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CHAPTER 1 - GENERAL

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 Section 1.0: Scope

This chapter provides the general requirements for works involving

machinery design, installations and operations.

As used in this code, and as defined in Article I Section 3 Paragraph (b)

Republic Act No. 8495, otherwise known as The New Mechanical Engineering
Law, mechanical equipment machinery or process shall include...

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• Steam engines,
• Internal combustion engines
• Boilers
• Turbines
• Crushers
• Mills etc.; and the term "mechanical Works plant," shall include steam plants,
internal combustion engine plant, hydraulic power plants, pumping plants,
refrigerating plants, air-conditioning plants, etc. containing any mechanical
equipment, machinery or process.

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Section 2.0: Requirements for Permit
Application

All proposed installations, additions or alterations involving machinery,

mechanical equipment or process shall be covered by the following plans and
specifications prepared by or under the supervision of a Professional
Mechanical Engineer signed and sealed by same. Such plans in triplicate shall
accompany applications for installation and operation permit.

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REQUIREMENTS:
• General layout plan for each floor drawn to scale not less than 1:200, in
heavy lines the equipment with super-imposed building outline in light or
suppressed lines. All names of machinery and brake horsepower or kilowatt
rating should be noted on plan.

• Plan elevation at least one longitudinal and on-e traverse to show inner floor
relations indicating how machines are supported whether through building
structure, separate staging or by foundations from the ground.

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• Piping plan in isometric drawing:

a) Assembly of pipes on racks and supports,

b) Complete individual piping system, indicating terminal to terminal
valves, operations. fittings, size and color code.

• Separate plan for the different store rooms, fuel tanks, fire extinguishing
equipment, fire fighting tools, fire doors, fire escape ladders, etc.

• For air conditioning and refrigeration installation or ventilation, plans for

supply and return ductwork should indicate the location of outlet dampers,
controls, filters, fire proofing, sound insulators.

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• Detailed plans of foundations and supports.

• Detailed construction and working plans of boilers and pressure vessels,

if any.

• Location plan preferably drawn to scale.

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Complete list of machineries showing:
●

a) Machinery name.
b) Catalogue number, size, model, serial number
c) Rated capacity (Ex. Boiler Steam capacity in Kg/Hr, kW, kJ)
d) Drive and Revolutions per minute

1) Direct
2) V-belt or flat belt
3) Gear reducer
4) Hydraulic
5) Magnetic
6) Chain
7) Line Shafting
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e) Motor or Prime Mover Showing:
1) kW for each machine
2) speed in RPM
3) total kW installed, or to be installed

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• Flow-sheet if processing plant, manufacturing or assembly plant with the
corresponding standard symbols.
• Other Contents of Mechanical plans:
• The Plans shall also contain the signature and seal of a Professional
Mechanical Engineer with the following:
a) Registration number
b) Validity Date
c) Professional Tax Receipt (PTR), Date, Place of Issue
d) Tax Identification Number

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Section 3.0: Standards for Drawings
Metric Dimension on Drawings

• Length in metric units that are most generally used in connection with
any work relating to mechanical engineering are meters and millimetres.
• On mechanical drawings, all dimensions are general, given in millimetre,
no matter how large the dimension may be.
• This practice is adopted to avoid mistakes due to misplaced decimal
points, or misread dimensions as when other units are used as well.

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Fig. 1-1 Standard Symbols for Section

Only dimension or precision need be given

in decimals of millimeters; such
dimensions are generally given in
hundredths of a millimeter, for example,
0.02 mm, which is equal to .0008 in. As
.O1 mm is equal to .0004 in, it is seldom
that dimensions would be given with
greater accuracy than hundredths of a
millimeter.

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Fig. 1-2 Standard Lines for
Engineering Drawings

Three width of lines - thick, medium,

and thin - are recommended for use on
drawings. Pencil lines in general
should be in proportion to the ink lines
except that the ticker pencils will be
necessarily thinner than the
corresponding ink lines, but as tick as
practicable for pencil work. Exact
thickness may vary according to the
size and type of drawing. For example,
were lines are close together, the lines
may be slightly thinner.
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Fig. 1-7 Method of designating surface roughness on a
process drawing for several operations on same surface
Scales of Drawing

• Drawings made using the International System of Units should not be made to
scales of 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, etc. If the object cannot be drawn full size, it may be
drawn 1:2.5, 1:5, 1:10, 1:20, 1:30, 1:100, 1:200, 1500, or 1:1000 size. If the object
is too small and has to be drawn larger it is drawn 2, 5, or 10 times its actual
size. The scale therefore shall be written 2:1; 5:1; 10:1.

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Standard sheet sizes

• Standard sheet sizes for mechanical plans and drawings shall be based on a
width to length ration of 1: square root of 2.

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A. Use of Computers
1) Computers may be used for all or any part of the design or mechanical
plant, facility, system, machine or machine part under this Code provided
that all the programs to be used are documented and appropriate provisions
of this Code are satisfied
2) Program Documentation: Documenting a computer program under this
Code shall consist of filing with the Philippine Mechanical Code Commission
(the Commission) reference publications accessible to the Commission
3) Computer Generated Computations: A copy of the output sheets shall be
submitted as part of the design computations, which shall be accompanied
by a certification by a professional mechanical engineer that the output
sheets are the results obtained through the use of documented programs.
4) Computer Generated Drawings: Computer generated drawings shall conform
to the provisions of Section 1.2, 1.3, and other provisions of this Code.
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Section 4.0: lnspection
• inspection shall be done during installation to satisfy inspection office of
respective government agency concerned that all materials and methods of
erection are inspected in conformance with this code.

• Annual inspection shall be made to see that:

a) Equipment as originally installed are still safe to operate for at least
another year.
b) No change, addition or alteration deviating from the original plan was
made without prior permit from the proper government agency
concerned.

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CHAPTER 2 – COMMERCIAL AND
INDUSTRIAL BUILDING

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Section 1.0 Scope
• This chapter covers general guidelines in the choice and design of
industrial building. It includes safety rules and requirements for the
various aspects of industrial buildings, and matters on machinery and
equipment foundation designs.

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Section 2.0 Plant Design Procedure
Basis of the Structure Design.
• For industrial works, the utilization demand of the industry for which the
building is to be used are of utmost importance in the design of buildings.

• Aside from geographical location and economic consideration, the

mechanical and electrical equipment requirements are extremely
important for all modern buildings, particularly factories.

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Requirements for number, size, location and height of rise for elevators
with particular attention to penthouse dimensions and equipment loads:

a) General requirements for plumbing with particular attention to the location

of soil stacks, Standpipes, main pumps, waterstorage tanks and sprinkler
systems.
b) If steam is to be produced within the buildings, requirements of the boiler
room and accessories, such as fuel storage, the probable location of steam
mains and ducts and their approximate sizes in order to avoid interference
with a structure member of other utilities.
c) typical lighting demands with particular attention to ceiling outlets as their
proper locations may influence the framing of the building and the
necessary space required for the electric conduits often affect the floor
design.
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d) For industrial buildings, all specific demands of the manufacturing
processes such as special mechanical and electrical equipment of interior
clearances, should be identified.

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Section 3.0 General Requirements
Space Requirements

• Work Rooms (referring to maintenance shop and machine room) shall be at

least 3 000 mm in height from floor to ceiling.

• The maximum number of persons working or will be working shall not

exceed one person per 12 cubic meter.

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Crowding of Floor Space

• The floor space in a machine room shall strictly follow safety requirements
and shall not be crowded with machineries in a manner dangerous to
employees, or be over crowded with materials or products so as to constitute
hazards to them.

• Sufficient space shall be provided around the individual machine or process

units to allow for normal operation, adjustments, ordinary repairs, and for
material supplied, in process or completed.

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Stumbling Hazard

• The parts of floors over which any person is liable to work shall be
sufficiently even to afford safe walking and safe trucking of materials.

• Such parts shall be free from holes and splinters, improperly fitted covers for
gutters of conduits, protruding nails and bolts, projecting valves or pipes, or
other projections and obstructions which might create stumbling hazards.

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Slipping Hazards

• Floors, stair treads and landings shall not be slippery under any condition or
made of any material which will become slippery through wear. In the case
of concrete stairs, it should have a rough finish and for steel stairs, checkered
plate or standard metals and non-slip strip shall be used.

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Floor and Wall Opening

• Ladder way, floor openings shall be guarded on all exposed sides, except at
the entrance to the opening, by permanent railings and toe boards, the
passage through the railings shall be provided with a barrier or gate so
arranged that a person cannot walk directly into the opening.
• Stairway floor openings shall be guarded on all exposed sides, except at the
entrance to the stairway, by permanent railings and toe boards.

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Manholes and Other Openings

• Manhole floor openings shall be provided with manhole covers of adequate

strength which need not be hinged.
• Other floor openings into which persons can either by permanent railings
and toe boards on all exposed sides or by hinged floor opening covers of
adequate strength.
• When covers for either type are not in place, the opening shall be constantly
attended to by someone or protected by portable enclosing railings.

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• Floor Openings into which person can accidentally walk on account of fixed
machinery, equipment or walls shall be guarded by covers securely held in
place and leaving no openings more than 25 mm in width or by toe
boards on all exposed sides.
Railings

• All railings shall be constructed in a permanent and substantial manner of

wood, pipe, structure metal or other material of sufficient strength.

• There shall be no variation in the width of the treads and the heights of the
risers in any flight; the top and bottom treads of any flight should be clearly!
distinguishable.
• Stair railings shall be constructed in a permanent and substantial manner of
wood, pipe, structural metal or other material of sufficient strength.
Fixed Ladders, Catwalks, Runways and Platforms:

• All metal parts or fittings of ladders shall be made of structural steel.

• All runways or platforms constructed over conveyors or machinery shall be

guarded on all open sides by standard railings and toe boards.
Yards, Gates, Roadways, Walkway
• Plant yards shall be properly drained and graded in order to facilitate safe
access to buildings and safe handling of material and equipment.
• Drain pools and catch basins shall be provided where necessary, and be
properly covered or enclosed.
• Ditches, pits and other hazardous openings shall be provided with
substantial covers, enclosed, or surrounded by substantial guards.
• Walkways, roadways and tracks for plant railways should be carefully laid
out in such a manner as to avoid dangerous grade crossings.
• Roadways for automobiles, tractors or other vehicles should be soundly
constructed with surfaces made of good working materials.
• Substantial railings or walls should be provided along bridges, slopes and
sharp curves.
Section 4.0 Machinery & Equipment
General Requirements
• All heavy machinery should be supported on solid foundations of sufficient
mass and base area to prevent or minimize the transmission of objectionable
vibration to the building and occupied space and to maintain the supported
machine at its proper elevation and alignment.
• Foundations are preferably built of concrete in the proportion of one (1)
measure of Portland Cement to (2) measures of sand and four (4) measures
of screened crushed stones. The machine should not be placed on the
foundation until (7) days have elapsed or operated until another seven (7)
days have passed
• Machine should be leveled by driving wedges between the machine's base
and concrete foundation and with the aid of a spirit level. Grout all spaces
under the machine bed with a thin mixture of one part cement and one part
sand. The level wedges should be removed after grout has thoroughly set
and fill wedges holes with grout.
Specific Requirements

• For Stacks - Stacks and foundation become integral structures. The

maximum pressure on the soil is equal to the pressure due to the weight and
the wind movement.
1. Guyed Steel Stacks -These are used principally because of their relative
cheapness. Heavy foundations are unnecessary.
2. Reinforced Concrete Chimney - Together with its base, this chimney forms
an integral structure. Wall thickness decreases progressively to the top of
the stack. Less area is required than for masonry or self-supporting steel
stack because of the relatively thin walls compared to masonry stacks and
the elimination of the conical flare of the self-supporting steel stack. They
can be erected rapidly.
 Table 2.1
Approximate Weight of Guyed Stacks Per Meter of Height Thickness of
Material
• For Steam Turbines - Foundations should have sufficient weight and mass
to hold the turbine rigid against vibration
• Diesel Engines - Manufacturers supply foundation drawings with each
engine sent out. In the absence of such drawing, foundations may be
designed but in no event should absurdly shallow foundations be allowed.
Foundations perform three functions:
1. Support the weight of the engine.
2. Maintain proper alignment with the driven machinery, and
3. Absorb the vibration produced by unbalanced forces created by
reciprocating revolving masses.
 Materials
 Soil Bearing Pressure
 Depth
 Weight
Table 2.2 Values of "e" in Foundation Formulas
 Volume of Foundation - If the weight and speed of the engine are not
known, the volume of concrete for the foundation may be estimated from
the data in the following table:

Table 2.3 Volume of Concrete Foundation, m3/kw

 Anchor Bolts - To prevent pulling out of the bolts when the nuts are
tightened, the length embedded in concrete should be equal to at least
thirty (30) times the bolt diameter. The upper ends are surrounded by a 50
mm or 75 mm sheet metal pipe, 460 mm to 610 mm long to permit them to
be bent slightly to fit the holes of the bedplate.
Section 5.0 Anti-Pollution for Industrial
Building
• All machines1 equipment which characteristically generate noise shall be
provided with appropriate enclosures to control emissions so as not to cause
ambient noise level higher than the quality standards set by the government
agency concerned. If impractical, the buildings housing the same should be
appropriately designed or should be provided with means to achieve
compliance with the standards.
• Buildings intended for noisy manufacturing activities should be appropriately
designed or should be provided with means so as not to cause ambient
noise level higher than the standards set by the government agency
concerned.
That’s all thank you !