you will be able to see how your results contribute to the answers and what
kind of answers they point to. Write this early enough that you still have time to fill any
gaps you find.

4. Conclusions and Recommendations: These should follow logically from your

discussion. They should state your conclusions and recommendations clearly and
simply.

5. Abstract/Executive Summary: Once the main body is finished, you can write a
succinct and accurate summary of the main features.

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Activity 1: I-Report
Directions: Determine if the sample report is formal or informal. Then identify its
purpose. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

SIGMA WEB INTERFACE FOR REACTOR DATA APPLICATIONS

B. Pritychenko and A.A. Sonzogni

We present Sigma Web interface which provides user-friendly access for online
analysis and plotting of the evaluated and experimental nuclear reaction data stored
in the ENDF-6 and EXFOR formats. The interface includes advanced browsing and
search capabilities, interactive plots of cross sections, angular distributions and
spectra, nubars, comparisons between evaluated and experimental data,
computations for cross section data sets, pre-calculated integral quantities, neutron
cross section uncertainties plots and visualization of covariance matrices. Sigma is
publicly available at the National Nuclear Data Center website at
http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/sigma.

Activity 2: FILL ME
Directions: Using a Venn diagram, present the comparison between informal and
formal report writing. Write your answer on the answer sheet.

Activity 3: MY POV!
Directions: Read and answer the questions below. Write your answer on the answer
sheet.

1. In your own point of view, how important is report writing to students? Employees?
_________________________________________________________________________ _
_________________________________________________________________________ _
_________________________________________________________________________ _

2. Why do we need to follow structure in writing a report?

________________________________________________________________________ _
_________________________________________________________________________ _
_________________________________________________________________________ _

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 Formative Test

Directions: Read the items below and answer each question by choosing the best
answer. Write the letter of your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of these reports provide information without any evaluation?

A. Routine C. Interpretative
B. Progress D. Informational

2. Which of the following statements about report is accurate?

A. Business professionals rarely write reports.
B. Writers develop reports for internal audiences only.
C. Informal reports of eight or fewer pages are the most common report in the
workplace.
D. Both b & c.

3. Which of the following is likely to be written as an informative report?

A. A feasibility study addressing tuition reimbursement too all employees.
B. A summary of information presented at a recent conference for technical
writers.
C. A comparison of five handheld communication devices that your company
might purchase.
D. A recommendation from the Information Technology Department that your
company install a wireless network.

4. Which of the following reports is an example of an Analytical report?

A. A report showing state budget allocations for education.
B. A report summarizing the details of a recent seminar you attended.
C. A report recommending an anti-terrorism security system for mass transit.
D. A report outlining the new company procedure for reporting workplace
injuries.

5. When you are writing a report, what should we do so that we can relate to our
audience?
A. being sensitive to their needs.
B. controlling your style and tone
C. both a and b
D. None of the above

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 Answers Key

Activity 1: Answers may vary

Activity 2: Answers may vary
Activity 3: Answers may vary

Reference

Wyson, John Daryl B. 2016. English for Academic and Professional Purposes. Quezon
City: Vibal Group Inc. English for Academic Purposes Learner’s Material and
Teacher’s Guide. Department of Education, First Edition, 2016.

https://www.slideshare.net/tulikapaul524/report-writingtypes-format-structure-
and relevance next_slideshow=1 accessed report format accessed April 25,
2021

https://www.toppr.com/guides/business-correspondence-and-
reporting/reportwriting/kinds-of-reports/ accessed report format writing
accessed April 27, 2021

https://slideplayer.com/slide/5333430/ accessed report writing accessed May 6,

2021

https://slideplayer.com/slide/4294734/ accessed report structures accessed May 6,

2021

https://www.sampletemplates.com/business-templates/report/sample-report-in
pdf.html accessed report templates accessed May 8, 2021

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4797036/ designing survey

questionnaire accessed May 10, 2021

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 Lesson 2

Competency:
o Designs, tests and revises survey questionnaires. (CS_EN11/12A-
EAPP-IIe-j-7)

Objectives: At the end of the week, you are expected to have:

o Determined the steps in constructing a survey questionnaire;
o Developed a survey questionnaire; and
o Appreciated the importance of a survey questionnaire.

Learner’s Tasks

Lesson Overview

It has always been part of our daily lives that we ask questions to people we meet in
the way, in the office or in the community. We ask questions in a formal or informal
ways to get answers that we want to know.

In the previous lesson, you have learned about writing position papers and
determining the objectives and structures of various kinds of reports. This time, you will
start designing, testing and revising survey questionnaires. Let’s get started!

A survey is a general view, examination, or description of someone or something. It

also refers to looking carefully and thoroughly at (someone or something), especially
to assess them. When you want to do a survey, you need a questionnaire to help get
the information that you need. A good questionnaire should be valid, reliable, clear,
and interesting. When we say,

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Remember these when you create a survey questionnaire:

DESIGN

1. Ask the right questions

Questions may be “close-ended” or “open-ended.” You can use either depending

on the data that you want to get from your respondents.

“Close-ended” questions provide options to the respondents and require them to

choose one or more items from the list. This is used if the range of answers are well
known and the options are limited.
Example: Do you have a computer at home? ___yes ___no

“Open-ended” questions allow the respondents to express their opinions freely and
they are not restricted by the options. This is used if the answer options are multiple
and unknown. The answers to the open-ended questions require re-grouping before
analysis.
Example: What are the reasons why students do not have computers at home?
(You can list one or two reasons)

The options available should be comprehensive so that the respondent can find an
option which best suits his/ her answer. You can include an “Other: please specify
________” category as one of the options. You can also let them check as many items
as applicable but be sure to mention it in your options.

Example: Why do you want to have a computer? (You can choose more than
one)
o I need it for my projects in school.
o I want to play online games.
o My friends have computers.
o I want to use it for business.

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 o Others: Please specify: _________________

In questions that involve assessing attitudes or giving opinions, a scale with a range of
responses is preferred to a yes/no answer. Likert scale (usually 5-point or 7- point) is a
commonly used method.

Example:

In a questionnaire which has many parts, some of which need not be answered by
the respondent, filtering is used to guide the respondent to answer only the relevant
questions. However, you should avoid using too much filtering as this may confuse the
respondents and make the questionnaire complicated.

Example:

Avoid double-barreled questions. It is a common mistake that refers to asking two

things in one question.
Example: Do you have a computer and a laptop at home?

Avoid ambiguous questions. Be clear and specific in constructing your question.

2. Use Appropriate Format

This is important because the “look” of the questionnaire may decide whether the
respondent is going to fill it up or not.

The title should be highlighted and should reflect the main objective of the research.
If possible, divide the questionnaire into sections according to the content (e.g. boxes
with bold headings) and it should flow smoothly from one section to another with
appropriate filtering.

If your respondents involve older persons, a bigger font size should be used. Finally,
include a cover letter stating the objective of your study, and your affiliations. Most
importantly, it should include a confidentiality clause. This is to inform your respondents
on how you are going to use the collected information.

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3. Arrange the questions logically.

The order of the questions should flow in a logical sequence. Start with simple
questions and move to more complex questions. You can start with the demographic
profile like age, address, and others.

4. Make instructions clear

Instructions should be very clear and introductory comments should be appropriate.

Short instructions help the respondents understand easily and help them set their mind
on answering the questions.
The respondents should be told exactly what is wanted.
Example: Place a check mark in the box if you experienced pain on the particular
back or X it doesn’t.

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TEST

A pilot test is a crucial step in the design of questionnaire before data collection
begins. It will help detect flaws in the questionnaire in terms of content, grammar, and
format.

You can ask your colleagues, family, or friends to comment on the questionnaire. By
doing so, mistakes in terms of content, grammar, and or format will be lessened. This
should be followed by asking the potential respondents to answer the questionnaire
and provide their feedback. For those questions which you feel may be confusing or
sensitive, it is important to ask the respondents to comment specifically during the pilot
test.

REVISE

You will evaluate for general content, organization, and tone, by adding, deleting,
and organizing information if necessary. When revising, it can be helpful to answer
these questions:
✓ Who is your audience?
✓ Are your objectives enough?
✓ Have you included enough information?
✓ Do you have more information than you need?
✓ Have you chosen the proper words to express your ideas?
✓ Are you wordy, repetitive, or inconsistent?

When you have done all of these, you have crafted a good survey questionnaire. It
does not seem easy at first but when you start doing it, you will find it very helpful.

Activity 1: CHOOSING THE RIGHT ONE!

Directions: Formulate your own 5-item survey questionnaire about a family’s favorite
past time or hobby during the quarantine days in your community. Write it on a sheet
of paper.

Activity 2: TEST IT
Directions: Let your family members and relatives answer your survey questionnaire (at
least 5). List down their thoughts about your self-made questionnaire. Write their
comments on your paper.

Activity 3. REVISE
Directions: Do the last step of the process. Revise to improve your survey questionnaire.
Compile all your outputs from designing, testing and revising a sample survey
questionnaire and submit it to your subject teacher.

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Activity 4:
Directions: Read and answer the question below. Write your answer on the answer
sheet.

Why is it important to test and revise the self-made survey questionnaire?

Formative Test

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the letter of your answer on
a separate sheet of paper.

1. Asking your colleagues, family, or friends to comment on the questionnaire that

you made to detect mistakes in terms of content, grammar, and or format is a way
of?
A. Survey B. Designing C. Revising D. Testing

2. In formulating survey questionnaire, an individual must be conscious of the

questions to ask to avoid common mistake that refers to asking two things in one
question. This refers to?
A. Ask vague questions. C. Ask double-barreled questions
B. Avoid ambiguous questions D. Avoid double-barreled questions

3. Do you have a computer at home? Is an example of what type of question?

A. Open questions C. Open-ended questions
B. Close questions D. Close -ended questions

4. As a researcher, you were instructed by your research adviser to construct a survey

questionnaire and allow your neighbors to test its validity and reliability by
answering it. Doing so, you give your neighbors time to answer it and collected it
again. Upon checking, you have noticed that there are suggestions in terms of
grammar and content of your questionnaire. What are you going to do?
A. Re-test the survey questionnaire with yourself.
B. Float the questionnaire again but with other respondents to answer.
C. Ignore the suggestions and proceed with actual floating f questionnaire.
D. Revise the content of the questionnaire based on the suggestions found.

5. As a survey questionnaire maker, you use a word or group of words to guide the
respondent to answer only the relevant questions. This refers to?
A. Filter B. Filtering C. Survey D. Close questions

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 Answers Key

LESSON 2

Activity 1:
Activity 2: Answers may vary
Activity 3: Answers may vary
Activity 3B: Answers may vary
Activity 4: Portfolio

Reference

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4797036/ designing survey

questionnaire accessed
May 20, 2021

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/Musculoskeletal_survey_
Nordic_questionnaire.png sample questionnaire accessed May 20, 2021

www.dictionary.com definition of survey accessed May 20, 2021

https://explorable.com/how-to-conduct-a-survey methods of conducting a survey

accessed May 20, 2021

https://publicdomainvectors.org/en/free-clipart/Interview-with-tux-symbol-
vectorimage/33188.html image accessed May 20, 2021

https://pxhere.com/en/photo/1447525 image accessed May 20, 2021

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Online_Survey_Icon_or_logo.svg image
accessed May 20, 2021

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