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STEEL MEMBER DESIGN (AS4100) 1

Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date

M. EMECK 4/9/22

STEEL MEMBER DESIGN (AS4100)

In accordance with AS4100-1998 incorporating Amendment No.1 - 2012

Capacity factors (φ) for strength limit states - Table 3.4

Capacity factor; φ = 0.90

Design section 1
Section details
Section type; 310x158 UC (AISC 1994)
Steel grade; 350
From table 2.1: Strengths of steels
Thickness of material; t = max(tf, tw) = 25.0 mm
2
Yield stress; fy = 340 N/mm
2
Tensile strength; fu = 480 N/mm
2
Modulus of elasticity; E = 200000 N/mm

Analysis results
Design bending moment - Major axis; M∗x = 250 kNm
Design bending moment - Minor axis; M∗y = 100 kNm
Design shear force - Major axis; V∗x = 23.6 kN
Design shear force - Minor axis; V∗y = 180 kN
Design axial compression force; N∗ = 2096 kN

Section s1 results summary Unit Capacity Maximum Utilisation Result

Compression resistance kN 4909.1 2096.0 0.427 PASS
Bending capacity (x-x) kNm 408.7 262.7 0.643 PASS
Bending capacity (y-y) kNm 212.2 117.5 0.554 PASS
Shear resistance (x-x) kN 942.6 23.6 0.025 PASS
Shear resistance (y-y) kN 2379.2 180 0.076 PASS
Combined actions 0.976 PASS
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SAMPLE CALCULATION
Section Sheet no./rev.

STEEL MEMBER DESIGN (AS4100) 2

Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date

M. EMECK 4/9/22

Restraint spacing
Distance between major axis restraints; Lx = 4200 mm
Distance between minor axis restraints; Ly = 4200 mm
Section slenderness for major (x-x) axis - Section 5.2.2
2
Flange slenderness; λef = (bf - tw) / (2 × tf) × √(fy / 250 N/mm ) = 6.888
Flange yield slenderness limit - Table 5.2; λeyf = 16; λef / λeyf = 0.43
2
Web slenderness; λew = (d - 2 × tf) / tw × √(fy / 250 N/mm ) = 20.575
Web yield slenderness limit - Table 5.2; λeyw = 115; λew / λeyw = 0.179
Section slenderness; λs,x = 6.888
Section plasticity limit - Table 5.2; λsp,x = 9
Yield slenderness limit - Table 5.2; λsy,x = 16
Section is compact for major axis flexure
Section slenderness for minor (y-y) axis - Section 5.2.2
2
Flange slenderness; λef = (bf - tw) / (2 × tf) × √(fy / 250 N/mm ) = 6.888
Flange yield slenderness limit - Table 5.2; λeyf = 25; λef / λeyf = 0.276
Section slenderness; λs,y = 6.888
Section plasticity limit - Table 5.2; λsp,y = 9
Yield slenderness limit - Table 5.2; λsy,y = 25
Section is compact for minor axis flexure
Members subject to axial compression - Chapter 6
Design compression force; N∗ = 2096 kN
2
Cross-sectional area of holes; Ah = 0 mm ;
2
Net area of cross-section - cl.6.2.1; An = Ag = 20130 mm
Nominal section capacity - Section 6.2
2
Flange slenderness; λef = (bf - tw) / (2 × tf) × √(fy / 250 N/mm ) = 6.888
Flange yield slenderness limit - Table 6.2.4; λeyf = 16
Effective width of flanges - cl.6.2.4; bef = min(λeyf / λef, 1) × (bf - tw) / 2 = 147.7 mm
2
Web slenderness; λew = (d - 2 × tf) / tw × √(fy / 250 N/mm ) = 20.575
Web yield slenderness limit - Table 6.2.4; λeyw = 45
Effective width of web - cl.6.2.4; bew = min(λeyw / λew, 1) × (d - 2 × tf) = 277 mm
2
Effective area of section; Ae = Ag + 2 × (2 × bef - bf) × tf + (bew - d1 + 2 × tf) × tw = 20130 mm
Form factor - cl.6.2.2; kf = Ae / Ag = 1
Nominal section capacity in compression - cl.6.2.1; Ns = kf × An × fy = 6844.2 kN
Design section capacity in compression; Nsc = φ × Ns = 6159.8 kN
N∗ / Nsc = 0.34
PASS - Design section compression capacity exceeds design compression
Nominal member capacity in major (x-x) axis - Section 6.3
Effective length for buckling - cl.6.3.2; Le,x = 1.0 × Lx_s1 = 4200 mm
2
Modified compression member slenderness; λn,x = Le,x / rx × √(kf) × √(fy / 250 N/mm ) = 35.314
2
Compression member factor; αa,x = 2100 × (λn,x - 13.5) / (λn,x - 15.3 × λn,x + 2050) = 16.617
Member section constant - Table 6.3.3(1); αb = 0
Slenderness ratio; λx = λn,x + αa,x × αb = 35.314
Compression member imperfection factor; ηx = max(0.00326 × (λx - 13.5), 0) = 0.071
2 2
Compression member factor; ξx = ((λx / 90) + 1 + ηx) / (2 × (λx / 90) ) = 3.979
2
Member slenderness reduction factor; αc,x = ξx × (1 - √(1 - (90 / (ξx × λx)) )) = 0.923
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SAMPLE CALCULATION
Section Sheet no./rev.

STEEL MEMBER DESIGN (AS4100) 3

Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date

M. EMECK 4/9/22

Nominal member capacity in compression - cl.6.3.3; Nc,x = min(αc,x × Ns, Ns) = 6320.3 kN
Design member capacity in compression; Ncc,x = φ × Nc,x = 5688.2 kN
N∗ / Ncc,x = 0.368
PASS - Design member compression capacity exceeds design compression
Nominal member capacity in minor (y-y) axis - Section 6.3
Effective length for buckling - cl.6.3.2; Le,y = 1.0 × Ly_s1 = 4200 mm
2
Modified compression member slenderness; λn,y = Le,y / ry × √(kf) × √(fy / 250 N/mm ) = 62.047
2
Compression member factor; αa,y = 2100 × (λn,y - 13.5) / (λn,y - 15.3 × λn,y + 2050) = 20.594
Member section constant - Table 6.3.3(1); αb = 0
Slenderness ratio; λy = λn,y + αa,y × αb = 62.047
Compression member imperfection factor; ηy = max(0.00326 × (λy - 13.5), 0) = 0.158
2 2
Compression member factor; ξy = ((λy / 90) + 1 + ηy) / (2 × (λy / 90) ) = 1.718
2
Member slenderness reduction factor; αc,y = ξy × (1 - √(1 - (90 / (ξy × λy)) )) = 0.797
Nominal member capacity in compression - cl.6.3.3; Nc,y = min(αc,y × Ns, Ns) = 5454.6 kN
Design member capacity in compression; Ncc,y = φ × Nc,y = 4909.1 kN
N∗ / Ncc,y = 0.427
PASS - Design member compression capacity exceeds design compression
Design for major (x-x) axis bending moment - Section 5.1
Unequal moments factor; cm = 1.000
2 2
Member elastic buckling load - cl.4.6.2; Nomb = π × E × Ix / (ke,x × Lx_s1) = 43350.2 kN
∗
Moment amplification factor - cl.4.4.2.2; δb = max(cm / (1 - (N / Nomb)), 1) = 1.051
Design bending moment;; M∗x = δb × 250 kNm = 262.7 kNm
Section moment capacity for bending about a principal axis - Section 5.2
3
Effective section modulus - cl.5.2.3; Ze,x = min(Sx, 1.5 × Zx) = 2681000 mm
Nominal section moment capacity - cl.5.2.1; Ms,x = fy × Ze,x = 911.5 kNm
Nominal section moment capacity with axial force - cl.8.3.2
Mr,x = min(1.18 × Ms,x × (1 - N∗ / (φ × Ns)), Ms,x) = 709.6 kNm
Design section moment capacity; Mrc,x = φ × Mr,x = 638.7 kNm
M∗x / Mrc,x = 0.411
PASS - Design section moment capacity exceeds design bending moment
Segments with full lateral restraint - Section 5.3.2
End moment ratio; βm = -1.000
2
Maximum segment length - cl.5.3.2.4; Ls,max = ry × (80 + 50 × βm) × √(250 N/mm / fy) = 2031 mm
Segment length; Ly_s1 = 4200 mm
Segment is not considered to have full lateral restraint
Member capacity of segments without full lateral restraint - Section 5.6
Moment modification factor; αm = 1.000
Twist restraint factor - Table 5.6.3(1); kt = 1.000
Load height factor - Table 5.6.3(2); kl = 1.000
Lateral rotation restraint factor - Table 5.6.3(3); kr = 1.000
Effective length; Le = kt × kl × kr × Ly_s1 = 4200 mm
2 2 2 2
Reference buckling moment - eq.5.6.1.1(3); Mo = √((π × E × Iy / Le ) × (G × J + (π × E × Iw / Le )))
Moa = Mo = 2934 kNm
2
Slenderness reduction factor - eq.5.6.1.1(2); αs = 0.6 × (√((Ms,x / Moa) + 3) - (Ms,x / Moa)) = 0.869
Nominal member moment capacity - eq.5.6.1.1(1); Mb,x = min(αm × αs, 1) × Ms,x = 792.5 kNm
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SAMPLE CALCULATION
Section Sheet no./rev.

STEEL MEMBER DESIGN (AS4100) 4

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M. EMECK 4/9/22

Nominal in-plane member moment capacity - cl.8.4.2.2

Mi,x = Ms,x × (1 - N∗ / (φ × Nc,x)) = 575.7 kNm
Nominal out-of-plane member moment capacity - cl.8.4.4.1
Mo,x = Mb,x × (1 - N∗ / (φ × Nc,y)) = 454.1 kNm
Design member moment capacity; Moc,x = φ × Mo,x = 408.7 kNm
M∗x / Moc,x = 0.643
PASS - Design member moment capacity exceeds design bending moment
Design for minor (y-y) axis bending moment - Section 5.1
Unequal moments factor; cm = 1.000
2 2
Member elastic buckling load - cl.4.6.2; Nomb = π × E × Iy / (ke,y × Ly_s1) = 14043.5 kN
Moment amplification factor - cl.4.4.2.2; δb = max(cm / (1 - (N∗ / Nomb)), 1) = 1.175
Design bending moment;; M∗y = δb × 100 kNm = 117.5 kNm
Section moment capacity for bending about a principal axis - Section 5.2
3
Effective section modulus - cl.5.2.3; Ze,y = min(Sy, 1.5 × Zy) = 1210200 mm
Nominal section moment capacity - cl.5.2.1; Ms,y = fy × Ze,y = 411.5 kNm
Nominal section moment capacity with axial force - cl.8.3.3
2
Mr,y = min(1.19 × Ms,y × (1 - (N∗ / (φ × Ns)) ), Ms,y) = 411.5 kNm
Design section moment capacity; Mrc,y = φ × Mr,y = 370.3 kNm
M∗y / Mrc,y = 0.317
PASS - Design section moment capacity exceeds design bending moment
Member capacity - Section 8.4
Nominal in-plane member moment capacity - cl.8.4.2.2
Mi,y = Ms,y × (1 - N∗ / (φ × Nc,y)) = 235.8 kNm
Design member moment capacity; Mic,y = φ × Mi,y = 212.2 kNm
M∗y / Mic,y = 0.554
PASS - Design member moment capacity exceeds design bending moment
Shear capacity of webs - Section 5.11
Design shear force; V∗x = 23.6 kN
Depth of web panel; dp = (d - 2 × tf) = 277 mm
2
Depth to thickness ratio check - cl.5.11.2; dp / tw <= 82 / √(fy / 250 N/mm )
Nominal shear capacity of the web shall be taken as the nominal shear yield capacity
2
Gross sectional area of web; Aw = d × tw = 5134 mm
Nominal shear yield capacity - cl.5.11.4; Vw,x = 0.6 × fy × Aw = 1047.3 kN
Nominal shear capacity - cl.5.11.2; Vv,x = Vw,x = 1047.3 kN
Nominal shear capacity with bending - cl.5.12.3; Vvm,x = Vv,x = 1047.3 kN
Design shear capacity; Vvmc,x = φ × Vvm,x = 942.6 kN
V∗x / Vvmc,x = 0.025
PASS - Design shear capacity exceeds design shear force
Design shear force; V∗y = 180 kN
Depth of flange; dp = bf = 311 mm
2
Depth to thickness ratio check - cl.5.11.2; dp / tf <= 82 / √(fy / 250 N/mm )
Nominal shear capacity of the web shall be taken as the nominal shear yield capacity
2
Gross sectional area of flange; Af = 2 × bf × tf = 15550 mm
Nominal shear yield capacity - cl.5.11.4; Vf,y = 0.6 × fy × Af = 3172.2 kN
Nominal shear capacity - cl.5.11.3; Vv,y = min(2 × Vf,y / (0.9 + (f∗vm / f∗va)), Vf,y) = 2643.5 kN
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SAMPLE CALCULATION
Section Sheet no./rev.

STEEL MEMBER DESIGN (AS4100) 5

Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date

M. EMECK 4/9/22

Nominal shear capacity with bending - cl.5.12.3; Vvm,y = Vv,y = 2643.5 kN

Design shear capacity; Vvmc,y = φ × Vvm,y = 2379.2 kN
V∗y / Vvmc,y = 0.076
PASS - Design shear capacity exceeds design shear force
Members subject to combined actions - Chapter 8
Section capacity - Section 8.3
Gamma factor; γ = min(1.4 + N∗ / (φ × Ns), 2) = 1.74
Interaction formula – cl.8.3.4; (M∗x / (φ × Mr,x))γ + (M∗y / (φ × Mr,y))γ = 0.349
PASS - Biaxial section bending capacity check is satisfied
Member capacity - Section 8.4
1.4 1.4
Interaction formula – cl.8.4.5.1; (M∗x / (φ × Mo,x)) + (M∗y / (φ × Mi,y)) = 0.976
PASS - Biaxial member bending capacity check is satisfied