6.

HOW DO ORGANISMS REPRODUCE

PREVIOUS YEAR PROBLEMS

1. List two advantages of practising vegetative propagation in plants. Select two plants raised by this
method from the list given below : [CBSE 10TH BOARD:2012]
banana, gram, pea, rose, tomato, wheat
2. List the parts of human male reproductive system which contribute to form semen, State two
advantages of semen offers to the sperms. [CBSE 10TH BOARD:2012]
3. (a) Explain the process of regeneration in Planaria. [CBSE 10TH BOARD:2013]
(b) How is regeneration different from reproduction ?
4. “The sex of a newborn child is a matter of chance and none of the parents may be considered
responsible for it.” justify this statement with the help of flow chart showing determination of sex of a
newborn. [CBSE 10TH BOARD:2013]
5. (a) List three distinguishing features between sexual and asexual types of reproduction.
(b) Explain why variations are observed in the offsprings of sexually reproducing organisms ?
[CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2013]
6. Select the correct statements for the process of budding in yeast :
I. A bud arises from a particular region on a parent body. [CBSE 10TH BOARD : 2014]
II. A parent cell divides into two daughter cells, here the parental identity is lost.
III. Before detaching from the parent body a bud may form another bud.
IV. A bud when detaches from the parent body grows into a new individual.
(A) I,II and III (B) II, III and IV (C) III, IV and I (D) IV, I and II
7. Explain the process of regeneration in planaria. How is this process different from reproduction ?
[CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2014]
8. What is placenta ? State its function in human female. [CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2014]
9. With the help of suitable examples, explain why certain traits cannot be passed on to the next
generation? What are such traits called ? [CBSE 10TH BOARD : 2014]
10. “A trait may be inherited, but may not be expressed.” Justify this statement with the help of a
suitable example. [CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2014]
11. What is the main difference between sperms and eggs of humans ? Write the importance of this
difference? [CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2014]
(i) to receive the zygote. (ii) if zygote is not formed.
12. When you study a slide showing different stages of budding in yeast, you observe the following
stages : [CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2014]
(I) The bud may get separated from the parent body and develop into a new individual.
(II) The body of the bud develops and gives rise to another baby bud.
(III) A bud comes out in any direction from the body of the parent cell.
(IV) Thus they may form a colony.
The proper sequence of the above stages is
(A) II, I, III, IV (B) II, III, I, IV (C) III, II, I, IV (D) III,I,II, IV
13. (a) Draw a sectional view of human female reproductive system and label the part where
[CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2014]
(i) eggs develop. (ii) Fertilisation take place.
(iii) Fertilised egg gets implanted.
(b) Describe, in brief, the changes that uterus undergoes.
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14. Write the functions of the following in human female reproductive system :
[CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2015]
15. How many pairs of chromosomes are present in human beings ? [CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2015]
Out of these how many are sex chromosomes ? How many types of sex chromosomes are found in
human beings ? “The sex of a newborn child is a matter of chance and none of the parents may be
considered responsible for it”. Draw a flow chart showing determination of sex of a newborn to justify
this statement
16. List two functions performed by the testis in human beings. [CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2015]
17. List any four methods of contraception used by humans. How does their use have a direct effect on
the health and prosperity of a family. [CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2015]



 Marked Questions can be used as Revision Questions.

SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Subjective easy, only learning value problems
SECTION (A) : ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
A-1 What is reproduction ?
A-2 What is the difference between binary and multiple fission ?
A-3 What is a spore ?
A-4 Define the term vegetative reproduction.
A-5 What is budding ? Mention it’s types.
A-6 What are advantages of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction in plants?
A-7 Why regeneration is considered to be a method of reproduction ?
A-8 When an organism is called as bisexual, what does it indicate ?

SECTION (B) : SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

B-1 What is the basic requirement of sexual reproduction ?
B-2 What happens to the ovule and the ovary after fertilization ?
B-3 Define fertilization, in human females where it occur ?
B-4 Define the term puberty.
B-5 Differentiate between cross pollination and self pollination.
B-6 What is the name of sexual cycle in human females ? When it starts and closes ?
B-7 What do you understand by gestation period and what is it’s time duration ?

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Single choice objective, straight concept/formula oriented
SECTION (A) : ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
A-1 Which of the following can not regenerates with the help of layering ?
(A) Jasmine (B) Rose (C) Mango (D) Cactus
A-2 Development of egg without fertilization is
(A) parthenocarpy (B) polyembryony (C) parthenogenesis (D) adventive embryony
A-3 Scion is a term in relation to
(A) layering (B) cutting (C) grafting (D) micropropagation

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A-4 Which one of the following is propagated by means of cuttings ?
(A) Sugarcane (B) Coffee (C) Citrus (D) All of these
A-5 Which is not a method of asexual reproduction-
(A) Micropropagation (B) Budding (C) Sowing (D) Layering
SECTION (B) : SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
B-1 Anemophily is pollination by
(A) air (B) water (C) insects (D) animal
B-2 Pollination between different flowers of same plant is called
(A) autogamy (B) geitonogamy (C) allogamy (D) xenogamy
B-3 Double fertilization is
(A) fusion of two male gametes with egg
(B) fusion of one male gamete with egg and the other male gamete with the polar bodies
(C) both are correct
(D) both are incorrect
B-4 The structure meant for the nourishment of developing embryo in case of plants is -
(A) pollen tube (B) endosperm (C) both A & B are correct (D) none of these
B-5 The zygote is formed by the fusion of-
(A) male gametes (B) male & female gametes
(C) female gametes (D) spores & gametes
B-6 The genetic information is stored in -
(A) DNA (B) RNA (C) Ribosome (D) ER
B-7 Each female flower consists of
(A) ovary (B) stigma
(C) ovary, style and stigma (D) thalamus
B-8 In mammals, the testes lies in scrotal sacs due to
(A) presence of urinary bladder
(B) presence of rectum
(C) long vas–deferens
(D) requirement of low temperature for sperm formation
B-9 Graffian follicles are found in
(A) testis of mammals (B) ovary of frog
(C) ovary of cockroach (D) ovary of mammals
B-10 Site of fertilization in mammals is
(A) ovary (B) uterus (C) vagina (D) fallopian tube
B-11 The process of reproduction which involves only a single parent to form an individual
(A) sexual reproduction (B) asexual reproduction
(C) none of these (D) Both A & B are correct
B-12 Testes descend into scrotum in mammals for
(A) Spermatogenesis (B) Development of visceral organs
(C) Fertilization (D) Development of sex organs
B-13 Loss of reproductive capacity in women after age of 45 years is
(A) menstruation (B) ageing (C) menopause (D) menarche
B-14 Release of oocytes from ovary is
(A) gestation (B) ovulation (C) parturition (D) implantation
B-15 Acrosome is formed by
(A) mitochondria (B) centrioles (C) golgi bodies (D) ribosomes
B-16 Acrosome aids the sperm to
(A) penetrate vitelline membrane of ovum (B) find ovum
(C) swim (D) higher activity
B-17 Progesterone is secreted by
(A) corpus luteum (B) thyroid (C) thymus (D) testis
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Marked Questions can be used as Revision Questions.

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1. The essential organs in a flower are
(A) the sepal and stamen (B) the petal and pistil
(C) the stamen and pistil (D) the sepal and petal
2. Double fertilization is characteristic of
(A) angiosperms (B) algae (C) gymnosperms (D) bryophytes
3. The embryo sac of a typical dicot at the time of fertilization is -
(A) 8 celled (B) 7 celled (C) 6 celled (D) 5 celled
4. Geitonogamy is transfer of pollen from anther to the stigma of
(A) Same flower
(B) Same or different flower of the same plant
(C) Same or genetically similar flower of the same or other plant
(D) Different flowers of the same plant
5. Emasculation is achieved by
(A) removal of stigma (B) removal of anthers
(C) removal of sepal & petals (D) removal of gynoecium
6. Parts that show chemotropic movement, fertilization & triple fusion are respectively –

(A) 2, 3, 4 (B) 1, 2, 3 (C) 3, 4, 5 (D) 2, 4, 3

7. Implantation of the zygote takes place at which of the following embryonic stage ?
(A) Gastrula (B) Morula (C) Blastula (D) Single-celled
8. After ovulation Graffian follicle regresses into
(A) corpus atresia (B) corpus callosum (C) corpus luteum (D) corpus albicans
9. Which one of the following hormones stimulates the corpus luteum to secrete a hormone?
(A) FSH (B) LH (C) Oestrogen (D) Progesterone
10. The correct sequence of spermatogenetic stages leading to the formation of sperms in a mature
human testes is
(A) spermatogonia-spermatocyte-spermatid -sperms
(B) spermatid- spermatocyte - spermatogonia - sperms
(C) spermatogonia - spermatid - spermatocyte - sperms
(D) spermatocyte - spermatogonia - spermatid – sperms
11. Which one of the following cells provide nutrition to the sperm ?
(A) Leydig cells (B) Granulosa cells (C) Primary germ cells (D) Sertoli cells
12. The main function of the fimbriae of the Fallopian tube in females is to
(A) release ovum from the Graafian follicle
(B) make necessary changes in the endometrium for implantation
(C) help in the development of corpus luteum
(D) help in the collection of the ovum after ovulation
13. The study of formation, growth and development of a new individual from an egg is known as -
(A) cytology (B) embryology (C) histology (D) genetics

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Marked Questions can be used as Revision Questions.

NTSE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)

1. The plants in which vegetative propagation is found, are
(Raj/NTSE Stage-1/Reproduction/13)
(A) Bryophyllum (B) Sugarcane (C) Rose (D) All of the above
2. In Bryophyllum, vegetative reproduction takes place through
(Raj/NTSE Stage-1/Reproduction/07)
(A) Root (B) Stem (C) Leaf (D) Rhizome
3. Viviparous germination is found in :
(Raj/NTSE Stage-1/Reproduction/07)
(A) Hydrophytes (B) Xerophytes (C) Halophytes (D) Mesophytes
4. If the migration of testes does not take place in man, from abdominal cavity to scrotal sac, then
(Raj/NTSE Stage-1/Reproduction/05)
(A) man will die
(B) the development of male secondary sex character will not take place
(C) the development of male reproductive system will not take place
(D) the formation of sperms will not take place
5. Vegetative propagation refers to formation of new plants from
(Delhi/NTSE Stage-1/Reproduction/2013)
(A) Stem, roots and leaves (B) Leaves flowers and seeds
(C) Stem, roots and seeds (D) Fruits seeds and spores
6. Asexual reproduction takes place through budding in :
(Chandidarh/NTSE Stage-1/Reproduction/2013)
(A) amoeba (B) yeast (C) plasmodium (D) Leishmania
7. Sperm formation requires______ temperature as in the normal body temperature.
(Chandidarh/NTSE Stage-1/Reproduction/2013)
(A) same (B) high (C) low (D) Not sure
8. The anther contains :
(Mizoram/NTSE Stage-1/Reproduction/2013)
(A) sepals (B) ovules (C) carpel (D) pollen grains
9. Which one of the following first receives the pollen during fertilization ?
(Orrisa/NTSE Stage-1/Reproduction/2013)
(A) Stigma (B) Style (C) Pollen tube (D) Female gamete
10. State the order in which various parts of flower are arranged from outer side to inner side :
(Maharashtra/NTSE Stage-1/Reproduction/2013)
(A) Carpel  Stamen  Petals  Sepals (B) Sepals  Petals  Stamen  Carpel
(C) Petals  Sepals  Stamen  Carpel (D) Sepals  Petals  Carpel  Stamen
11. Which of the following organism is reproduced by spore formation ?
(Gujrat/NTSE Stage-1/Reproduction/2013)
(A) Mucor (B) Planaria (C) Spirogyra (D) Potato
12. The embryo gets nutrition fom the mother’s blood with the help of special tissue called -
(M.P./NTSE Stage-1/Reproduction/2013)
(A) Placenta (B) Zygote (C) Ovum (D) Sperm
13. In which plant a piece of leaf can regenerate the whole plant ?
(Haryana/ntsestage I 2015)
(A) Banana (B) Bryophyllum (C) Rose (D) None of these
14. The method of mechanical barrier to avoid pregnancy is
(Rajasthan/ntsestage I 2015)
(A) condoms (B) contraceptive pills (C) surgical methods (D) abortion

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15. A sexual reproduction in plants which produces seed without fertilization is known as :
(Bihar/ntsestage I 2015)
(A) Parthenogenesis (B) Sporulation
(C) Apomixis (D) Vegetative reproduction

16. Double fertilization is a unique feature of :

(Delhi/ntsestage I 2015)
(A) Bryophytes (B) Angiosperm (C) Algae (D) Gymnosperm

17. In human female, immature eggs are for the first time seen in ovary
(Reproduction / 2015 / NTSE /Stage-2)
(A) at puberty (B) before birth, at the fetus stage
(C) during the first menstrual cycle (D) after the first year birth.

18. Period of complete development of foetus starting with implantation till the birth of young one called as
(Delhi/ntse/stage I 2015)
(A) Gestation period (B) Parturition (C) Pregnancy (D) both (A) and (C)

19. In seed plants, the non-motile gametes are carried to female gamete by :
(Delhi/ntse/stage I 2015)
(A) Air (B) Pollen tube (C) Water (D) Insects

20. Menopause is the stage in female when

(Delhi/ntse/stage I 2015)
(A) Menstruation starts (B) Puberty
(C) Reproduction capacity arrested (D) Ovaries enlarges

21. The vegetative reproduction in Bryophyllum takes place through which organ ?
(Maharastra/ntse/stage I 2015)
(A) Root (B) Stem (C) Leaf (D) Seed

22. A pollen tube, produced from the pollen grain, contains .. male gametes
(Maharastra/ntse/stage I 2015)
(A) One (B) Two (C) Seven (D) Eight

23. Which is the common method of artificial reproduction in plants ?

(Gujrat/ntse/stage I 2015)
(A) Cutting (B) Layering (C) Grafting (D) All of them

24. Which one of the following is a character of self-pollinated flower ?

(W.Bangal/ntse/stage I 2015)
(A) Flowers are large and showy. (B) Petals remain closed and do not open
(C) Stigma and another mature at different time. (D) Pollens are produced in a very large quantities.

25. Growth of pollen tubes towards ovule for ‘fertilization is due to ....
(Andhra Pradesh/ntse/stage I 2015)
(A) Thigmotropism (B) Phototropism (C) Chemotropism (D) Hydrotropism

26. If you want to produce plants like orange, grape, rose for commercial purpose, which method do you
choose.?
(Andhra Pradesh/ntse/stage I 2015)
(A) Cutting (B) Grafting (C) Tissue culture (D) Layering

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27. The following figure shows which process
(Utrakhand/ntse/stage I 2015)

(A) Vegetative reproduction (B) Multiple fission

(C) Regeneration (D) Budding

28. The production of plants through tissue culture is known as :

(Utrakhand/ntse/stage I 2015)
(A) Parthenocarpy (B) Polyembryony (C) Fragmentation (D) Micropropagation

29. Human egg and sperm are similar in that :

(Utrakhand/ntse/stage I 2015)
1. About the same number are produced per month.
2. Both have the same degree of motility.
3. The have the same number of chromosomes.
4. They are about the same size.
Choose the right option
(A) 1 and 2 (B) 3 and 4 (C) Only 3 (D) All the above

30. Select the correct statement in the following and choose the correct option :
(Utrakhand/ntse/stage I 2015)
i. Double fertilization occurs in flowering plants.
ii. After maturation ovary change into seed
iii. Zygote develops into embryo
iv. Pollen grains form in stigma
(A) i and iv (B) i, ii, and iii (C) i and iii (D) All of the above

31. In the following diagram, ABC are :

(Hariyana/ntse/stage I 2015)

(A) Cotyledon, Plumule, Radicle (B) Plumule, Redicle, Cotyledon

(C) Radicle, Cotyledon, Plumule (D) Plumule, Cotyledon, Radicle
32. Seed is modification of
(Rajasthan/stage I 2015)
(A) ovary (B) ovule (C) thalamus (D) all of these.
33. Grafting in monocot plants is not possible because they have :
(Delhi/resproduction/stage-I/2018)
(A) Parallel venation (B) Have only one cotyledon
(C) Have cambium (D) Have scattered vascular bundles

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34. In plants, the developing embryo is nourished by endospermic tissues its cell consist of
(Jharkhand/resproduction/stage-I/2017)
(A) One genome (Haploid) (B) Two genomes (Diploid)
(C) Three genomes (Triploid) (D) Four genomes (Tetraplaid)
35. One of the following is not associated with gametogenesis
(Jharkhand/resproduction/stage-I/2017)
(A) Formation of Ova (B) Formation of sperm
(C) Change of spermatids to spermatozoa (D) Release of ova
36. Asexual reproduction takes place through budding in :
(Bihar/reproduction/stage-I/2018)
(A) Amoeba (B) Yeast (C) Plasmodium (D) Leishmania
37. Which of the following is not a part of the female reproductive system in human beings ?
(Bihar/reproduction/stage-I/2018)
(A) Ovary (B) Vas deferens (C) Uterus (D) Fallopian tube
38. The anther contains :
(Bihar/reproduction/stage-I/2018)
(A) Sepals (B) Ovules (C) Carpel (D) Pollen grains
39. Morphologically and genetically similar organism is called :
(Bihar/reproduction/stage-I/2018)
(A) Clone (B) Somaclones (C) Cosmids (D) Cybrids
40. Which one of these is diploid :
(Bihar/reproduction/stage-I/2018)
(A) Egg (B) Pollen (C) Male gamete (D) Zygote
41. The Anther contains
(MP/reproduction/stage-I/2019)
(A) Sepals (B) Ovules (C) Pistil (D*) Pollen-grains
42. Pollination in Maize held by
(MP/reproduction/stage-I/2019)
(A) Insect (B) Water (C*) Air (D) Animal
43. Which of the following organ in human male is called thermoregulator?
(Haryana/reproduction/stage-I/2019)
(A) Vas deferens (B) Ejaculatory ducts (C*) Scrotum (D) Cowper’s gland
44. Which of the following method is used for vegetative propagation of sugarcane ?
(Assam/reproduction/stage-I/2019)
(A*) Grafting (B) Artificial Reproduction (C) Budding (D) Tissue culture
45. Example of unisexual flower is –
(Assam/reproduction/stage-I/2019)
(A) Hibiscus (B) Mustard (C*) Papaya (D) Rose
46. The process by which the plant embryo develops into seedling under appropriate condition is
known as –
(Assam/reproduction/stage-I/2019)
(A*) Germination (B) Reproduction (C) Fertilization (D) Plantation
47. The technique that is used to grow ornamental plant from one parent is known as -
(Assam/reproduction/stage-I/2019)
(A) Tissue culture
(B*) Vegetative propagation
(C) Hybrid
(D) Budding
48. Budding type of Reproduction is found in
(MP/reproduction/stage-I/2019)
(A) Peepel (B) Bryophyllum (C) Rose (D) Sugar cane

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49. In most mammals testis are situated outside of the abdominal cavity, because
(Bihar/reproduction/stage-I/2019)
(A) More number of sperms are produced in scrotal sac
(B) Longivity of sperm is enhanced
(C) Sperm in scrotal sac requires lesser temperature for efficient fertilisation
(D) Sperm in scrotal sac and bigger
50. Pollen grain of a plant (2n = 28) are cultured to produce callus tissues by tissue culture methods.
What would be the chromosome number in the cells of callus
(Bihar/reproduction/stage-I/2019)
(A) 28 (B) 21 (C) 14 (D) 56

VALUE BASED / PRACTICAL BASED QUESTIONS

MARKED QUESTIONS MAY HAVE FOR REVISION QUESTIONS.

This Section is not meant for classroom discussion. It is being given to promote self-study and self
testing amongst the Resonance students.

1. There are four tiny organisms A,B,C and D. The organism A is a parasitic protozoan which causes a
disease known as kala-azar.The organism B is a microscopic single-celled animal which causes
malaria disease in human beings. The organism C is a unicellular animal which can change its body
shape according to need, it has no fixed shape.The organism D is also a unicellular animal which is
slippeer-shaped having a large number of tiny hair all around its body.
(a) Name the organisms A, B,C and D
(b) Name the one characteristic body feature of organism A.
(c) Name the insect which carries organism B and transmits it from one person to another.
(d) What name is given to the asexual method of reproduction of (i) organism A, and (ii) organism B ?
(e) Where do organisms C and D live ?
2. When a moist slice of bread was kept aside for a few days then some organism grew on it to form a
white cottony mass which later turned black.When this slice of bread was observed through a
magnifying glass, then fine thread-like projections and thin stems having bulb-like structures at the
top were seen.
(a) What is the common name and scientific name of the organism which grew on the moist slike
of bread ?
(b) How did this organism grow on the moist slice of bread automatically ?
(c) How did this organism grow on the moist slice of bread automatically ?
(d) What name is given to the knob-like structures and what do they contain ?
(e) What is the name of this method of reproduction ?
(f) Name one unicellular organism which reproduces by this method.
(g) Name two non-flowering plants which reproduces by this method.
3. X and Y are two human beings.The organ A in the reproductive system of X releases a mature
gamete B once a month which goes into a tube-like structure C through a funnel-like opening.The
organ D in the reproductive system of Y makes and releases gametes E which pass through a duct
F and are introduced by an organ of Y, into the body of X.B and E fuse together in C to form a new
cell G. The cell G divides repeatedly to form a ball of cells H which gets embedded in the lining of
organ I of reproductive system of X where it grows and develops into a baby.
(a) Name (i) organ A, and (ii) gemete B. (b) Write two names of tube-like structure C.
(c) Name (i) organ D, and (ii) gamete E. (d) Write two names of duct F.
(e) Name (i) cell G (ii) ball of cells H, and (iii) organ I.
(f) Name (i) cell G (ii) ball of cells H, and (iii) organ I.
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4. The human males use a device X made of a very thin rubber sheet as a covering on the male organ
to prevent pregnancy.This device traps the gametes Y in it. In ordr to prevent pregnancy, the human
females use a device z which is a circle of rubber with a metal spring around int. The device Z is put
inside the vagina to cover the cervix, It stops Y from going into the uterus.
(a) What is device X ?
(b) What are Y ?
(c) Name the device Z.
(d) What is the general name of these methods of birth control (or preventing pregnancy) ?
(e) The use of which contraceptive device , X or Z, can protect the persons from sexually
transmitted diseases ?

EXERCISE - 1
SECTION (A) : ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
A-1. D A-2. C A-3. C A-4. D A-5 C
SECTION (B) : SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
B-1. A B-2. B B-3. B B-4. B B-5. B B-6. A B-7. C
B-8. D B-9. D B-10. D B-11. B B-12. A B-13. C B-14. B
B-15. C B-16. A B-17. A
EXERCISE - 2
OBJECTIVE QUESTION
Q. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
A. C A B D B D C C B A D D B

EXERCISE - 3
OBJECTIVE QUESTION

Q. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
A. D C C D A B C D A B A A B A C
Q. 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
A. B B D B C C B D B C A C D C C
Q. 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
A. D B D C D B B D A D D C C A C
Q. 46 47 48 49 50
A. A B B C A

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