MATHEMATICS 9709/33

TOPIC 4 DIFFERENTIATION

TOPIC 4 DIFFERENTIATION Example 1

4.1 The Product Rule Differentiate (𝑥 + 1)4 (3𝑥 − 2)3
4.2 The Quotient Rule Solution:
4.3 Derivatives of Exponential Functions 𝑑𝑦 𝑑 𝑑
𝑑𝑥
= (𝑥 + 1)4 . 𝑑𝑥 (3𝑥 − 2)3 + (3𝑥 − 2)3 . 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 + 1)4
4.4 Derivatives of Natural Logarithmic Functions
4.5 Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions
1st differentiate 2nd 2nd differentiate 1st
4.6 Implicit Differentiation 𝑑𝑦
= (𝑥 + 1)4 . 3(3)(3𝑥 − 2)3−2 + (3𝑥 − 2)3 . 4(1)(𝑥 + 1)4−1
4.7 Parametric Differentiation 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= (𝑥 + 1)4 . 9(3𝑥 − 2)2 + (3𝑥 − 2)3 . 4(1)(𝑥 + 1)3
𝑑𝑥
In this chapter you will learn how to:
𝑑𝑦
• Differentiate products and quotients = (𝑥 + 1)3 (3𝑥 − 2)2 [9(𝑥 + 1) + 4(3𝑥 − 2)]
𝑑𝑥
• Use the derivatives of 𝑒 𝑥 , ln 𝑥, sin 𝑥 , cos 𝑥 , tan 𝑥 together with 𝑑𝑦
= (𝑥 + 1)3 (3𝑥 − 2)2 (9𝑥 + 9 + 12𝑥 − 8)
𝑑𝑥
constant multiples, sums, differences and composites
𝑑𝑦
• Find and use the first derivative of a function, which is defined = (𝑥 + 1)3 (3𝑥 − 2)2 (21𝑥 + 1)
𝑑𝑥
parametrically or implicitly.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Otherwise
4.1 The Product Rule Let 𝑢 = (𝑥 + 1)4 Let 𝑣 = (3𝑥 − 2)3
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
= 4 (𝑥 + 1)3 . 1 = 3. (3𝑥 − 2)2 . 3
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
The product rule is 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
𝑑𝑥
= 4 (𝑥 + 1)3 𝑑𝑥
= 9(3𝑥 − 2)2
𝑑 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑦
(𝑢𝑣) = 𝑢 +𝑣 or = 𝑢𝑣 ′ + 𝑣𝑢′
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑢
(𝑢𝑣) = 𝑢 +𝑣
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
Some people find it easier to remember this rule as: = (𝑥 + 1)4 9(3𝑥 − 2)2 + (3𝑥 − 2)3 4 (𝑥 + 1)3
𝑑𝑥
‘(1st function × derivative of second function) + (2nd function × derivative 𝑑𝑦
= (𝑥 + 1)3 (3𝑥 − 2)2 (21𝑥 + 1)
of first function) 𝑑𝑥
 MATHEMATICS 9709/33
TOPIC 4 DIFFERENTIATION

4.2 Quotient Rule

Practice 4.1 Product Rule
The quotient rule is 𝑑𝑦
1. Find 𝑑𝑥
when 𝑦 = (2𝑥 − 1)√4𝑥 + 5 .
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
𝑑 𝑢 𝑣 −𝑢 2. Use the product rule to differentiate the following:
( )= 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑣 𝑣2 (a) 𝑥(𝑥 − 2)5 (b) (𝑥 − 1)√𝑥 + 5 (c) (𝑥 − 3)2 (𝑥 + 2)5
3. Find the 𝑥-coordinate of the points on the curve
Some people find it easier to remember this rule
𝑦 = (2𝑥 − 3)2 (𝑥 + 5)3 where the gradient is 0.
(𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 × 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑡) − (𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 × 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟)
(𝑑𝑒𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟)2 4. Find the gradient of the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 √𝑥 + 4 at the point (−3, 9).
5. (a) Find 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) when 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 (2𝑥 2 − 5)3 , writing your answer in a
Example 1 fully factorized form.
𝑥 2 −5
Find the derivative of 𝑦 = . (b) Hence find the equation of the tangent at the point where 𝑥 = 1
2𝑥+1

Solution: on the curve 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 (2𝑥 2 − 5)3 .

Let 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 − 5 Let 𝑣 = 2𝑥 + 1
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣 Practice 4.2 Quotient Rule
𝑑𝑥
= 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
=2
(𝑥 + 2)3
1. Find the derivative of 𝑦 = .
√𝑥 − 1

𝑑𝑦 (2𝑥 + 1)(2𝑥) − (𝑥 2 − 5)(2) (3𝑥+1)3

= 2. Find the derivative of 𝑦 = .
√2𝑥−1
𝑑𝑥 (2𝑥 + 1)2
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑦 4𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 2𝑥 2 + 10 3. Find 𝑑𝑥
when
=
𝑑𝑥 (2𝑥 + 1)2 𝑥3
(a) 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 +1
𝑑𝑦 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 10
= (b) 𝑦 =
4𝑥 + 3
𝑑𝑥 (2𝑥 + 1)2 √2𝑥 −1
𝑑𝑦 2(𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 5)
=
𝑑𝑥 (2𝑥 + 1)2